Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101024
Ramandeep Kaur , B V Sunil Kumar , Kuldip Gupta , Ashwani Kumar
The objective of the current research was to assess osteopontin (OPN) as a biomarker of canine mammary tumors (CMT). Twenty CMT tissues were collected post-surgery. Blood samples were also collected from the same dogs as well as healthy tumor free dogs and serum was harvested. Fragment encoding the immunodominant region of canine osteopontin (693 bp) was cloned and expressed as a HISx6 – tagged protein in a prokaryotic expression system using pPROEX-HTa vector. A 26 kDa recombinant osteopontin (rOPN) was expressed, purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and assessed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. In order to optimize a sandwich ELISA for the relative assessment of circulating OPN in the sera of dogs with mammary tumors, hyperimmune sera were produced against the expressed protein in rabbits and mice. The developed sELISA was found to be 90 % specific and 85 % sensitive with respect to histopathological examination in detecting CMT. The circulating levels of OPN were significantly elevated in dogs with mammary tumors as compared to the healthy animals. The results suggest that OPN can serve as a serum biomarker of CMT.
{"title":"Serum osteopontin level is elevated in dogs with mammary carcinomas","authors":"Ramandeep Kaur , B V Sunil Kumar , Kuldip Gupta , Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the current research was to assess osteopontin (OPN) as a biomarker of canine mammary tumors (CMT). Twenty CMT tissues were collected post-surgery. Blood samples were also collected from the same dogs as well as healthy tumor free dogs and serum was harvested. Fragment encoding the immunodominant region of canine osteopontin (693 bp) was cloned and expressed as a HISx6 – tagged protein in a prokaryotic expression system using pPROEX-HTa vector. A 26 kDa recombinant osteopontin (rOPN) was expressed, purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and assessed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. In order to optimize a sandwich ELISA for the relative assessment of circulating OPN in the sera of dogs with mammary tumors, hyperimmune sera were produced against the expressed protein in rabbits and mice. The developed sELISA was found to be 90 % specific and 85 % sensitive with respect to histopathological examination in detecting CMT. The circulating levels of OPN were significantly elevated in dogs with mammary tumors as compared to the healthy animals. The results suggest that OPN can serve as a serum biomarker of CMT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101022
Mădălina Florina Gherman Dragomir , Anita Fehér , Iosif Vasiu , Daniela Neagu , William McCartney , Ciprian Andrei Ober
The current case aims to report the physiotherapy management and long-term outcomes of femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHNO) performed on a geriatric dog with pelvic-contralateral limb amputation. A 10-year-old, 36 kg mixed-breed castrated male dog with an amputated left hind limb was referred to our department for pain and lameness in the right hind limb. The dog was diagnosed with end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA) and required an FHNO, as total hip replacement (THR) was not pursued due to financial constraints. Two weeks after the surgical intervention, the dog was still experiencing difficulty moving without support. Therefore, a physiotherapy protocol was initiated, consisting of weekly hydrotherapy sessions to promote muscle growth and strength, zonal laser therapy to manage joint pain, and systemic administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nutraceutical joint supplements, and oral cannabis oil. Hydrotherapy was associated with a 5 cm increase in thigh circumference after eight sessions, indicating improved muscle mass and strength. After two months of physiotherapy, the dog showed considerable improvement and was able to walk independently. The owner was pleased with the long-term outcome. Physiotherapy led to positive clinical outcomes, including improved muscle strength and gait, with a favorable prognosis after 14 months of follow-up. Physiotherapy should be considered in dogs with severe hip OA managed by FHNO when the contralateral pelvic limb is amputated.
{"title":"Successful physiotherapy management of a geriatric dog with femoral head ostectomy (FHNO) and concurrent posterior contralateral limb amputation","authors":"Mădălina Florina Gherman Dragomir , Anita Fehér , Iosif Vasiu , Daniela Neagu , William McCartney , Ciprian Andrei Ober","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current case aims to report the physiotherapy management and long-term outcomes of femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHNO) performed on a geriatric dog with pelvic-contralateral limb amputation. A 10-year-old, 36 kg mixed-breed castrated male dog with an amputated left hind limb was referred to our department for pain and lameness in the right hind limb. The dog was diagnosed with end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA) and required an FHNO, as total hip replacement (THR) was not pursued due to financial constraints. Two weeks after the surgical intervention, the dog was still experiencing difficulty moving without support. Therefore, a physiotherapy protocol was initiated, consisting of weekly hydrotherapy sessions to promote muscle growth and strength, zonal laser therapy to manage joint pain, and systemic administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nutraceutical joint supplements, and oral cannabis oil. Hydrotherapy was associated with a 5 cm increase in thigh circumference after eight sessions, indicating improved muscle mass and strength. After two months of physiotherapy, the dog showed considerable improvement and was able to walk independently. The owner was pleased with the long-term outcome. Physiotherapy led to positive clinical outcomes, including improved muscle strength and gait, with a favorable prognosis after 14 months of follow-up. Physiotherapy should be considered in dogs with severe hip OA managed by FHNO when the contralateral pelvic limb is amputated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101023
Mônica Slaviero , Bruno A de Almeida , Lucas T de Castro , Welden Panziera , Saulo P Pavarini , David Driemeier , Luciana Sonne
Feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) are the primary causative agents of respiratory disease in cats. Although fatal respiratory disease is frequently observed in routine pathological diagnostics, the role of viral involvement is rarely investigated. This study aimed to assess the involvement of FHV and FCV in necropsied cats with fatal respiratory disease using immunohistochemistry, and to characterize the affected tissues, along pathological and epidemiological findings of the positive cats. Sixty cats were assessed. Immunolabeling for FHV was observed in 12 cats, for FCV in seven cats, and for both viruses in three cats. These FHV and FCV-positive cats (n = 22) were included in the study. Co-infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) was observed in 14 cats (six FeLV-positive, four FIV-positive, and four FeLV and FIV-positive). Gross lesions were mainly restricted to the respiratory and upper digestive tracts. Histological analysis revealed that the affected tissues included the nasal and oral cavities, esophagus, larynx, trachea, and lungs. All FCV-positive cats and most FHV-positive cats presented erosive, ulcerative, and fibrinonecrotic lesions in the upper respiratory/digestive tracts, concomitant with pneumonia (18/22). The remaining 4/22 cats, all infected with FHV, had lesions restricted to the upper respiratory tract. FHV-positive cats showed a bronchointerstitial pneumonia, whereas FCV-positive cats exhibited a fibrinosuppurative pneumonia. This study highlights pneumonia as an important cause of death in cats with FCV and FHV infection, particularly in those co-infected with retroviruses. It also emphasizes the importance of collecting samples from the respiratory and upper digestive tracts during necropsy and using immunohistochemistry to confirm the involvement of viral infectious agents—even in adult and aging cats. The findings of this study may contribute to further investigations into feline respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Feline herpesvirus and calicivirus: Occurrence and pathology in cats with respiratory disease","authors":"Mônica Slaviero , Bruno A de Almeida , Lucas T de Castro , Welden Panziera , Saulo P Pavarini , David Driemeier , Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) are the primary causative agents of respiratory disease in cats. Although fatal respiratory disease is frequently observed in routine pathological diagnostics, the role of viral involvement is rarely investigated. This study aimed to assess the involvement of FHV and FCV in necropsied cats with fatal respiratory disease using immunohistochemistry, and to characterize the affected tissues, along pathological and epidemiological findings of the positive cats. Sixty cats were assessed. Immunolabeling for FHV was observed in 12 cats, for FCV in seven cats, and for both viruses in three cats. These FHV and FCV-positive cats (<em>n</em> = 22) were included in the study. Co-infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) was observed in 14 cats (six FeLV-positive, four FIV-positive, and four FeLV and FIV-positive). Gross lesions were mainly restricted to the respiratory and upper digestive tracts. Histological analysis revealed that the affected tissues included the nasal and oral cavities, esophagus, larynx, trachea, and lungs. All FCV-positive cats and most FHV-positive cats presented erosive, ulcerative, and fibrinonecrotic lesions in the upper respiratory/digestive tracts, concomitant with pneumonia (18/22). The remaining 4/22 cats, all infected with FHV, had lesions restricted to the upper respiratory tract. FHV-positive cats showed a bronchointerstitial pneumonia, whereas FCV-positive cats exhibited a fibrinosuppurative pneumonia. This study highlights pneumonia as an important cause of death in cats with FCV and FHV infection, particularly in those co-infected with retroviruses. It also emphasizes the importance of collecting samples from the respiratory and upper digestive tracts during necropsy and using immunohistochemistry to confirm the involvement of viral infectious agents—even in adult and aging cats. The findings of this study may contribute to further investigations into feline respiratory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101019
Kaitlyn Crocker , Stephanie Kline , Dario d’Ovidio , Nicola Di Girolamo , Julianne E. McCready , João Brandão
Inguinal herniation of the urinary bladder through the inguinal rings of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been well-described in veterinary literature due to the inguinal rings remaining open throughout the lifespan of adult males. Midline body wall herniation has also been described in several veterinary species due to a variety of etiologies, including trauma, incisional dehiscence, and congenital anomalies. This phenomenon has not previously been described in rabbits. This case series describes three adult male intact rabbits that presented to three separate institutions with a swelling on ventral midline of unknown etiology. One rabbit had decreased food intake, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence prior to presentation; one rabbit was lethargic and unwilling to move; and one rabbit presented without clinical signs. Herniation of the urinary bladder was diagnosed via imaging in each case and surgical repair was elected. During surgical dissection of the hernial sac, it was discovered one rabbit had a herniated loop of small intestine as well. In each case, the inguinal rings were identified separately, the margins of the body wall defect were excised, and the body wall was reconstructed. This presentation required an altered surgical approach compared to inguinal ring herniorrhaphy procedures that have previously been described in rabbits. One rabbit had worsening of pre-existing azotemia after the procedure. Surgical complications, including recurrence of herniation, were not observed in these three rabbits. Midline body wall herniation of the urinary bladder should be considered as a differential diagnosis in rabbits with caudal abdominal and/or inguinal swelling or clinical signs of urinary disease.
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of inguinal midline abdominal wall herniation of the urinary bladder in three domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"Kaitlyn Crocker , Stephanie Kline , Dario d’Ovidio , Nicola Di Girolamo , Julianne E. McCready , João Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inguinal herniation of the urinary bladder through the inguinal rings of domestic rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) has been well-described in veterinary literature due to the inguinal rings remaining open throughout the lifespan of adult males. Midline body wall herniation has also been described in several veterinary species due to a variety of etiologies, including trauma, incisional dehiscence, and congenital anomalies. This phenomenon has not previously been described in rabbits. This case series describes three adult male intact rabbits that presented to three separate institutions with a swelling on ventral midline of unknown etiology. One rabbit had decreased food intake, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence prior to presentation; one rabbit was lethargic and unwilling to move; and one rabbit presented without clinical signs. Herniation of the urinary bladder was diagnosed via imaging in each case and surgical repair was elected. During surgical dissection of the hernial sac, it was discovered one rabbit had a herniated loop of small intestine as well. In each case, the inguinal rings were identified separately, the margins of the body wall defect were excised, and the body wall was reconstructed. This presentation required an altered surgical approach compared to inguinal ring herniorrhaphy procedures that have previously been described in rabbits. One rabbit had worsening of pre-existing azotemia after the procedure. Surgical complications, including recurrence of herniation, were not observed in these three rabbits. Midline body wall herniation of the urinary bladder should be considered as a differential diagnosis in rabbits with caudal abdominal and/or inguinal swelling or clinical signs of urinary disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101020
Alexa Wing , Taylr Wells , Patrice Witschen , Michaela Botts , Jenelle Sharpley , Miranda J. Sadar
A 4-year-old, 0.81 kg, female intact, American guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was presented for a one-day history of perianal swelling. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of 2 out of 9, a distended abdomen that was painful on palpation, an abnormal vulvar conformation that was enlarged, edematous, ulcerated, and erythematous with adhered foreign material, and a 1 × 1 cm firm mass of the right mammary gland. Hematology revealed a marked lymphocytosis and heterophilia, and a biochemistry panel revealed elevated albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and sodium. Radiographs and abdominal ultrasound showed a caudal abdominal mass effect, edematous enlargement throughout the urogenital tract, a mass effect in the right mammary gland, gas distention of the cecum and stomach, and a markedly thickened urinary bladder wall with probable uroliths and mineralized sediment. Due to the extent of disease, euthanasia was elected and a necropsy with histopathology was performed. On gross examination the vulva and surrounding tissues were firm and swollen, bilateral masses were identified expanding each mammary fat pad, and the inguinal and mandibular lymph nodes were bilaterally enlarged. Histopathologic examination revealed a monomorphic population of neoplastic lymphocytes effacing the uterus, broad ligament, vulva, kidneys, urinary bladder, lung, liver, heart, leptomeninges, thyroid, and bone marrow. The diagnosis was determined to be disseminated B-cell lymphoma via PAX5 immunohistochemistry. This is the first case of disseminated B-cell lymphoma in a guinea pig that predominantly affected the urogenital tract. Lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in guinea pigs with perineal enlargement.
{"title":"Disseminated B-cell lymphoma of the urogenital tract in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Alexa Wing , Taylr Wells , Patrice Witschen , Michaela Botts , Jenelle Sharpley , Miranda J. Sadar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 4-year-old, 0.81 kg, female intact, American guinea pig (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) was presented for a one-day history of perianal swelling. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of 2 out of 9, a distended abdomen that was painful on palpation, an abnormal vulvar conformation that was enlarged, edematous, ulcerated, and erythematous with adhered foreign material, and a 1 × 1 cm firm mass of the right mammary gland. Hematology revealed a marked lymphocytosis and heterophilia, and a biochemistry panel revealed elevated albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and sodium. Radiographs and abdominal ultrasound showed a caudal abdominal mass effect, edematous enlargement throughout the urogenital tract, a mass effect in the right mammary gland, gas distention of the cecum and stomach, and a markedly thickened urinary bladder wall with probable uroliths and mineralized sediment. Due to the extent of disease, euthanasia was elected and a necropsy with histopathology was performed. On gross examination the vulva and surrounding tissues were firm and swollen, bilateral masses were identified expanding each mammary fat pad, and the inguinal and mandibular lymph nodes were bilaterally enlarged. Histopathologic examination revealed a monomorphic population of neoplastic lymphocytes effacing the uterus, broad ligament, vulva, kidneys, urinary bladder, lung, liver, heart, leptomeninges, thyroid, and bone marrow. The diagnosis was determined to be disseminated B-cell lymphoma via PAX5 immunohistochemistry. This is the first case of disseminated B-cell lymphoma in a guinea pig that predominantly affected the urogenital tract. Lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in guinea pigs with perineal enlargement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101010
Iro Evangelia Vlachomitrou, Saffron Dholakia, Oliver Joe Williams, Roser Tetas Pont, Charlotte Dawson
Purpose
To investigate the relationship between UST (total ultrasound time), AVG (average ultrasonic power) and EPT (effective phacoemulsification time) with visual outcome and the most common surgery-related complications post phacoemulsification. Additionally to identify whether postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly different between visual and non-visual eyes.
Methods
Medical records of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery between 2018 and 2024 were reviewed. Patients were included if UST, AVG and EPT were recorded, and data were available for six months postoperatively. Ultrasound time, AVG and EPT were compared with the number of postoperative complications, presence/absence of any complications and presence/absence of the most common individual complications at each timepoint. Additionally, EPT was compared in diabetic versus all other cataracts; a general linear mixed model approach was used for the statistical analysis. A permutation approach was used for analysis of IOPs by vision status.
Results
There was a significant relationship between higher number of complications and higher UST (p=0.017) and EPT (p=0.001) in the first week postoperatively. At one month postoperatively, there was no significant relationship between UST, AVG or EPT and the number of complications. However, when comparing dogs with and without complications, UST (p=0.032) and EPT (p=0.019) were significantly higher in eyes with complications. The non-visual eyes had significantly higher UST and EPT at the one and six months, respectively. Between the end of the first month and up to six months postoperatively 158 (86.4%) eyes were visual. At all time points, non-visual eyes had significantly higher IOP. Diabetic cataracts required significantly lower EPT.
Conclusion
Increases in UST and EPT are associated with higher numbers of complications at one week postoperatively. Eyes that developed complications at one month postoperatively are associated with higher UST and EPT.
{"title":"The effect of total ultrasound time, average ultrasonic power, and effective phacoemulsification time on post-operative outcomes in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification surgery","authors":"Iro Evangelia Vlachomitrou, Saffron Dholakia, Oliver Joe Williams, Roser Tetas Pont, Charlotte Dawson","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between UST (total ultrasound time), AVG (average ultrasonic power) and EPT (effective phacoemulsification time) with visual outcome and the most common surgery-related complications post phacoemulsification. Additionally to identify whether postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly different between visual and non-visual eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Medical records of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery between 2018 and 2024 were reviewed. Patients were included if UST, AVG and EPT were recorded, and data were available for six months postoperatively. Ultrasound time, AVG and EPT were compared with the number of postoperative complications, presence/absence of any complications and presence/absence of the most common individual complications at each timepoint. Additionally, EPT was compared in diabetic versus all other cataracts; a general linear mixed model approach was used for the statistical analysis. A permutation approach was used for analysis of IOPs by vision status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant relationship between higher number of complications and higher UST (p=0.017) and EPT (p=0.001) in the first week postoperatively. At one month postoperatively, there was no significant relationship between UST, AVG or EPT and the number of complications. However, when comparing dogs with and without complications, UST (p=0.032) and EPT (p=0.019) were significantly higher in eyes with complications. The non-visual eyes had significantly higher UST and EPT at the one and six months, respectively. Between the end of the first month and up to six months postoperatively 158 (86.4%) eyes were visual. At all time points, non-visual eyes had significantly higher IOP. Diabetic cataracts required significantly lower EPT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Increases in UST and EPT are associated with higher numbers of complications at one week postoperatively. Eyes that developed complications at one month postoperatively are associated with higher UST and EPT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101008
Fanyuan Sun , Xin Huang , Bohong Li , Huabo Zhou , Jianming Long , Yifeng Qin , Kang Ouyang , Zuzhang Wei , Weijian Huang , Ying Chen
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and its canine-adapted derivative, canine parvovirus (CPV), cause severe gastroenteritis in their respective hosts. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and cross-species transmission of these viruses, we conducted a large-scale surveillance study in Guangxi, China. From 1257 fecal samples from dogs (n = 552) and domestic cats (n = 705), we obtained 86 VP2 gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three CPV subtypes circulating in dogs: New-CPV-2a (5.3 %, 3/57), New-CPV-2b (1.8 %, 1/57), and the predominant CPV-2c (93.0 %, 53/57), all clustering with contemporary Asian strains. These variants exhibited 17 amino acid substitutions in the VP2 capsid protein, including key residues associated with host adaptation and antigenic variation. Crucially, we detected five CPV-2c strains in domestic cats that contained the S564N and G568A mutations in VP2-residues previously implicated in feline host adaptation. While FPV-G3 (79.2 %) remained predominant in cats, the emergence of CPV-2c in felines demonstrates active cross-species transmission. Our study demonstrates the complex molecular epidemiology of parvoviruses in southern China and documents the expanding host range of CPV-2c. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance using whole-genome sequencing to track viral evolution and inform vaccine development.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of parvoviruses in dogs and domestic cats in Guangxi, China: new emergence of CPV-2c in cats","authors":"Fanyuan Sun , Xin Huang , Bohong Li , Huabo Zhou , Jianming Long , Yifeng Qin , Kang Ouyang , Zuzhang Wei , Weijian Huang , Ying Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and its canine-adapted derivative, canine parvovirus (CPV), cause severe gastroenteritis in their respective hosts. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and cross-species transmission of these viruses, we conducted a large-scale surveillance study in Guangxi, China. From 1257 fecal samples from dogs (<em>n</em> = 552) and domestic cats (<em>n</em> = 705), we obtained 86 VP2 gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three CPV subtypes circulating in dogs: New-CPV-2a (5.3 %, 3/57), New-CPV-2b (1.8 %, 1/57), and the predominant CPV-2c (93.0 %, 53/57), all clustering with contemporary Asian strains. These variants exhibited 17 amino acid substitutions in the VP2 capsid protein, including key residues associated with host adaptation and antigenic variation. Crucially, we detected five CPV-2c strains in domestic cats that contained the S564N and G568A mutations in VP2-residues previously implicated in feline host adaptation. While FPV-G3 (79.2 %) remained predominant in cats, the emergence of CPV-2c in felines demonstrates active cross-species transmission. Our study demonstrates the complex molecular epidemiology of parvoviruses in southern China and documents the expanding host range of CPV-2c. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance using whole-genome sequencing to track viral evolution and inform vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101009
Harkirat Kaur, Harkirat Singh, Jyoti, Nirbhay K. Singh
The present study aims at development, standardization and application of Rode Trypanozoon antigenic type 1.2 variant surface glycoprotein (RoTat 1.2 VSG) gene based-PCR assay for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi in dogs of Punjab state, India. The prevalence rate was evaluated by screening 482 canine blood samples collected from various districts by microscopy and the standardized PCR assay. The T. evansi prevalence was estimated as 0.21 % (1/482) and 1.45 % (7/482) with microscopy and PCR assay, respectively. The comparative analysis of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay with microscopy revealed ″fair″ agreement by kappa value statistics between the two tests with a statistically significant (p<0.05) variation. Assessment of risk factors (age, breed, location, season and sex) associated with T. evansi infection, recorded a significant (p<0.05) correlation with age of host. The cladistics genetic diversity analysis of generated sequence data of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene exhibited 99.9-100.0 % homology among various T. evansi isolates of dogs. In the present study 03 sequences of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab isolates were generated and used for the haplotype network analysis along with 16 T. evansi GenBank archived sequences. The sequences from India corresponding to different hosts revealed 09 haplotypes.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infections in dogs using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab state, India","authors":"Harkirat Kaur, Harkirat Singh, Jyoti, Nirbhay K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims at development, standardization and application of Rode Trypanozoon antigenic type 1.2 variant surface glycoprotein (RoTat 1.2 VSG) gene based-PCR assay for the detection of <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> in dogs of Punjab state, India. The prevalence rate was evaluated by screening 482 canine blood samples collected from various districts by microscopy and the standardized PCR assay. The <em>T. evansi</em> prevalence was estimated as 0.21 % (1/482) and 1.45 % (7/482) with microscopy and PCR assay, respectively. The comparative analysis of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay with microscopy revealed ″fair″ agreement by kappa value statistics between the two tests with a statistically significant (<em>p</em><0.05) variation. Assessment of risk factors (age, breed, location, season and sex) associated with <em>T. evansi</em> infection, recorded a significant (<em>p</em><0.05) correlation with age of host. The cladistics genetic diversity analysis of generated sequence data of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene exhibited 99.9-100.0 % homology among various <em>T. evansi</em> isolates of dogs. In the present study 03 sequences of RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab isolates were generated and used for the haplotype network analysis along with 16 <em>T. evansi</em> GenBank archived sequences. The sequences from India corresponding to different hosts revealed 09 haplotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101005
Guilherme Lopes da Silva , Christian Henrique Conceição Ribeiro , Natalia Kamaroski da Silva , Peterson Triches Dornbusch
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in dogs, characterized by recurrent seizure episodes that can significantly impact quality of life. This retrospective study analyzed 116 dogs treated in 2023 and 2024, evaluating clinical and epidemiological factors associated with epilepsy and other neurological conditions. Data were collected from clinical consultations, laboratory tests, and imaging exams. Idiopathic epilepsy was the most frequent cause of seizures, primarily affecting young adult dogs (mean age: 5.27 ± 2.75 years), with no significant sex predisposition (p > 0.05). Mixed-breed dogs were the most commonly affected, although certain pure breeds - such as French Bulldogs, Siberian Huskies, and Yorkshire Terriers - showed increased representation. Ischemic stroke was rare, reinforcing that seizures are not a predominant manifestation of this condition. Intracranial tumors were mainly observed in elderly dogs (aged over 10 years), with meningioma being the most common, underscoring the importance of early neurological evaluation. This study contributes to a better understanding of epilepsy in dogs in southern Brazil, supporting differential diagnosis and clinical decision-making. The findings also highlight the importance of advanced diagnostics and individualized treatment plans. Given the complexity of epilepsy, further research is needed to improve understanding of its causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the prognosis and quality of life of affected dogs.
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical insights into canine epilepsy: A retrospective study in southern Brazil","authors":"Guilherme Lopes da Silva , Christian Henrique Conceição Ribeiro , Natalia Kamaroski da Silva , Peterson Triches Dornbusch","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in dogs, characterized by recurrent seizure episodes that can significantly impact quality of life. This retrospective study analyzed 116 dogs treated in 2023 and 2024, evaluating clinical and epidemiological factors associated with epilepsy and other neurological conditions. Data were collected from clinical consultations, laboratory tests, and imaging exams. Idiopathic epilepsy was the most frequent cause of seizures, primarily affecting young adult dogs (mean age: 5.27 ± 2.75 years), with no significant sex predisposition (<em>p</em> > 0.05). Mixed-breed dogs were the most commonly affected, although certain pure breeds - such as French Bulldogs, Siberian Huskies, and Yorkshire Terriers - showed increased representation. Ischemic stroke was rare, reinforcing that seizures are not a predominant manifestation of this condition. Intracranial tumors were mainly observed in elderly dogs (aged over 10 years), with meningioma being the most common, underscoring the importance of early neurological evaluation. This study contributes to a better understanding of epilepsy in dogs in southern Brazil, supporting differential diagnosis and clinical decision-making. The findings also highlight the importance of advanced diagnostics and individualized treatment plans. Given the complexity of epilepsy, further research is needed to improve understanding of its causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the prognosis and quality of life of affected dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101006
Canan Güven , Iraz Akış
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are infectious, fatal, neurodegenerative diseases that affect both humans and animals. They occur as a result of misfolding of prion protein. In some species, variations in prion protein gene (PRNP) were associated with susceptibility to prion diseases. To date, only a few studies have investigated prion protein in cats. For this reason, this study aims to identify feline PRNP polymorphisms in random-bred cats. DNA isolation, PCR and 922 bp amplicon sequencing were performed in order to detect PRNP gene variants in 74 cat samples collected from Istanbul, north-western part of Turkey. Results were evaluated by using SPSS 25.0, HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS 1.05, DnaSP v6, SRPLOT and PHYLOVIZ Online. In total, eleven polymorphisms including 10 SNPs and a 27 bp in/del polymorphism in the tandem repeat region were observed. Three of these SNPs, c.201C>A, c.225C>T, c.228A>C, were detected for the first time. All SNPs in the open reading frame were synonymous, so no amino acid variation was detected in the prion protein sequence. A total of 28 haplotypes were observed, including 8 major haplotypes with frequencies ≥ 0.05. The results indicating that the prion protein is conserved in cats from north-western Turkey, in contrast to other samples from this country, point to possible differences in the PRNP gene between relatively closely located populations.
{"title":"Highly conserved prion protein sequences in random bred cats with three novel synonymous PRNP gene variants","authors":"Canan Güven , Iraz Akış","doi":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcam.2025.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are infectious, fatal, neurodegenerative diseases that affect both humans and animals. They occur as a result of misfolding of prion protein. In some species, variations in prion protein gene (<em>PRNP</em>) were associated with susceptibility to prion diseases. To date, only a few studies have investigated prion protein in cats. For this reason, this study aims to identify feline <em>PRNP</em> polymorphisms in random-bred cats. DNA isolation, PCR and 922 bp amplicon sequencing were performed in order to detect <em>PRNP</em> gene variants in 74 cat samples collected from Istanbul, north-western part of Turkey. Results were evaluated by using SPSS 25.0, HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS 1.05, DnaSP v6, SRPLOT and PHYLOVIZ Online. In total, eleven polymorphisms including 10 SNPs and a 27 bp in/del polymorphism in the tandem repeat region were observed. Three of these SNPs, c.201C>A, c.225C>T, c.228A>C, were detected for the first time. All SNPs in the open reading frame were synonymous, so no amino acid variation was detected in the prion protein sequence. A total of 28 haplotypes were observed, including 8 major haplotypes with frequencies ≥ 0.05. The results indicating that the prion protein is conserved in cats from north-western Turkey, in contrast to other samples from this country, point to possible differences in the <em>PRNP</em> gene between relatively closely located populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23144,"journal":{"name":"Topics in companion animal medicine","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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