O. Bokor, Laura Florez Perez, Barry J. Gledson, A. Osborne
Good pre-construction planning efforts are a vital part of the effective management and delivery of construction projects. In order to prepare more accurate schedules and cost calculations, realistic productivity rates to improve precision are needed. The use of simulation for modelling the elements of construction processes can assist with this aspiration. The application of hybrid simulation approaches is particularly appropriate as they can capture complicated behaviour, uncertainties, and dependencies. This paper discusses the use of one such approach combining discrete-event simulation (DES) and system dynamics (SD) to determine more accurate productivity rates. The DES component models the operations with the workflow of the tasks performed. Its input consists of the task elements with their durations and resource information. The factors that influence the productivity rates are taken into account with the help of the SD component. Input for this part of the model includes the factors as well as considerations of their interrelationships and effects. In this work, a case study of such input data for masonry works – for brick- and blockwork – is presented. It shows the input data and its integration in the DES-SD approach for modellers to determine more realistic productivity rates.
{"title":"Input for Hybrid Simulation Modelling Construction Operations","authors":"O. Bokor, Laura Florez Perez, Barry J. Gledson, A. Osborne","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-078","url":null,"abstract":"Good pre-construction planning efforts are a vital part of the effective management and delivery of construction projects. In order to prepare more accurate schedules and cost calculations, realistic productivity rates to improve precision are needed. The use of simulation for modelling the elements of construction processes can assist with this aspiration. The application of hybrid simulation approaches is particularly appropriate as they can capture complicated behaviour, uncertainties, and dependencies. This paper \u0000discusses the use of one such approach combining discrete-event simulation (DES) and system dynamics (SD) to determine more accurate productivity rates. The DES component models the operations with the workflow of the tasks performed. Its input consists of the task elements with their durations and resource information. The factors that influence the productivity rates are taken into \u0000account with the help of the SD component. Input for this part of the model includes the factors as well as considerations of their interrelationships and effects. In this work, a case study of such input data for masonry works – for brick- and blockwork – is presented. It shows the input data and its integration in the DES-SD approach for modellers to determine more realistic productivity rates.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131413530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ‘digitalization and collaboration’ or Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry has been gaining momentum in the recent academic engagements. Despite its existence in many industries (i.e. publishing, retailing, financial and travel services) for over a decade, the construction industry is yet to catch up with them. This is due to several challenges whose existence are more dynamic and perhaps generic than static to various countries. The challenges are mostly defined, but their impacts are frequently varied with boundaries; and the same applied to drivers toward a successful BIM adoption. This study aims to establish barriers and drivers to adopting BIM across Nigerian construction industry professions for synchronization and collective engagements. Primary data was fetched from professional stakeholders (Architects, Engineers, Builders, Quantity Surveyors, Project Managers and Planners) using online structured questionnaire. A total of 68 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study reveals a significant improvement in awareness level with much better adoption rate; however, the utilization level remain very limited due to lack of clarity, knowledge and guide. Lack of expertise within organizations and within project team as well as lack of standardization and protocols (in descending order) were found as significant barriers to BIM adoption. On the other hand, availability of trained professionals to handle BIM tools, proof of cost savings by its adoption and the BIM software affordability (in descending order) were found as the significant drivers to achieving a quick and effective BIM adoption. Recommendations were made based on the study findings.
{"title":"What are the Barriers and Drivers Toward BIM Adoption in Nigeria?","authors":"Mansur Hamma-adama, T. Kouider","doi":"10.3311/CCC2019-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/CCC2019-073","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘digitalization and collaboration’ or Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry has been gaining momentum in the recent academic engagements. Despite its existence in many industries (i.e. publishing, retailing, financial and travel services) for over a decade, the construction industry is yet to catch up with them. This is due to several challenges whose existence are more dynamic and perhaps generic than static to various countries. The challenges are mostly defined, but their impacts are frequently varied with boundaries; and the same applied to drivers toward a successful BIM adoption. This study aims to establish barriers and drivers to adopting BIM across Nigerian construction industry professions for synchronization and collective engagements. Primary data was fetched from professional stakeholders (Architects, Engineers, Builders, Quantity Surveyors, Project Managers and Planners) using online structured questionnaire. A total of 68 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study reveals a significant improvement in awareness level with much better adoption rate; however, the utilization level remain very limited due to lack of clarity, knowledge and guide. Lack of expertise within organizations and within project team as well as lack of standardization and protocols (in descending order) were found as significant barriers to BIM adoption. On the other hand, availability of trained professionals to handle BIM tools, proof of cost savings by its adoption and the BIM software affordability (in descending order) were found as the significant drivers to achieving a quick and effective BIM adoption. Recommendations were made based on the study findings.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131670762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the economic importance of the construction industry worldwide, it suffers from low productivity compared to other sectors, due to weak industrialisation, fragmented supply chain and poor collaboration. Recent national initiatives are promoting the adoption of information and automation technologies to increase efficiency, quality, safety, and reduce costs in construction. Emerging technologies will also provide highly integrated, connected and scalable new methods of construction. Nevertheless, the benefits and risks of automation in construction remain largely unknown due to the lack of standards and management tools to assess them from a holistic perspective. The aim of this research is to develop a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as an evaluation framework for automation in construction. A BSC is a strategic management system that links performance measurement to business strategy using a holistic set of performance assessment criteria. BSCs expand evaluation beyond financial criteria to include environmental and social considerations. The proposed BSC under development in this research uses a hierarchic system of multidimensional indicators (e.g. resource consumption, GHG emissions, costs, productivity, etc.) relevant to automation in construction, at operational, organisational and societal levels. The validity, priority and accessibility of the indicators were explored via a workshop with 20 participants from the construction industry. The workshop outcomes provided a means to focus attention on relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) for decision-making regarding construction processes. Based on the outcomes of this study, the final BSC will help construction organisations to achieve their sustainability goals and address low productivity, because automation solutions can be seen through a holistic, and pragmatic lens, thus are more likely to be included in, and contribute to, construction operations in the future.
{"title":"A Balanced Scorecard for Assessing Automation in Construction","authors":"I. Agustí-Juan, J. Glass, Vijay Pawar","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-023","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the economic importance of the construction industry worldwide, it suffers from low productivity compared to other sectors, \u0000due to weak industrialisation, fragmented supply chain and poor collaboration. Recent national initiatives are promoting the \u0000adoption of information and automation technologies to increase efficiency, quality, safety, and reduce costs in construction. \u0000Emerging technologies will also provide highly integrated, connected and scalable new methods of construction. Nevertheless, the \u0000benefits and risks of automation in construction remain largely unknown due to the lack of standards and management tools to \u0000assess them from a holistic perspective. \u0000The aim of this research is to develop a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as an evaluation framework for automation in construction. A \u0000BSC is a strategic management system that links performance measurement to business strategy using a holistic set of performance \u0000assessment criteria. BSCs expand evaluation beyond financial criteria to include environmental and social considerations. The \u0000proposed BSC under development in this research uses a hierarchic system of multidimensional indicators (e.g. resource \u0000consumption, GHG emissions, costs, productivity, etc.) relevant to automation in construction, at operational, organisational and \u0000societal levels. The validity, priority and accessibility of the indicators were explored via a workshop with 20 participants from the \u0000construction industry. The workshop outcomes provided a means to focus attention on relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) \u0000for decision-making regarding construction processes. Based on the outcomes of this study, the final BSC will help construction \u0000organisations to achieve their sustainability goals and address low productivity, because automation solutions can be seen through \u0000a holistic, and pragmatic lens, thus are more likely to be included in, and contribute to, construction operations in the future.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129867594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calin Boje, V. Bolshakova, A. Guerriero, S. Kubicki, G. Halin
Stakeholders use 4D modelling during construction to coordinate project data and collaborate effectively. The collaborative sessions between project stakeholders have a complex dynamic. This research was conducted under the scope of the 4DCollab project, which aims to improve 4D BIM supported Synchronous Collaboration Sessions (SCS) by adopting a user-centric approach, whilst considering specific 4D use-case information requirements. Following several experimental SCS, an initial ontology model was developed. This model offers a holistic view of the dynamics between the following main concepts: the meeting itself (session), its participants (users), the 4D BIM model and the collaboration devices used for decision-making. Several existing schemas within the BIM domain were identified and considered for the definition of the proposed ontology, re-using several already validated concepts. The 4DCollab ontology is introduced following a rigorous design methodology. Its applications, limitations and future work are also outlined and discussed.
{"title":"Ontology Assisted Collaboration Sessions on 4D BIM","authors":"Calin Boje, V. Bolshakova, A. Guerriero, S. Kubicki, G. Halin","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-081","url":null,"abstract":"Stakeholders use 4D modelling during construction to coordinate project data and collaborate effectively. The collaborative sessions between project stakeholders have a complex dynamic. This research was conducted under the scope of the 4DCollab project, which aims to improve 4D BIM supported Synchronous Collaboration Sessions (SCS) by adopting a user-centric approach, whilst considering specific 4D use-case information requirements. Following several experimental SCS, an initial ontology model was developed. This model offers a holistic view of the dynamics between the following main concepts: the meeting itself (session), its participants (users), the 4D BIM model and the collaboration devices used for decision-making. Several existing schemas within the BIM domain were identified and considered for the definition of the proposed ontology, re-using several already validated concepts. The 4DCollab ontology is introduced following a rigorous design methodology. Its applications, limitations and future work are also outlined and discussed.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126253904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In May 2018, the UK Government published an independent review of building regulations and fire safety in response to the tragic fire at Grenfell Tower. The Hackitt Review identified the need for traceability; a ‘golden thread’ preserving critical information about design intent and the as-constructed building in a proposed Digital Record (DR). This study proposes a framework for a DR for traceability of all built assets, new and existing. Three structured workshops including four working groups were held with industry practitioners and academics to collaboratively establish definitions of traceability and a DR. The key requirements of the DR were identified through development of 63 use cases. Building on traceability systems research in other industries, a framework for traceability of built assets was developed and analysed with industry. The framework, containing both information chains, supply chains and unique identification of traceable items, is outlined in this paper and its key components are discussed along with identification of areas for further research.
{"title":"Traceability for Built Assets: Proposed Framework for a Digital Record","authors":"Richard W. Watson, M. Kassem, Jennifer Li","doi":"10.3311/CCC2019-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/CCC2019-068","url":null,"abstract":"In May 2018, the UK Government published an independent review of building regulations and fire safety in response to the tragic fire at Grenfell Tower. The Hackitt Review identified the need for traceability; a ‘golden thread’ preserving critical information about design intent and the as-constructed building in a proposed Digital Record (DR). This study proposes a framework for a DR for traceability of all built assets, new and existing. Three structured workshops including four working groups were held with industry practitioners and academics to collaboratively establish definitions of traceability and a DR. The key requirements of the DR were identified through development of 63 use cases. Building on traceability systems research in other industries, a framework for traceability of built assets was developed and analysed with industry. The framework, containing both information chains, supply chains and unique identification of traceable items, is outlined in this paper and its key components are discussed along with identification of areas for further research.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupancy- and space utilization rates in non-residential buildings are often used as a metric for building efficiency. However, these rates are typically measured only for buildings already in use, at a stage where optimizing the size or layout of a building to improve efficiency becomes increasingly challenging and expensive. The aim of this exploratory study is to describe a method for estimating the occupancy- and space utilization rates in non-residential buildings using planned-activity -based data. Such a method enables the client to obtain estimates of the occupancy- and space utilization rates already during the design phase of a building, when size- and layout -related changes are more easily and affordably executable. The method is best applicable to buildings with a high degree of usage predictability, such as educational establishments. The research design of the study is based on a descriptive embedded single case study. In effect, the activity-based occupancy- and utilization rate estimation method is applied in the context of evaluating a building layout during the design phase of a school building project in Southern Finland. The main finding of the study is that an ex-ante estimation of occupancy and space utilization rates facilitates in optimizing the building layout during the design phase to improve its efficiency during the usage phase. Moreover, the results suggest that the developed method helps clients to improve project scope management and building value in use. Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
{"title":"Estimating Occupancy- and Space Utilization Rates in Non-Residential Buildings Using Planned-Activity Data","authors":"Matti Karjalainen, J. Kajander, Matti Sivunen","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-044","url":null,"abstract":"Occupancy- and space utilization rates in non-residential buildings are often used as a metric for building efficiency. However, these rates are typically measured only for buildings already in use, at a stage where optimizing the size or layout of a building to improve efficiency becomes increasingly challenging and expensive. The aim of this exploratory study is to describe a method for estimating the occupancy- and space utilization rates in non-residential buildings using planned-activity -based data. Such a method enables the client to obtain estimates of the occupancy- and space utilization rates already during the design phase of a building, when size- and layout -related changes are more easily and affordably executable. The method is best applicable to buildings with a high degree of usage predictability, such as educational establishments. The research design of the study is based on a descriptive embedded single case study. In effect, the activity-based occupancy- and utilization rate estimation method is applied in the context of evaluating a building layout during the design phase of a school building project in Southern Finland. The main finding of the study is that an ex-ante estimation of occupancy and space utilization rates facilitates in optimizing the building layout during the design phase to improve its efficiency during the usage phase. Moreover, the results suggest that the developed method helps clients to improve project scope management and building value in use. Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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