The importance and the interdependencies of critical infrastructures such as power and water supply, communications, and healthcare is increasing continuously and constantly. Most of the vital services for the private and the public sectors depend on the continuous performance of critical infrastructures. However, the last decades’ extreme events reveal a significant gap between the preparedness of critical infrastructures and the actual risk that those infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic event. In this research a methodology is developed to appraise and mitigate the risk that critical infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic events. The proposed method is designated also to act as decision support tool for the selection of the most advantageous strategy to reduce the risk expectancy for extreme seismic events. A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) approach is used in order to reflect a variety of possible seismic scenarios and overcome the uncertainties regarding to the timing, the location, and the magnitude of an earthquake. The seismic vulnerability of different components is evaluated by adjusted fragility curves and Fault-Tree-Analysis. The seismic risk function, that expresses the expected risk of the system for a given ground motion intensity, is derived according to the occurrence probabilities of the earthquake, the seismic vulnerability of different components, and the expected consequences. This paper introduces the developed methodology and demonstrates the key steps through a two case studies of oil pumping plant and oil tank farm. The pumping plant case study demonstrates the development of the risk function and examines the contribution of a possible mitigation strategy on the overall risk expectancy. The oil tank farm case demonstrates a derivation of an exclusive fragility function for critical infrastructures facility. This methodology provides novel analytical and decision-support tool that integrates between the components adjusted fragility curves in the risk assessment and the consequent mitigation step; the optimal mitigation strategy is derived from the fragility parameters reflection on the total risk function.
{"title":"Probabilistic Risk Appraisal and Mitigation of Critical Infrastructures for Seismic Extreme Events","authors":"Alon Urlainis, I. Shohet","doi":"10.3311/CCC2018-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/CCC2018-121","url":null,"abstract":"The importance and the interdependencies of critical infrastructures such as power and water supply, communications, and healthcare is increasing continuously and constantly. Most of the vital services for the private and the public sectors depend on the continuous performance of critical infrastructures. However, the last decades’ extreme events reveal a significant gap between the preparedness of critical infrastructures and the actual risk that those infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic event. In this research a methodology is developed to appraise and mitigate the risk that critical infrastructures are exposed to in case of seismic events. The proposed method is designated also to act as decision support tool for the selection of the most advantageous strategy to reduce the risk expectancy for extreme seismic events. A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) approach is used in order to reflect a variety of possible seismic scenarios and overcome the uncertainties regarding to the timing, the location, and the magnitude of an earthquake. The seismic vulnerability of different components is evaluated by adjusted fragility curves and Fault-Tree-Analysis. The seismic risk function, that expresses the expected risk of the system for a given ground motion intensity, is derived according to the occurrence probabilities of the earthquake, the seismic vulnerability of different components, and the expected consequences. This paper introduces the developed methodology and demonstrates the key steps through a two case studies of oil pumping plant and oil tank farm. The pumping plant case study demonstrates the development of the risk function and examines the contribution of a possible mitigation strategy on the overall risk expectancy. The oil tank farm case demonstrates a derivation of an exclusive fragility function for critical infrastructures facility. This methodology provides novel analytical and decision-support tool that integrates between the components adjusted fragility curves in the risk assessment and the consequent mitigation step; the optimal mitigation strategy is derived from the fragility parameters reflection on the total risk function.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124744869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A significant number of fatal accidents and injuries are still reported in construction projects worldwide inducing consequent socioeconomic impacts. A crucial factor in construction safety is to properly identify possible hazards at any stage of the construction process. Existing research has not focused much on the automatic detection of risks associated with the inexistence or misplacement of protective safety equipment. This paper presents a method for detecting safety risks (to which workers may be exposed in a construction project) concerning the inappropriate placement or handling of protective equipment. In this approach, the construction site is dynamically modeled employing Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. In particular, the project status is recorded at regular intervals using a camera. The data provided by the camera are transferred to BIM software and the site plan view is processed via a Matlab pattern recognition module to observe protective equipment misplacement or removal. The software compares the current image with the anticipated safety protection plan of the construction work and automatically detects the safety potential hazards areas along the work area. Within the extracting results, visual representation and labeling of the work areas that present unsafe conditions for the workers are developed and prompt alerts are forwarded to the project supervisor by e-mail specifying the location and type of hazard. The employment of the presented methodology could enable participants in the construction process to promptly identify and restore safety deficiencies, improving thus work safety and minimizing the number and/or the impact of accidents in construction sites. the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
{"title":"Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Safety Risk Identification in Construction Projects","authors":"Fotios C. Tsoukalis, A. Chassiakos","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-111","url":null,"abstract":"A significant number of fatal accidents and injuries are still reported in construction projects worldwide inducing consequent socioeconomic impacts. A crucial factor in construction safety is to properly identify possible hazards at any stage of the construction process. Existing research has not focused much on the automatic detection of risks associated with the inexistence or misplacement of protective safety equipment. This paper presents a method for detecting safety risks (to which workers may be exposed in a construction project) concerning the inappropriate placement or handling of protective equipment. In this approach, the construction site is dynamically modeled employing Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. In particular, the project status is recorded at regular intervals using a camera. The data provided by the camera are transferred to BIM software and the site plan view is processed via a Matlab pattern recognition module to observe protective equipment misplacement or removal. The software compares the current image with the anticipated safety protection plan of the construction work and automatically detects the safety potential hazards areas along the work area. Within the extracting results, visual representation and labeling of the work areas that present unsafe conditions for the workers are developed and prompt alerts are forwarded to the project supervisor by e-mail specifying the location and type of hazard. The employment of the presented methodology could enable participants in the construction process to promptly identify and restore safety deficiencies, improving thus work safety and minimizing the number and/or the impact of accidents in construction sites. the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127777807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is making a shift towards digitization and automation (known as Construction 4.0) due to the rapid growth of information and communication technologies as well as 3D printing, mechatronics, machine learning, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies will transform the design, planning, construction, operation and maintenance of the civil infrastructure systems, with a positive impact on the overall project time, cost, quality, and productivity. These new technologies will also make the industry more connected, and the consideration of cybersecurity of paramount importance. Although many studies have proposed frameworks and methodologies to develop such technologies, investigation of cybersecurity implications and related challenges have received very less attention. Some work has focused on security-minded BIM, but it lacks generality or does not consider an approach to determine the vulnerability of the different project participants, construction processes, and products involved during the different phases of construction projects. To address these limitations, this study a) develops a framework to identify cybersecurity risks in the construction industry, and b) assesses the vulnerability of traditional and hybrid delivery methods based on an agent based model (ABM). That is, the vulnerability of different project participants and construction entities during the different phases of the life-cycle of construction projects as a consequence of Construction 4.0. The findings from this study help to identify potential risks and provide a basis to assess the impact of interactions in a digital environment among different project participants. Future work aims to thoroughly investigate the proposed ABM approach and extend the same to other project delivery methods and information exchange networks in construction projects.
{"title":"Cyber security challenges and vulnerability assessment in the construction industry","authors":"Bharadwaj R. K. Mantha, Borja García de Soto","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-005","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is making a shift towards digitization and automation (known as Construction 4.0) due to the rapid growth of information and communication technologies as well as 3D printing, mechatronics, machine learning, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies will transform the design, planning, construction, operation and maintenance of the civil infrastructure systems, with a positive impact on the overall project time, cost, quality, and productivity. These new technologies will also make the industry more connected, and the consideration of cybersecurity of paramount importance. Although many studies have proposed frameworks and methodologies to develop such technologies, investigation of cybersecurity implications and related challenges have received very less attention. Some work has focused on security-minded BIM, but it lacks generality or does not consider an approach to determine the vulnerability of the different project participants, construction processes, and products involved during the different phases of construction projects. To address these limitations, this study a) develops a framework to identify cybersecurity risks in the construction industry, and b) assesses the vulnerability of traditional and hybrid delivery methods based on an agent based model (ABM). That is, the vulnerability of different project participants and construction entities during the different phases of the life-cycle of construction projects as a consequence of Construction 4.0. The findings from this study help to identify potential risks and provide a basis to assess the impact of interactions in a digital environment among different project participants. Future work aims to thoroughly investigate the proposed ABM approach and extend the same to other project delivery methods and information exchange networks in construction projects.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132199687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is facing the challenges of low productivity, poor working environment, safety problems, an aging workforce. Particularly in high-rise building construction, these problems are serious because of the larger labor demand and a more dangerous working environment. Automation and robotics are expected to provide solutions to these problems while the level of application in the construction industry is still very low. This study identified development priorities (DPs) and key challenges (KCs) of automation and robotics in high-rise building construction through a questionnaire survey and an international expert workshop. Based on literature review and brainstorming, preliminary needs and influential factors were identified and a questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire survey was then conducted among senior engineers from major construction companies in China, evaluating the needs and influential factors related to robotics implementation. Based the results of the survey, an international workshop was held to furtherly identify DPs and KCs. This paper presents the processes and results of both the questionnaire survey and the workshop, identified and analyzed the DPs and KCs, and makes suggestions for future approaches to applying automation and robotics in high-rise building construction. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
{"title":"Development Priorities and Key Challenges of Automation and Robotics in High-Rise Building Constructio","authors":"Shiyao Cai, Zhiliang Ma, M. Skibniewski, Song Bao","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-007","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is facing the challenges of low productivity, poor working environment, safety problems, an aging workforce. Particularly in high-rise building construction, these problems are serious because of the larger labor demand and a more dangerous working environment. Automation and robotics are expected to provide solutions to these problems while the level of application in the construction industry is still very low. This study identified development priorities (DPs) and key challenges (KCs) of automation and robotics in high-rise building construction through a questionnaire survey and an international expert workshop. Based on literature review and brainstorming, preliminary needs and influential factors were identified and a questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire survey was then conducted among senior engineers from major construction companies in China, evaluating the needs and influential factors related to robotics implementation. Based the results of the survey, an international workshop was held to furtherly identify DPs and KCs. This paper presents the processes and results of both the questionnaire survey and the workshop, identified and analyzed the DPs and KCs, and makes suggestions for future approaches to applying automation and robotics in high-rise building construction. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131024037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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