Topics in companion animal medicine最新文献

Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolated from pyogranulomatous lesions in cats from Brazil

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100962

Jamilly Rosa dos Santos , Renata Dalcol Mazaro , Alana Pivoto Herbichi , Rafael Almeida Fighera , Andrea Maria Lazzari , Sabrina dos Santos Costa Poggiani , Agueda Palmira Castagna de Vargas , Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel , Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti

This study aimed to describe and provide a laboratory characterization of three cases of Rhodococcus equi isolates from pyogranulomatous lesions in domestic cats in Brazil, collected between 2015 and 2021. Swabs and aspirates from nodular skin lesions located in the abdominal region (Case 1) and thoracic limbs (Cases 1–3) were subjected to microbiological culture, biochemical and molecular analyses, evaluation of biofilm formation capacity, and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Cats 1 and 2 were positive for FeLV p27 antigen on SNAP testing. Cat 1 died at home from complications of Rhodococcus infection, and Cat 2 was euthanized following failure of medical and surgical treatment of infection. The cat in Case 3, which was FeLV-negative, received treatment with oral erythromycin and topical rifampicin for 30 days. However, due to failure of antimicrobial therapy to resolve the lesions, the cat underwent amputation of the affected right hindlimb. R. equi, positive for the plasmid-encoded virulence-associated protein A, was identified on the microbiological cultures and PCR from all cases. Biofilm formation analysis categorized all three isolates as weak biofilm formers. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, imipenem, and rifampicin in vitro. These findings underscore the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of R. equi infection in Brazilian cats, indicating that these microorganisms are phenotypically and molecularly similar to those isolated from horses.

{"title":"Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolated from pyogranulomatous lesions in cats from Brazil","authors":"Jamilly Rosa dos Santos , Renata Dalcol Mazaro , Alana Pivoto Herbichi , Rafael Almeida Fighera , Andrea Maria Lazzari , Sabrina dos Santos Costa Poggiani , Agueda Palmira Castagna de Vargas , Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel , Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to describe and provide a laboratory characterization of three cases of <em>Rhodococcus equi</em> isolates from pyogranulomatous lesions in domestic cats in Brazil, collected between 2015 and 2021. Swabs and aspirates from nodular skin lesions located in the abdominal region (Case 1) and thoracic limbs (Cases 1–3) were subjected to microbiological culture, biochemical and molecular analyses, evaluation of biofilm formation capacity, and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Cats 1 and 2 were positive for FeLV p27 antigen on SNAP testing. Cat 1 died at home from complications of <em>Rhodococcus</em> infection, and Cat 2 was euthanized following failure of medical and surgical treatment of infection. The cat in Case 3, which was FeLV-negative, received treatment with oral erythromycin and topical rifampicin for 30 days. However, due to failure of antimicrobial therapy to resolve the lesions, the cat underwent amputation of the affected right hindlimb. <em>R. equi,</em> positive for the plasmid-encoded virulence-associated protein A, was identified on the microbiological cultures and PCR from all cases. Biofilm formation analysis categorized all three isolates as weak biofilm formers. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, imipenem, and rifampicin in vitro. These findings underscore the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of <em>R. equi</em> infection in Brazilian cats, indicating that these microorganisms are phenotypically and molecularly similar to those isolated from horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the effects of an opioid-free anesthetic protocol with two opioid-based protocols on the intraoperative cardiovascular response and postoperative pain in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy: A prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study 比较无阿片麻醉方案和两种阿片麻醉方案对接受择期卵巢切除术的猫术中心血管反应和术后疼痛的影响：一项前瞻性、随机、盲法临床研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100963

Bárbara Silva Correia, Eduardo Raposo Monteiro, João Victor Barbieri Ferronatto, Ivy Silva de La Rocque Pinho, Lívia Eichenberg Surita, Marcelo Meller Alievi

This study compared the cardiovascular response to surgery and postoperative pain between an opioid-free protocol and two opioid-based protocols in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Cats were randomly allocated into three intramuscular premedication treatments: DEX (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg, n = 12), DEXMET (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg + methadone 0.3 mg/kg, n = 13) and DEXMOR (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg + morphine 0.3 mg/kg, n = 14). Preoperatively, all cats received meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were measured intraoperatively. Pain was assessed before premedication (Baseline) and postoperatively for 6 h using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale - Feline (CMPS-F) and Feline Grimace Scale (FGS). Rescue analgesia was given for CMPS-F scores ≥ 5.

In all groups, HR and SAP increased intraoperatively, but tachycardia (HR > 200 beats/min) or hypertension (SAP > 180 mmHg) did not occur. Postoperative CMPS-F scores were lower in DEXMET than in DEX; FGS scores in DEX and DEXMOR were higher than in DEXMET. Rescue analgesia was administered to 50 %, 23 % and 29 % cats in groups DEX, DEXMET and DEXMOR, respectively (p > 0.05). The odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) of receiving postoperative rescue analgesia within 6 h for opioid-free versus opioid-based techniques was 2.86 (0.76-11.43). All protocols allowed surgery to be performed without an exacerbated cardiovascular response. Incorporating methadone or morphine in the protocol decreased the odds of requiring postoperative rescue analgesia.

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of an opioid-free anesthetic protocol with two opioid-based protocols on the intraoperative cardiovascular response and postoperative pain in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy: A prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study","authors":"Bárbara Silva Correia, Eduardo Raposo Monteiro, João Victor Barbieri Ferronatto, Ivy Silva de La Rocque Pinho, Lívia Eichenberg Surita, Marcelo Meller Alievi","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the cardiovascular response to surgery and postoperative pain between an opioid-free protocol and two opioid-based protocols in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Cats were randomly allocated into three intramuscular premedication treatments: DEX (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg, <em>n</em> = 12), DEXMET (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg + methadone 0.3 mg/kg, <em>n</em> = 13) and DEXMOR (dexmedetomidine 7 µg/kg + morphine 0.3 mg/kg, <em>n</em> = 14). Preoperatively, all cats received meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were measured intraoperatively. Pain was assessed before premedication (Baseline) and postoperatively for 6 h using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale - Feline (CMPS-F) and Feline Grimace Scale (FGS). Rescue analgesia was given for CMPS-F scores ≥ 5.</div><div>In all groups, HR and SAP increased intraoperatively, but tachycardia (HR > 200 beats/min) or hypertension (SAP > 180 mmHg) did not occur. Postoperative CMPS-F scores were lower in DEXMET than in DEX; FGS scores in DEX and DEXMOR were higher than in DEXMET. Rescue analgesia was administered to 50 %, 23 % and 29 % cats in groups DEX, DEXMET and DEXMOR, respectively (<em>p</em> > 0.05). The odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) of receiving postoperative rescue analgesia within 6 h for opioid-free <em>versus</em> opioid-based techniques was 2.86 (0.76-11.43). All protocols allowed surgery to be performed without an exacerbated cardiovascular response. Incorporating methadone or morphine in the protocol decreased the odds of requiring postoperative rescue analgesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cryptorchidism in dogs and cats presented for elective gonadectomy: A descriptive cohort study of 306 animals treated between 2018 and 2023

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100961

Seong Eun Cho , James M. Fudge , Suhee Kim , Bernie Page , DoHyeon Yu

The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, breed distribution, clinical findings (anatomic location, number of testicles affected, and side), and surgical management of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats presented for elective gonadectomy. Medical record abstracts from a non-profit, high-volume, high-quality, spay-neuter clinic from 2018 to 2023 were reviewed retrospectively for cases of elective surgical gonadectomy of cryptorchid dogs and cats. During the study period, 5,476 dogs and 11,559 cats were presented to the same facility for elective surgical castration, suggesting a cryptorchid incidence of 3.21 % for dogs and 1.12 % for cats. Cryptorchidism affects various breeds and body conformations. Cryptorchid testes were more commonly observed in the inguinal area than in the abdomen, and were more frequently located unilaterally on the right side in both dogs and cats. The mean number of overall incisions required for surgical management was higher for testes located in the abdomen than for those located in the inguinal region in both dogs and cats. Due to differences in anatomy, cryptorchid prevalence, and surgical techniques, cryptorchidism in dogs and cats should be evaluated separately. Careful, preemptive identification and localization of the retained testicle(s) can be beneficial for efficient excision of cryptorchid testes.

{"title":"Cryptorchidism in dogs and cats presented for elective gonadectomy: A descriptive cohort study of 306 animals treated between 2018 and 2023","authors":"Seong Eun Cho , James M. Fudge , Suhee Kim , Bernie Page , DoHyeon Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, breed distribution, clinical findings (anatomic location, number of testicles affected, and side), and surgical management of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats presented for elective gonadectomy. Medical record abstracts from a non-profit, high-volume, high-quality, spay-neuter clinic from 2018 to 2023 were reviewed retrospectively for cases of elective surgical gonadectomy of cryptorchid dogs and cats. During the study period, 5,476 dogs and 11,559 cats were presented to the same facility for elective surgical castration, suggesting a cryptorchid incidence of 3.21 % for dogs and 1.12 % for cats. Cryptorchidism affects various breeds and body conformations. Cryptorchid testes were more commonly observed in the inguinal area than in the abdomen, and were more frequently located unilaterally on the right side in both dogs and cats. The mean number of overall incisions required for surgical management was higher for testes located in the abdomen than for those located in the inguinal region in both dogs and cats. Due to differences in anatomy, cryptorchid prevalence, and surgical techniques, cryptorchidism in dogs and cats should be evaluated separately. Careful, preemptive identification and localization of the retained testicle(s) can be beneficial for efficient excision of cryptorchid testes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

All pet owners are not the same: End-of-Life caregiver expectations and profiles.

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100960

Sara Hoummady , Laureline Chaise , Marion Guillot , Nancy Rebout

The study aims to explore the specific needs of French pet owners who have experienced the loss of a pet, recognizing the limited focus on end-of-life and palliative care in veterinary practice. By characterizing owner profiles, the research seeks to enhance veterinary approaches and education to better address the unique challenges and emotional aspects associated with pet care and loss. An anonymous online survey was distributed to 302 French owners who already experienced the loss of an animal, including demographic information and feelings about their experience of a pet's end-of-life (EOL). Data were analysed using descriptive and qualitative analysis (including the use of AI chatbot ChatGPT). 56.6 % of participants reported a relatively smooth pet death, yet 67.0 % found the end-of-life period challenging. Three distinct owner groups emerged, each with varying needs. The first group expressed high guilt and a greater need for support, emphasizing the necessity for information and improved training. The second group, more informed and independent, benefits from veterinary support, while a leaflet suits them. The third group, competent in pain evaluation, requires less veterinary support. These differences highlight the importance of personalized owner support. The study proposes essential pillars for veterinarians and nurses' training, forming the EPITO system: Emotional support, Personalization, Information, Training, Tools, and Open discussion.

{"title":"All pet owners are not the same: End-of-Life caregiver expectations and profiles.","authors":"Sara Hoummady , Laureline Chaise , Marion Guillot , Nancy Rebout","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to explore the specific needs of French pet owners who have experienced the loss of a pet, recognizing the limited focus on end-of-life and palliative care in veterinary practice. By characterizing owner profiles, the research seeks to enhance veterinary approaches and education to better address the unique challenges and emotional aspects associated with pet care and loss. An anonymous online survey was distributed to 302 French owners who already experienced the loss of an animal, including demographic information and feelings about their experience of a pet's end-of-life (EOL). Data were analysed using descriptive and qualitative analysis (including the use of AI chatbot ChatGPT). 56.6 % of participants reported a relatively smooth pet death, yet 67.0 % found the end-of-life period challenging. Three distinct owner groups emerged, each with varying needs. The first group expressed high guilt and a greater need for support, emphasizing the necessity for information and improved training. The second group, more informed and independent, benefits from veterinary support, while a leaflet suits them. The third group, competent in pain evaluation, requires less veterinary support. These differences highlight the importance of personalized owner support. The study proposes essential pillars for veterinarians and nurses' training, forming the EPITO system: Emotional support, Personalization, Information, Training, Tools, and Open discussion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidural administration of tramadol does not provide sufficient intraoperative analgesia for elective ovariohysterectomy in healthy cats

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100959

Franco IG , Souza AR , Costa IM , Julião GH , Oliveira BB , Nishimura HML , Abimussi CJX , Floriano BP

Few studies today address trans-operative analgesia provided by tramadol without local anesthetics for intra-abdominal procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of trans-operative analgesia provided by epidurally administered tramadol in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. For this purpose, 16 healthy queens were randomly assigned to participate in one of two groups: GC, control group, 0.9% NaCl at 0.3 mL/kg; and GT, tramadol group, tramadol 1 mg/kg in saline to the same final volume. Subjects received premedication with ketamine, xylazine and morphine and were anesthetized and maintained with a propofol infusion at 0.4-0.8 mg/kg/min until the end of surgery. Variables heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (F_R) and systolic blood pressure (SAP) were recorded before epidural injection (TB), 5 minutes after epidural injection (TAE), at surgical incision of the skin (TSI), at clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (TP1), at clamping of the second pedicle (TP2), at clamping of the uterine stump (TU), at the beginning of abdominal cavity closure (TC) and at the final suture of the skin (TFS). A bolus of fentanyl 2 μg/kg was administered IV in case of a 20% increase of physiologic variables during these times. At the end of the study, data was analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test. The number of fentanyl boluses was compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test. All analyses were performed under 5% significance. There were no significant differences in HR, F_R and SAP between groups. Only a mild difference was seen in HR in GT at times MP1, MP2, MU and MC compared to baseline (before epidural injections). There were no differences in number of fentanyl boluses between groups, with median (range) of 3 (1–5) in GC and 3 (1–4) in GT. In conclusion, tramadol given epidurally to cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy does not provide reliable intraoperative analgesia, and therefore other strategies are necessary to ensure intraoperative analgesia of healthy cats during elective ovariohysterectomy.

{"title":"Epidural administration of tramadol does not provide sufficient intraoperative analgesia for elective ovariohysterectomy in healthy cats","authors":"Franco IG , Souza AR , Costa IM , Julião GH , Oliveira BB , Nishimura HML , Abimussi CJX , Floriano BP","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies today address trans-operative analgesia provided by tramadol without local anesthetics for intra-abdominal procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of trans-operative analgesia provided by epidurally administered tramadol in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. For this purpose, 16 healthy queens were randomly assigned to participate in one of two groups: GC, control group, 0.9% NaCl at 0.3 mL/kg; and GT, tramadol group, tramadol 1 mg/kg in saline to the same final volume. Subjects received premedication with ketamine, xylazine and morphine and were anesthetized and maintained with a propofol infusion at 0.4-0.8 mg/kg/min until the end of surgery. Variables heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (F<sub>R</sub>) and systolic blood pressure (SAP) were recorded before epidural injection (TB), 5 minutes after epidural injection (TAE), at surgical incision of the skin (TSI), at clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (TP1), at clamping of the second pedicle (TP2), at clamping of the uterine stump (TU), at the beginning of abdominal cavity closure (TC) and at the final suture of the skin (TFS). A bolus of fentanyl 2 μg/kg was administered IV in case of a 20% increase of physiologic variables during these times. At the end of the study, data was analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test. The number of fentanyl boluses was compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn test. All analyses were performed under 5% significance. There were no significant differences in HR, F<sub>R</sub> and SAP between groups. Only a mild difference was seen in HR in GT at times MP1, MP2, MU and MC compared to baseline (before epidural injections). There were no differences in number of fentanyl boluses between groups, with median (range) of 3 (1–5) in GC and 3 (1–4) in GT. In conclusion, tramadol given epidurally to cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy does not provide reliable intraoperative analgesia, and therefore other strategies are necessary to ensure intraoperative analgesia of healthy cats during elective ovariohysterectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of selected nutrients and contaminants in fish oil supplements for dogs* 犬用鱼油补充剂中选定营养素和污染物的分析。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100949

Lauren R. Ober , Jennifer A. Larsen , Lauren E. Hoffman , Birgit Puschner , Andrea J. Fascetti

Fish oil supplements for dogs are used therapeutically for various clinical conditions. However, products may be variable in quality, potency, and stability. The objective of this study was to analyze eleven canine fish oil supplements from two time points (2010 and 2021) for the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) arochlors, minerals, and vitamins A and D, and to compare their compositions to label claims. Molybdenum, cadmium, mercury, lead, and PCBs were not detected in any samples. Other minerals were detected in some products, and concentrations were well below general maximum tolerable levels or applicable regulatory maximums for dog foods. EPA and DHA concentrations varied widely among products and between timepoints. Overall, there were six instances of products not meeting label claims within 5 % for EPA, DHA, or both. Across both timepoints, five minimum content claims were made for vitamin A, and three for vitamin D. In 2010, the analyzed concentrations were below the claims for one product each for vitamins A and D, while for 2021 all products met their respective claims. Overall, products were assessed to have low risk for vitamins A and D or mineral toxicoses when used as recommended. At higher (therapeutic) doses, contributions to the overall intake for nutrients of concern should be considered, including selenium and fat soluble vitamins. In addition, there is room for improvement for manufacturers to ensure accurate label guarantees.

狗的鱼油补充剂用于治疗各种临床条件。然而，产品在质量、效力和稳定性方面可能是可变的。本研究的目的是分析2010年和2021年两个时间点的11种犬鱼油补充剂中omega-3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、多氯联苯（PCB）芳烃、矿物质和维生素A和D的含量，并将其成分与标签上的声明进行比较。钼、镉、汞、铅和多氯联苯均未在任何样品中检测到。在一些产品中检测到其他矿物质，其浓度远低于一般最高可耐受水平或适用的狗粮最高监管标准。EPA和DHA的浓度在不同的产品和不同的时间点之间差异很大。总的来说，有六种产品的EPA、DHA含量在5%以内，或两者都不符合标签上的要求。在这两个时间点上，维生素A有5个最低含量声明，维生素D有3个最低含量声明。2010年，所分析的维生素A和维生素D的浓度分别低于一种产品的最低含量声明，而2021年，所有产品都达到了各自的要求。总体而言，经评估，这些产品在按建议使用时，维生素A和D或矿物质中毒的风险较低。在较高的（治疗）剂量下，应考虑对所关注的营养素的总摄入量的贡献，包括硒和脂溶性维生素。此外，在标签保证方面，制造商在确保准确标签方面还有改进的余地。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring risk factors linked to canine lymphoma: a case-control study 探索与犬淋巴瘤相关的危险因素：一项病例对照研究。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.100948

Katia Pinello , Liliana Leite-Martins , Hugo Gregório , Filipe Oliveira , Katia C. Kimura , Maria Lúcia Z. Dagli , Augusto de Matos , João Niza-Ribeiro

Environmental factors, largely influenced by human behavior, account for approximately 80 % of malignant tumors. Risk factors associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been identified in various countries among both humans and domestic animals. This study aimed to investigate potential risk factors for NHL in dogs residing in the district of Porto, Portugal. A comprehensive survey comprising 70 questions was undertaken and given to 113 dog owners, including 55 cases and 58 controls. Our findings revealed that dogs weighing over 10 kg (OR=9.1, p < 0.001), purebred dogs (OR=2.4, p = 0.037), those with consuming homemade food (OR=2.7, p = 0.03), and fruits and vegetables (OR=2.8, p = 0.022) exhibited higher odds of developing lymphoma. Notably, dogs with lymphoma were exposed to a significantly higher mean smoking index compared to the control group (13.7, SD=12.5 vs. 8.4, SD=9.3, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that lymphoma risk in dogs seems to be influenced by a combination of innate (genetic) factors and modifiable environmental factors linked to owner habits. Nevertheless, further large-scale epidemiological studies are warranted to validate these results.

环境因素在很大程度上受人类行为的影响，约占恶性肿瘤的80%。与非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）相关的危险因素已在许多国家的人类和家畜中被确定。本研究旨在调查居住在葡萄牙波尔图地区犬类NHL的潜在危险因素。研究人员对113名狗主人进行了一项包括70个问题的全面调查，其中包括55名狗主人和58名对照组。研究结果显示，体重超过10kg的狗（OR=9.1, p < 0.001）、纯种狗（OR=2.4, p = 0.037）以及食用自制食物（OR=2.7, p = 0.03）和水果蔬菜（OR=2.8, p=0.022）的狗患淋巴瘤的几率更高。值得注意的是，与对照组相比，淋巴瘤狗的平均吸烟指数显著高于对照组(13.7，SD=12.5 vs. 8.4， SD=9.3, p

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a constant rate infusion of ketamine on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in dogs anesthetized with propofol 恒速输注氯胺酮对异丙酚麻醉犬左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100931

Guilherme Andraus Bispo , Thaís Cabral de Oliveira , Matheus Fujimura Soares , Izabella Pazzoto Alves , Élen Almeida Pedreira de Souza , Carlos Eduardo de Siqueira , Marilda Onghero Taffarel , Wagner Luis Ferreira , Paulo Sergio Patto dos Santos

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a constant rate infusion of ketamine on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in dogs anesthetized with propofol.

Study design

Prospective randomized, blinded clinical study.

Animals

Sixteen healthy dogs.

Methods

Dogs were randomized into two groups, the propofol-ketamine group (GPK) and propofol group (GP), with eight animals each. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of propofol at a rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min. All dogs were mechanically ventilated throughout the study. Thirty-five minutes after anesthesia started, the GPK received a bolus of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg IV, over 2 minutes) followed by the CRI of ketamine at 30 μg/kg/min, while the GP received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl over 2 minutes followed by the CRI of 0.9% NaCl at the same rate. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic variables were recorded 15 min after initiating CRI of propofol (M0), immediately after each treatment bolus (M1), and 20 (M2) and 40 min (M3) after initiating CRI of ketamine or 0.9% NaCl solution in both groups.

Results

Cardiac index, stroke index, and peripheral vascular resistance index were not significantly different between treatments. No significant differences in left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions derived from echocardiographic variables were observed between groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

During treatment with CRI of ketamine at the proposed rate, hemodynamic parameters and echocardiographic variables, used to measure left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, were maintained stable in healthy dogs anesthetized with propofol.

目的：探讨恒速输注氯胺酮对异丙酚麻醉犬左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法临床研究。动物：16只健康的狗。方法：将犬随机分为丙泊酚氯胺酮组（GPK）和丙泊酚组（GP），每组8只。以异丙酚诱导麻醉，并以0.8 mg/kg/min的异丙酚恒速输注（CRI）维持麻醉。在整个研究过程中，所有的狗都进行了机械通气。麻醉开始35 min后，GPK组给予氯胺酮（0.5 mg/kg静脉注射，2 min以上），随后给予氯胺酮30 μg/kg/min的CRI； GP组给予相同体积的0.9% NaCl， 2 min以上，随后以相同速率给予0.9% NaCl的CRI。记录两组患者在异丙酚（M0）启动CRI后15 min、每次给药后立即（M1）、氯胺酮或0.9% NaCl溶液启动CRI后20 min （M2）和40 min （M3）的血流动力学和超声心动图指标。结果：两组患者心脏指数、卒中指数、外周血管阻力指数无显著差异。由超声心动图变量得出的左心室收缩和舒张功能在两组间无显著差异。结论及临床意义：丙泊酚麻醉的健康犬在氯胺酮CRI治疗期间，用于测量左心室收缩和舒张功能的血流动力学参数和超声心动图变量保持稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Is anti-müllerian hormone useful for monorchidism diagnosis in the tomcat? 抗<s:1>勒氏杆菌激素对诊断雄猫单兰症有用吗？

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100947

Florin Petrișor Posastiuc , Nicolae Tiberiu Constantin , Cătălin Micșa , George Nicolae , Alexandru Ilie Diaconescu , Mario Darius Codreanu , Andreea Iren Șerban , Ann Van Soom

Monorchidism is an uncommon condition in tomcats, defined by the congenital absence of one of the testicles. Due to the lack of information regarding possible biomarkers, most monorchidism cases require laparotomy in order to differentiate it from cryptorchidism. Human data suggest that monorchid patients have lower serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels when compared to cryptorchids, premises that has been also scrutinized in veterinary medicine. Here, we describe a case of monorchidism in a tomcat, focusing on the clinical findings and the dynamics of AMH serum levels before and after the removal of the singularly identified testicle. To contribute to the limited knowledge of AMH levels across different reproductive statuses in tomcats, the findings from this monorchid case were compared to values obtained from two cryptorchid tomcats (one unilateral and one bilateral), three intact tomcats, and three castrated tomcats. In addition, clinical, histopathological and ultrasound examinations were conducted in all tomcats. The AMH levels in the monorchid tomcat revealed a consistent decrease after surgery, from 27.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml when the testicle was still present, to 2.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml 1 week later, and further decreasing below the detection limit (<0.15 ng/ml) for the last 2 weeks of the trial, matching the AMH level of the castrated male. AMH serum levels of the bilateral and unilateral cryptorchid tomcat (22.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml; 24.1 ± 0.2 ng/ml) were in agreement with those of the three intact males (19.1 ± 2.2 ng/ml) and the monorchid prior to surgery. AMH testing effectively confirmed the absence of testicular tissue after unilateral orchiectomy in a monorchid tomcat but did not differentiate between monorchidism and cryptorchidism. To our knowledge, this is the first case of monorchidism in tomcats, in which AMH levels before and after surgery have been determined.

单睾丸症在雄猫中是一种罕见的疾病，由先天缺乏一个睾丸来定义。由于缺乏关于可能的生物标志物的信息，大多数单睾症病例需要剖腹手术以区分其与隐睾症。人类数据表明，与隐睾患者相比，monorchid患者的血清抗勒氏杆菌激素（AMH）水平较低，这一前提也在兽医学中得到了仔细研究。在这里，我们描述了一只雄猫的单睾丸症，重点是临床表现和AMH血清水平的动态前后的单一鉴定睾丸切除。为了对不同生殖状态下雄猫AMH水平的有限了解有所贡献，我们将本病例的结果与两只隐睾雄猫（一只单侧和一只双侧）、三只完整雄猫和三只阉割雄猫的结果进行了比较。同时对所有雄猫进行临床、组织病理学及超声检查。雄猴体内AMH水平在手术后持续下降，从睾丸未切除时的27.3±0.2 ng/ml降至1周后的2.3±0.2 ng/ml，并在检测限以下进一步下降(

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引用次数: 0

Trazodone-gabapentin association increases sedation scores with mild hemodynamic and echocardiographic impact in healthy cats 曲唑酮-加巴喷丁联用增加镇静评分，对健康猫有轻微的血流动力学和超声心动图影响。

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Topics in companion animal medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100945

Ellen Cristina Siepmann, Estela Dall’ Agnol Gianezini, Maria Eduarda Ruaro, Luciana Wolfran, Caique Aparecido Faria, Fabiola Bono Fukushima

Despite the increasing use of drugs to facilitate feline management in veterinary care, there is still a lack of information on the anxiolytic and sedative effects and their specific physiological impacts. We aimed to compare the sedative, hematological, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of oral single-dose trazodone and gabapentin, alone or in combination, in 8 healthy adult mixed-breed domestic cats on a prospective, randomized, cross-over, and placebo-controlled study. Cats were assigned to receive an oral single dose of trazodone (50 mg) (TG), gabapentin (100 mg) (GG), trazodone (50 mg) and gabapentin (100 mg) (GTG), or placebo (PG). Sedation score, physiological, hematological, biochemical, and cardiovascular variables were assessed at baseline and 120 minutes after drug administration. The mean dose of trazodone was 12.1± 1.1 mg/kg and gabapentin 24.2± 2.3 mg/kg. All data were normally distributed. Blood tests remained within the reference range, but plasma protein increased by 3.78 % in TG. Trazodone alone and associated with gabapentin significantly reduced respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure compared to baseline and placebo. GTG showed a reduction in heart rate and the highest sedation scores. Short-duration excitatory reactions were observed in 37.5 % of the cats in GTG and 12.5 % in TG. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) increased in GTG and differed statistically from GG. On ECG, no clinically relevant changes were observed. The association of trazodone (50 mg/cat) and gabapentin (100 mg/cat) increases sedation scores compared to gabapentin alone, with a mild impact on HR, RR, BP, and IVRT in cats.

尽管在兽医护理中越来越多地使用药物来促进猫的管理，但仍然缺乏关于抗焦虑和镇静作用及其特定生理影响的信息。在一项前瞻性、随机、交叉和安慰剂对照研究中，我们旨在比较单剂量曲唑酮和加巴喷丁单独或联合口服8只健康成年杂交家猫的镇静、血液学、生化和心血管作用。猫被分配接受口服单剂量曲唑酮（50毫克）（TG）、加巴喷丁（100毫克）（GG）、曲唑酮（50毫克）和加巴喷丁（100毫克）（GTG）或安慰剂（PG）。在基线和给药后120分钟评估镇静评分、生理、血液学、生化和心血管变量。曲唑酮和加巴喷丁的平均剂量分别为12.1±1.1 mg/kg和24.2±2.3 mg/kg。所有数据均为正态分布。血液测试保持在参考范围内，但血浆蛋白升高3.78%。与基线和安慰剂相比，曲唑酮单独和加巴喷丁联合显著降低呼吸频率和收缩压。GTG组心率降低，镇静评分最高。37.5%的猫在GTG组和12.5%的猫在TG组观察到短时间兴奋反应。GTG组等容积弛豫时间（IVRT）升高，与GG组差异有统计学意义，心电图未见临床相关变化。曲唑酮（50 mg/猫）和加巴喷丁（100 mg/猫）联合使用比单独使用加巴喷丁增加镇静评分，对猫的HR、RR、BP和IVRT有轻微影响。

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引用次数: 0