Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101044
Buse Öztürk, Aslıhan Ayalp-Erkan, Yusuf Bilal Çetinkaya, Tunahan Öztürk, Nevzat Saat, Barış Güner
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used in dogs to suppress estrus or prevent pregnancy. This report describes three cases in which post-mating administration of MPA resulted in failure of parturition and fetal death in hunting dogs. In all cases, MPA was administered within 1–7 days post-mating at a fixed dose of 150 mg. The dogs presented with signs of prolonged pregnancy and absence of labor. Ultrasonographic examinations confirmed the presence of non-viable fetuses, and ovariohysterectomy was performed in each case. In these dogs, serum progesterone concentrations ranged between 2.20 and 9.03 ng/mL at the time of parturition and remained within this range for up to two weeks postpartum. These hormonal alterations were likely due to exogenous MPA, which interfered with luteolysis, delaying the onset of labor. These findings underscore the importance of restricting depot progesterone use to appropriate reproductive stages to prevent iatrogenic reproductive failure and to ensure animal welfare.
{"title":"Fetal demise and delayed parturition following post-mating administration of depot progesterone for contraception in three hunting dogs","authors":"Buse Öztürk, Aslıhan Ayalp-Erkan, Yusuf Bilal Çetinkaya, Tunahan Öztürk, Nevzat Saat, Barış Güner","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used in dogs to suppress estrus or prevent pregnancy. This report describes three cases in which post-mating administration of MPA resulted in failure of parturition and fetal death in hunting dogs. In all cases, MPA was administered within 1–7 days post-mating at a fixed dose of 150 mg. The dogs presented with signs of prolonged pregnancy and absence of labor. Ultrasonographic examinations confirmed the presence of non-viable fetuses, and ovariohysterectomy was performed in each case. In these dogs, serum progesterone concentrations ranged between 2.20 and 9.03 ng/mL at the time of parturition and remained within this range for up to two weeks postpartum. These hormonal alterations were likely due to exogenous MPA, which interfered with luteolysis, delaying the onset of labor. These findings underscore the importance of restricting depot progesterone use to appropriate reproductive stages to prevent iatrogenic reproductive failure and to ensure animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report describes the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, as well as the biological behaviour, of cutaneous mast cell tumours for the first time in two Syrian hamsters. Both cases presented with a raised cutaneous mass, one in the preputial region and one on the ear pinna, respectively. The masses showed similar histological and immunohistochemical findings and were composed of solid sheets of round cells with moderate amounts of basophilic intracytoplasmic granules. These granules showed prominent metachromasia on toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells had diffuse, granular cytoplasmic labelling to anti-KIT antibody. There was no evidence of recurrence in both cases, and no metastatic lesions were observed in Case 1 on necropsy and subsequent histopathological examination, suggesting that, compared with other animals, mast cell tumours have a benign clinical course in Syrian hamsters during the initial follow-up period.
{"title":"Pathological findings, KIT expression, and clinical course of cutaneous mast cell tumours in pet Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)","authors":"Hirotaka Kondo , Iori Koizumi , Saki Kawahara , Tomosige Baba","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report describes the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, as well as the biological behaviour, of cutaneous mast cell tumours for the first time in two Syrian hamsters. Both cases presented with a raised cutaneous mass, one in the preputial region and one on the ear pinna, respectively. The masses showed similar histological and immunohistochemical findings and were composed of solid sheets of round cells with moderate amounts of basophilic intracytoplasmic granules. These granules showed prominent metachromasia on toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells had diffuse, granular cytoplasmic labelling to anti-KIT antibody. There was no evidence of recurrence in both cases, and no metastatic lesions were observed in Case 1 on necropsy and subsequent histopathological examination, suggesting that, compared with other animals, mast cell tumours have a benign clinical course in Syrian hamsters during the initial follow-up period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101042
Keerthana Santhosh , P. Preena , Sherin B. Sarangom , Y Ajith , Nongthombam Boby , Usha Narayana Pillai , S Ajithkumar , PV Tresamol
Microfilaruria is an uncommon parasitological finding in veterinary practice. This report describes three clinically distinct cases of microfilaruria in companion animals from Kerala, India, an endemic region for canine filariasis. Case 1 involved a dog with dual infection by morphologically identified Dirofilaria repens and Brugia spp., associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and hypermicrofilaremia. Case 2 involved a diabetic dog with E. coli urinary tract infection, in which microfilariae were detected in the urine sediment, likely due to glycosuria-induced epithelial compromise. This represents the first documented case of microfilaruria in a dog with concurrent diabetes mellitus. Case 3 documented the first reported occurrence of microfilaruria due to D. repens in a cat, which was likely triggered by trauma-induced urethral obstruction. All cases were managed with targeted therapy based on the primary diagnosis, combining anthelmintics, antibiotics, supportive care, and metabolic regulation. These cases suggest that microfilaruria may occur via various mechanisms, including inflammation-induced uroepithelial disruption, glomerular leakage, or local trauma. Molecular confirmation (e.g., PCR) was not performed; hence, definitive differentiation between D. repens and D. asiatica was challenging and represents a limitation of this study. The paper emphasizes the critical importance of routine, thorough urine sediment examination, even in atypical species like cats, and in animals with concurrent systemic or metabolic disorders. Early recognition of such unusual presentations may aid in timely intervention and broaden our understanding of filarial infections in veterinary clinical practice.
{"title":"Microfilaruria of morphologically identified Dirofilaria repens and Brugia spp. in one cat and two dogs: Case series","authors":"Keerthana Santhosh , P. Preena , Sherin B. Sarangom , Y Ajith , Nongthombam Boby , Usha Narayana Pillai , S Ajithkumar , PV Tresamol","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfilaruria is an uncommon parasitological finding in veterinary practice. This report describes three clinically distinct cases of microfilaruria in companion animals from Kerala, India, an endemic region for canine filariasis. Case 1 involved a dog with dual infection by morphologically identified <em>Dirofilaria repens</em> and <em>Brugia</em> spp., associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and hypermicrofilaremia. Case 2 involved a diabetic dog with <em>E. coli</em> urinary tract infection, in which microfilariae were detected in the urine sediment, likely due to glycosuria-induced epithelial compromise. This represents the first documented case of microfilaruria in a dog with concurrent diabetes mellitus. Case 3 documented the first reported occurrence of microfilaruria due to <em>D. repens</em> in a cat, which was likely triggered by trauma-induced urethral obstruction. All cases were managed with targeted therapy based on the primary diagnosis, combining anthelmintics, antibiotics, supportive care, and metabolic regulation. These cases suggest that microfilaruria may occur via various mechanisms, including inflammation-induced uroepithelial disruption, glomerular leakage, or local trauma. Molecular confirmation (e.g., PCR) was not performed; hence, definitive differentiation between <em>D. repens</em> and <em>D. asiatica</em> was challenging and represents a limitation of this study. The paper emphasizes the critical importance of routine, thorough urine sediment examination, even in atypical species like cats, and in animals with concurrent systemic or metabolic disorders. Early recognition of such unusual presentations may aid in timely intervention and broaden our understanding of filarial infections in veterinary clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101043
James Mack Fudge , Seong Eun Cho , Bernie Page , Inhyung Lee
This prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial evaluated whether infusing lidocaine with epinephrine (LE) into spermatic cords during elective feline surgical castrations improved postoperative pain control and reduced acute postoperative complications. Five hundred one apparently healthy male cats presenting for elective surgical gonadectomy to a non-for-profit high-volume spay and neuter practice were entered into the study. Cats were a combination of feral, shelter-owned, and client-owned. Cats were anesthetized using a standardized, multimodal protocol that included buprenorphine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine. Cats were randomized to receive a LE infusion or no local treatment. A Simple Descriptive Scale (SDS) was used to assess acute postoperative pain at 1 and 3 h post-anesthesia recovery, and postoperative surgery-associated complications (swelling, bruising, and/or bleeding) were recorded prior to a same-day discharge from the hospital. The duration of anesthesia recovery and the quality of the recovery (pleasant, acceptable, or unpleasant) were also evaluated.
No significant differences were observed between groups in pain scores, early complication rates, or subjective assessments of anesthesia recovery quality. Recovery durations were shorter in the LE group, although the clinical relevance of this difference (<1 min) is uncertain. Overall complication incidence and pain scores were low across groups.
These findings suggest that, under conditions of experienced surgical technique and standardized multimodal anesthesia, LE infusion does not confer any additional, significant, measurable, clinically relevant benefits in the acute postoperative period. Future studies should incorporate validated feline pain scales and longer follow-up periods, including the post-discharge period, to better evaluate the potential effects on postoperative pain and complications.
{"title":"Evaluation of a lidocaine with epinephrine infusion for reducing postoperative pain and complications in elective cat castrations","authors":"James Mack Fudge , Seong Eun Cho , Bernie Page , Inhyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial evaluated whether infusing lidocaine with epinephrine (LE) into spermatic cords during elective feline surgical castrations improved postoperative pain control and reduced acute postoperative complications. Five hundred one apparently healthy male cats presenting for elective surgical gonadectomy to a non-for-profit high-volume spay and neuter practice were entered into the study. Cats were a combination of feral, shelter-owned, and client-owned. Cats were anesthetized using a standardized, multimodal protocol that included buprenorphine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine. Cats were randomized to receive a LE infusion or no local treatment. A Simple Descriptive Scale (SDS) was used to assess acute postoperative pain at 1 and 3 h post-anesthesia recovery, and postoperative surgery-associated complications (swelling, bruising, and/or bleeding) were recorded prior to a same-day discharge from the hospital. The duration of anesthesia recovery and the quality of the recovery (pleasant, acceptable, or unpleasant) were also evaluated.</div><div>No significant differences were observed between groups in pain scores, early complication rates, or subjective assessments of anesthesia recovery quality. Recovery durations were shorter in the LE group, although the clinical relevance of this difference (<1 min) is uncertain. Overall complication incidence and pain scores were low across groups.</div><div>These findings suggest that, under conditions of experienced surgical technique and standardized multimodal anesthesia, LE infusion does not confer any additional, significant, measurable, clinically relevant benefits in the acute postoperative period. Future studies should incorporate validated feline pain scales and longer follow-up periods, including the post-discharge period, to better evaluate the potential effects on postoperative pain and complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health supplements are widely used by pet owners to provide a long and healthy life for their pets. Despite the widespread use of pet health supplements, the regulation of these products remains limited, so they are more likely to be targeted to be made as illegal products. Within this study we investigated two dog supplements used for joint care that were suspected to be illicit using a range of analytical measurement techniques. Visual inspection of the external packaging showed similarities between the real and illicit products, but there were clear differences in the blister pack and appearance of the supplements. The illicit supplements had a lower weight and increased hardness. The infra-red spectra of the real and illicit supplement were closely correlated, but there were a significantly lower amount of vitamin C, vitamin E, manganese and Omega-3 fatty acids present within the illicit tablets. Our findings showcase that the illicit tablets are falsified as they contain a lower quantity of ingredients by cutting real original tablets with bulking agents to vastly increase the yield. Our findings showcase that illicit pet supplements are being produced and sold using online marketplaces providing considerable risk to pet owners and therefore there is a need for greater awareness on the risks posed by illicit products.
{"title":"Investigating illicit dog health supplements using various analytical techniques","authors":"Ricoveer Shergill, Shakthy Sharma, Rora Wisby, Bhavik Anil Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health supplements are widely used by pet owners to provide a long and healthy life for their pets. Despite the widespread use of pet health supplements, the regulation of these products remains limited, so they are more likely to be targeted to be made as illegal products. Within this study we investigated two dog supplements used for joint care that were suspected to be illicit using a range of analytical measurement techniques. Visual inspection of the external packaging showed similarities between the real and illicit products, but there were clear differences in the blister pack and appearance of the supplements. The illicit supplements had a lower weight and increased hardness. The infra-red spectra of the real and illicit supplement were closely correlated, but there were a significantly lower amount of vitamin C, vitamin E, manganese and Omega-3 fatty acids present within the illicit tablets. Our findings showcase that the illicit tablets are falsified as they contain a lower quantity of ingredients by cutting real original tablets with bulking agents to vastly increase the yield. Our findings showcase that illicit pet supplements are being produced and sold using online marketplaces providing considerable risk to pet owners and therefore there is a need for greater awareness on the risks posed by illicit products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101040
Alice Madeira Campos Melo , Victoria Ghedin , Felipe Saab Romano , Santos Natalia Ribeiro dos , Lara Alice Pagura Pellegri , Ricardo Shoiti Ichikawa , Maria Fernanda Hussni , Antonio Carlos Paes , Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto , Sheila Canevese Rahal , Alessandra Melchert
This study aimed to assess the impact of oral glutamine supplementation in dogs infected with Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2). The dogs were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 10) received glutamine supplementation (500 mg/kg/day), and ad libitum feeding; Group 2 (control) (n = 10) received a placebo and ad libitum feeding. Group 1 dogs were significantly younger (mean 3.5 ± 0.5 months) than those in Group 2 (mean 6.3 ± 3.0 months; p = 0.036). Data from the two groups were compared at the hospital admission and discharge. No significant differences were observed between groups in body weight, physical examination parameters, body condition score, and muscle condition score at hospital admission. Group 1 had lower albumin levels than Group 2 at the initial assessment. The two groups had no difference in the number of days until the start of spontaneous feeding. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding days until clinical improvement and duration of hospitalization. However, Group 1 had a shorter duration of diarrhea (mean of 2.4 days) compared to Group 2 (mean of 4.9 days) and a better fecal score, (median 5 in Group 1; median 6.5 in Group 2). In Group 2, mortality was 10 % (1 animal), while there were no deaths in Group 1. Glutamine supplementation was beneficial in dogs with CPV-2, reducing the duration of diarrhea and improving fecal score. In conclusion, glutamine shows promise as an adjunctive treatment in the treatment of dogs with CPV-2 and warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Oral glutamine supplementation in dogs infected with canine parvovirus type 2","authors":"Alice Madeira Campos Melo , Victoria Ghedin , Felipe Saab Romano , Santos Natalia Ribeiro dos , Lara Alice Pagura Pellegri , Ricardo Shoiti Ichikawa , Maria Fernanda Hussni , Antonio Carlos Paes , Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto , Sheila Canevese Rahal , Alessandra Melchert","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the impact of oral glutamine supplementation in dogs infected with Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2). The dogs were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (<em>n</em> = 10) received glutamine supplementation (500 mg/kg/day), and <em>ad libitum</em> feeding; Group 2 (control) (<em>n</em> = 10) received a placebo and <em>ad libitum</em> feeding. Group 1 dogs were significantly younger (mean 3.5 ± 0.5 months) than those in Group 2 (mean 6.3 ± 3.0 months; <em>p</em> = 0.036). Data from the two groups were compared at the hospital admission and discharge. No significant differences were observed between groups in body weight, physical examination parameters, body condition score, and muscle condition score at hospital admission. Group 1 had lower albumin levels than Group 2 at the initial assessment. The two groups had no difference in the number of days until the start of spontaneous feeding. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding days until clinical improvement and duration of hospitalization. However, Group 1 had a shorter duration of diarrhea (mean of 2.4 days) compared to Group 2 (mean of 4.9 days) and a better fecal score, (median 5 in Group 1; median 6.5 in Group 2). In Group 2, mortality was 10 % (1 animal), while there were no deaths in Group 1. Glutamine supplementation was beneficial in dogs with CPV-2, reducing the duration of diarrhea and improving fecal score. In conclusion, glutamine shows promise as an adjunctive treatment in the treatment of dogs with CPV-2 and warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101027
Acacia Rebello Coutinho, Carolina Costa Cardoso, Mariah Gois Ceregatti, Rossana Priscilla de Souza Figueira, Fabiola de Oliveira Paes Leme, Anelise Carvalho Nepomuceno
The liver plays a vital role in the body, including the secretion of bile and the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Its evaluation is crucial for assessing patient health. In cats, liver disorders often alter organ size and structure. Abdominal ultrasound is a safe and widely accessible tool in veterinary practice, and it is key to assessing liver morphology, although its interpretation remains subjective. This study aimed to establish a standardized method for measuring the liver of cats and determine reference values for healthy young and adult animals. Clinically healthy cats without laboratory or ultrasound signs of hepatobiliary disease were included. Radiographic parameters from the literature were applied to confirm normal liver dimensions. The cats were divided into two groups according to their body condition scores: 20 with an ideal weight (Group 1) and 20 that were overweight or obese (Group 2). Standardized planes were defined for the left and right hepatic lobes. Measurements were taken three times per lobe to calculate the mean distance from the diaphragmatic surface to the caudal border of the liver. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly in their results. However, males presented higher overall mean values than females, and the left lobe was consistently longer than the right lobe. The established reference values were based on sex and lobe: in males, left lobe 3.46 ± 1.23 cm, right lobe 2.80 ± 0.88 cm; in females, left lobe 3.12 ± 1.05 cm, right lobe 2.57 ± 0.97 cm. Further studies are needed to validate ultrasonographic hepatometry and refine parameters for use in animals with liver disease.
{"title":"“Hepatometry in young and adult domestic cats using ultrasound”","authors":"Acacia Rebello Coutinho, Carolina Costa Cardoso, Mariah Gois Ceregatti, Rossana Priscilla de Souza Figueira, Fabiola de Oliveira Paes Leme, Anelise Carvalho Nepomuceno","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver plays a vital role in the body, including the secretion of bile and the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Its evaluation is crucial for assessing patient health. In cats, liver disorders often alter organ size and structure. Abdominal ultrasound is a safe and widely accessible tool in veterinary practice, and it is key to assessing liver morphology, although its interpretation remains subjective. This study aimed to establish a standardized method for measuring the liver of cats and determine reference values for healthy young and adult animals. Clinically healthy cats without laboratory or ultrasound signs of hepatobiliary disease were included. Radiographic parameters from the literature were applied to confirm normal liver dimensions. The cats were divided into two groups according to their body condition scores: 20 with an ideal weight (Group 1) and 20 that were overweight or obese (Group 2). Standardized planes were defined for the left and right hepatic lobes. Measurements were taken three times per lobe to calculate the mean distance from the diaphragmatic surface to the caudal border of the liver. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly in their results. However, males presented higher overall mean values than females, and the left lobe was consistently longer than the right lobe. The established reference values were based on sex and lobe: in males, left lobe 3.46 ± 1.23 cm, right lobe 2.80 ± 0.88 cm; in females, left lobe 3.12 ± 1.05 cm, right lobe 2.57 ± 0.97 cm. Further studies are needed to validate ultrasonographic hepatometry and refine parameters for use in animals with liver disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101028
Naianne Araújo Félix , Aldo Severino da Silva Neto , Emanueli Maria Freitas Rodrigues , Adam Leal-Lima , Diana Célia Sousa Nunes-Pinheiro , Tiago Cunha Ferreira
Dirofilaria immitis is a vector-borne zoonotic parasite of considerable veterinary and public health significance. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of D. immitis and investigate associated hematological and inflammatory changes in clinically healthy dogs from the coastal municipalities of Beberibe and Cascavel, Ceará, Brazil. Between November 2024 and March 2025, blood samples were collected from 100 clinically healthy dogs (72 from Beberibe and 28 from Cascavel). Diagnostic testing included immunochromatographic assays for D. immitis antigens and microscopic evaluation for circulating microfilariae. Seropositivity for D. immitis was detected in 17 % of dogs, while microfilariae were identified in 7 %, including one discordant case (microfilaremic but antigen-negative). Hematological analysis revealed significantly reduced lymphocyte counts (p < 0.01) and elevated total plasma protein concentrations (p < 0.05) in D. immitis-positive animals. Furthermore, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was significantly increased in infected dogs (p < 0.05), whereas neutrophil counts and other systemic inflammatory indices (NLR, SII, SIRI) exhibited non-significant upward trends. These findings indicate the silent circulation of D. immitis among clinically healthy dogs and point to early hematological and immune system alterations. Notably, the elevation of PLR may serve as a potential biomarker for subclinical immune-vascular involvement in heartworm disease. The study underscores the importance of continued regional surveillance and vector control measures to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria Immitis and assessment of systemic inflammatory indexes in apparently healthy dogs from coastal northeastern Brazil","authors":"Naianne Araújo Félix , Aldo Severino da Silva Neto , Emanueli Maria Freitas Rodrigues , Adam Leal-Lima , Diana Célia Sousa Nunes-Pinheiro , Tiago Cunha Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> is a vector-borne zoonotic parasite of considerable veterinary and public health significance. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> and investigate associated hematological and inflammatory changes in clinically healthy dogs from the coastal municipalities of Beberibe and Cascavel, Ceará, Brazil. Between November 2024 and March 2025, blood samples were collected from 100 clinically healthy dogs (72 from Beberibe and 28 from Cascavel). Diagnostic testing included immunochromatographic assays for <em>D. immitis</em> antigens and microscopic evaluation for circulating microfilariae. Seropositivity for <em>D. immitis</em> was detected in 17 % of dogs, while microfilariae were identified in 7 %, including one discordant case (microfilaremic but antigen-negative). Hematological analysis revealed significantly reduced lymphocyte counts (<em>p</em> < 0.01) and elevated total plasma protein concentrations (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in <em>D. immitis</em>-positive animals. Furthermore, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was significantly increased in infected dogs (<em>p</em> < 0.05), whereas neutrophil counts and other systemic inflammatory indices (NLR, SII, SIRI) exhibited non-significant upward trends. These findings indicate the silent circulation of <em>D. immitis</em> among clinically healthy dogs and point to early hematological and immune system alterations. Notably, the elevation of PLR may serve as a potential biomarker for subclinical immune-vascular involvement in heartworm disease. The study underscores the importance of continued regional surveillance and vector control measures to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocarriers have the ability to increase the bioavailability of drugs, decreasing the necessary dose and adverse effects. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the efficacy of analgesia provided by free meloxicam and nanoencapsulated meloxicam during both the intraoperative and postoperative phases of ovariohysterectomy (OH) in female dogs. Twenty healthy dogs were randomly allocated to the FM group (free meloxicam - 0.2 mg/kg) or to the MNano group (meloxicam loaded-nanocapsules - 0.2 mg/kg). Both groups received the formulations orally four hours before the surgical procedure. During the OH surgeries, intraoperative analgesia was measured using elevated heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The pain after surgery was measured using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and Visual Analog Scale in the first 48 hours. Platelet function was measured through a buccal mucosal bleeding time test before meloxicam administration, four hours after that administration, at the end of the OH, and 12 hours after taking the medication. In addition, creatinine was measured preoperatively, 24 and 48 hours after meloxicam administration. The distribution of rescue analgesia in the intraoperative period showed no difference between groups. No patient required supplemental analgesia in the postoperative period. There was no difference between groups in postoperative pain assessment scales, buccal mucosal bleeding time, or creatinine. However, three dogs of the FM group presented vomiting (2/10) and faecal constipation followed by haematochezia (1/10). Both free meloxicam and the new formulation of nano-encapsulated meloxicam promoted satisfactory postoperative analgesia in healthy dogs submitted to OH when administered orally, in a single dose, four hours before the surgical procedure. Only animals treated with free meloxicam had side effects related to the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period, indicating that the nanostructured formulation may be is safe and effective as an alternative to commercial products.
{"title":"Free and nanoencapsulated meloxicam as an adjuvant in intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in bicthes undergoing ovariohysterectomy","authors":"Gabriela Lugoch , Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela , Giovanna Bauer , Helloine Mariane Ribeiro Antunes , Flávia Elizabete Guerra Teixeira , Sandra Elisa Haas , Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann , Marília Teresa de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocarriers have the ability to increase the bioavailability of drugs, decreasing the necessary dose and adverse effects. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the efficacy of analgesia provided by free meloxicam and nanoencapsulated meloxicam during both the intraoperative and postoperative phases of ovariohysterectomy (OH) in female dogs. Twenty healthy dogs were randomly allocated to the FM group (free meloxicam - 0.2 mg/kg) or to the MNano group (meloxicam loaded-nanocapsules - 0.2 mg/kg). Both groups received the formulations orally four hours before the surgical procedure. During the OH surgeries, intraoperative analgesia was measured using elevated heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The pain after surgery was measured using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and Visual Analog Scale in the first 48 hours. Platelet function was measured through a buccal mucosal bleeding time test before meloxicam administration, four hours after that administration, at the end of the OH, and 12 hours after taking the medication. In addition, creatinine was measured preoperatively, 24 and 48 hours after meloxicam administration. The distribution of rescue analgesia in the intraoperative period showed no difference between groups. No patient required supplemental analgesia in the postoperative period. There was no difference between groups in postoperative pain assessment scales, buccal mucosal bleeding time, or creatinine. However, three dogs of the FM group presented vomiting (2/10) and faecal constipation followed by haematochezia (1/10). Both free meloxicam and the new formulation of nano-encapsulated meloxicam promoted satisfactory postoperative analgesia in healthy dogs submitted to OH when administered orally, in a single dose, four hours before the surgical procedure. Only animals treated with free meloxicam had side effects related to the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period, indicating that the nanostructured formulation may be is safe and effective as an alternative to commercial products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101025
Yordan Fernández , María C. Luna , Marcos Fernández , Antonio Meléndez-Lazo
A 12-year-old female, neutered, crossbreed dog was diagnosed by its primary care practice with severe Babesia vulpes infection, based on positive PCR testing, three weeks after elective splenectomy for splenic nodules identified on abdominal ultrasound. Despite treatment with standard antiprotozoal therapy, glucocorticoids, and three blood transfusions, anaemia persisted, becoming non-regenerative and prompting referral. Upon presentation, the dog exhibited pale mucous membranes and was hyperthermic. Blood tests revealed a regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperferritinaemia and elevated liver enzyme activity. Coombs’ testing was negative, and thoracic and abdominal imaging were unremarkable. A repeated Babesia vulpes PCR was positive and screening for other infectious diseases was negative. Bone marrow cytology and histopathology showed generalised hyperplasia, with macrophages comprising ≥3% of the total nucleated cells. These macrophages displayed prominent erythrophagia and, to a lesser extent, engulfment of mature neutrophils, platelets, and nucleated red blood cells. Therefore, a diagnosis of haemophagocytic syndrome associated with a severe Babesia vulpes infection was made. The dog received double immunosuppressive therapy, a combination of antiprotozoal drugs and a further three blood transfusions. The thrombocytopenia quickly resolved, with the anaemia improving ten days later. The antiprotozoal and immunosuppressive therapies were eventually discontinued without relapse of the babesiosis and repeated Babesia vulpes PCR testing was negative. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to describe the successful treatment of a splenectomised dog with severe Babesia vulpes infection complicated by haemophagocytic syndrome.
{"title":"Successful treatment of a dog with a severe Babesia vulpes infection and associated haemophagocytic syndrome after splenectomy","authors":"Yordan Fernández , María C. Luna , Marcos Fernández , Antonio Meléndez-Lazo","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 12-year-old female, neutered, crossbreed dog was diagnosed by its primary care practice with severe <em>Babesia vulpes</em> infection, based on positive PCR testing, three weeks after elective splenectomy for splenic nodules identified on abdominal ultrasound. Despite treatment with standard antiprotozoal therapy, glucocorticoids, and three blood transfusions, anaemia persisted, becoming non-regenerative and prompting referral. Upon presentation, the dog exhibited pale mucous membranes and was hyperthermic. Blood tests revealed a regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperferritinaemia and elevated liver enzyme activity. Coombs’ testing was negative, and thoracic and abdominal imaging were unremarkable. A repeated <em>Babesia vulpes</em> PCR was positive and screening for other infectious diseases was negative. Bone marrow cytology and histopathology showed generalised hyperplasia, with macrophages comprising ≥3% of the total nucleated cells. These macrophages displayed prominent erythrophagia and, to a lesser extent, engulfment of mature neutrophils, platelets, and nucleated red blood cells. Therefore, a diagnosis of haemophagocytic syndrome associated with a severe <em>Babesia vulpes</em> infection was made. The dog received double immunosuppressive therapy, a combination of antiprotozoal drugs and a further three blood transfusions. The thrombocytopenia quickly resolved, with the anaemia improving ten days later. The antiprotozoal and immunosuppressive therapies were eventually discontinued without relapse of the babesiosis and repeated <em>Babesia vulpes</em> PCR testing was negative. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to describe the successful treatment of a splenectomised dog with severe <em>Babesia vulpes</em> infection complicated by haemophagocytic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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