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Vaccination misinformation and social media 疫苗接种错误信息和社交媒体
Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i2.1873
P. R. Vasconcellos-Silva
N/A
N/A
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引用次数: 0
What would it take? A plea to reassess our hospitality practices as a global health issue 这需要付出什么代价?呼吁重新评估我们的招待做法,将其视为全球健康问题
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1752
Stéphanie Larchanché
Editorial
编辑
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引用次数: 0
Teaching planetary health to medical students in the United Kingdom: A snapshot 向英国医科学生教授行星健康:快照
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1673
A. Gatrad, J. Carless
In 2022 a new curriculum for medical students at universities in the U.K. was mandated which included teaching planetary health. In this paper the authors relate their experiences of introducing a sustainability agenda two years before this time, using planetary boundaries as a teaching tool at the Manor Hospital in Walsall, U.K. Planetary health is taught with constant relevance to how it can affect health and society. The content of the teaching material evolved over a few months until very positive feedback from students was received, who also suggested that more should be done to raise awareness of sustainability in their university. Finally challenges to this innovative venture are discussed.                            
2022年,英国大学为医科学生开设了一门新课程,其中包括教授地球健康。在本文中,作者介绍了他们在此之前两年引入可持续发展议程的经验,他们在英国沃尔索尔的马诺医院使用行星边界作为教学工具,教授行星健康,并始终与它如何影响健康和社会相关。教材的内容在几个月的时间里不断发展,直到收到学生们非常积极的反馈,他们还建议应该做更多的工作来提高他们大学对可持续发展的认识。最后讨论了这一创新事业面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The barriers to healthcare access and their impact on health outcomes for people medically uninsured in Canada: A scoping review 加拿大没有医疗保险的人获得医疗保健的障碍及其对健康结果的影响:范围审查
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1718
E. Gucciardi, Ani Merzaian, Molly Muck, Johnny Zhao, Annika McDowell, P. Caulford, Paige Alliston, S. Guruge
Objective: The objective of the scoping review was to summarize the current literature on the barriers to healthcare access and its impact on health outcomes for people who are medically uninsured (including those with precarious or no immigration status) in Canada; identify gaps in the existing knowledge; and highlight implications for practice and policy. Methods: We undertook a systematic search in the electronic databases of PsycInfo, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published in English reporting information about barriers to healthcare access or its impact on health among people with precarious immigration status in Canada. Relevant themes emerging from the included studies were reviewed by the research team and organized into three levels of barriers to accessing healthcare. Results: Ten articles were included in this scoping review. Our review found that individuals living with precarious or no immigration status and being denied public health insurance experienced significant obstructions to accessing healthcare services, the result of policy, interpersonal and intrapersonal-level barriers. These barriers include ineligibility for provincial or federal healthcare insurance, negative interactions with healthcare providers, fear of interacting with public services and lack of sufficient income to pay for out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. This resulted in unmet healthcare needs, negative and worsening health outcomes, avoidance of formal healthcare institutions and reliance on emergency care services caused by delays in help-seeking. Conclusions: People who are medically uninsured in Canada experience avoidable negative health outcomes, including higher risk of death because of barriers to access to healthcare. Provincial healthcare insurance should be available for these vulnerable groups to avoid unnecessary health problems and complications and to reduce the burden on the healthcare system. New (im)migrants should receive education on their right to receive health services, and healthcare providers must receive training on how to best support the health and wellbeing of this population.
目的:范围审查的目的是总结目前关于加拿大医疗无保险人群(包括不稳定或无移民身份的人)获得医疗保健的障碍及其对健康结果的影响的文献;识别现有知识中的空白;并强调对实践和政策的影响。方法:系统检索PsycInfo、MEDLINE (Ovid)、CINAHL、ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health、Web of Science和ProQuest disserds and Theses Global等电子数据库。纳入标准包括以英文发表的文章,报告有关加拿大移民身份不稳定的人获得医疗保健的障碍或其对健康的影响的信息。研究小组对纳入的研究中出现的相关主题进行了审查,并将其分为三个层次的获得医疗保健的障碍。结果:10篇文章被纳入本范围综述。我们的审查发现,生活在不稳定或没有移民身份和被拒绝公共健康保险的个人在获得医疗保健服务方面遇到了重大障碍,这是政策、人际和个人层面障碍的结果。这些障碍包括没有资格获得省级或联邦医疗保险、与医疗保健提供者的消极互动、害怕与公共服务机构互动以及缺乏足够的收入来支付自付医疗保健费用。这导致保健需求未得到满足,健康结果消极和恶化,逃避正规保健机构,以及由于求助延误而依赖紧急护理服务。结论:在加拿大,没有医疗保险的人经历了可避免的负面健康结果,包括由于获得医疗保健的障碍而导致的更高的死亡风险。省级医疗保险应适用于这些弱势群体,以避免不必要的健康问题和并发症,并减轻医疗保健系统的负担。新(移)徙者应接受教育,了解他们有权获得保健服务,保健提供者必须接受培训,了解如何最好地支持这一人口的健康和福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Health anxiety and academic performance among undergraduate medical students: A correlational study 医大学生健康焦虑与学业成绩的相关研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1721
Gaurav Urs, Vinay HR.
Introduction: Health anxiety is commonly overlooked as a distinct issue and a component of anxiety. Its impact on academic performance in university students has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and academic performance among medical students. Methods: A correlational study involving 600 medical undergraduate students was conducted. Results: Of the 510 students involved in the study results indicate females experienced higher levels of health anxiety than males. The prevalence of health anxiety was 13.34%. A significant association (r = -.157; p=0.002) between anxiety (M=15.31; SD=9.86) and academic performance (M=64.87; SD=7.48) was found. Conclusion: The prevalence of health anxiety among study participants was 13.34% and it was negatively associated with academic performance. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that policies and interventions aimed at educating and managing health anxiety among medical students be incorporated into medical school curriculum.
健康焦虑作为一个独立的问题和焦虑的一个组成部分通常被忽视。它对大学生学习成绩的影响还没有被研究过。摘要本研究旨在探讨医学生焦虑与学业表现的关系。方法:对600名医学本科生进行相关研究。结果:在参与研究的510名学生中,结果表明女性比男性经历了更高水平的健康焦虑。健康焦虑的患病率为13.34%。显著相关性(r = - 0.157;p=0.002)与焦虑(M=15.31;SD=9.86)和学业成绩(M=64.87;SD=7.48)。结论:健康焦虑的患病率为13.34%,与学业成绩呈负相关。根据研究结果,建议将旨在教育和管理医学生健康焦虑的政策和干预措施纳入医学院课程。
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引用次数: 0
Use of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A discussion paper 口腔鳞状细胞癌的应用:一份讨论文件
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1676
K. Senevirathna, N. U. Jayawardana, Chandrika Udumalagala Gamage, Unil Perera, R. Jayasinghe, B. Seneviratne
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common epithelial malignancies of multifactorial etiology linked with considerable mortality and morbidity. Generally, OSCC arises from pre-existing oral lesions quoted as oral potentially malignant disorders. Early diagnosis of OSCC is an attractive strategy to increase the survival rate of patients. Despite the accessibility of prominent diagnostic tools, many factors restrain the successful application of these approaches. The discovery of novel alternative methods to diagnose cancer definitively with higher selectivity and sensitivity has aroused scientific interest. Metabolomics is an unbiased analytical approach for qualitative and quantitative analyses of different metabolites in cells, tissues, or biological fluids and their alterations in response to pathophysiological stimuli. Several coupled techniques, together with chromatographic platforms, have facilitated metabolic profiling and, at the same time, detected cancer biomarkers, which are crucial for an effective treatment process. This overview discusses some of the most recent technological advances in metabolomics and focuses on their application to reveal the underlying causes of OSCC and their potential implications for personalised medicine.
口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)是最常见的上皮性恶性肿瘤之一,其多因素病因与相当高的死亡率和发病率有关。一般来说,OSCC起源于先前存在的口腔病变,被认为是口腔潜在的恶性疾病。早期诊断OSCC是提高患者生存率的一个有吸引力的策略。尽管有许多著名的诊断工具,但许多因素限制了这些方法的成功应用。新的替代方法的发现,明确诊断癌症具有更高的选择性和敏感性引起了科学的兴趣。代谢组学是一种公正的分析方法,用于定性和定量分析细胞、组织或生物液体中的不同代谢物及其在病理生理刺激下的变化。几种耦合技术与色谱平台一起促进了代谢谱分析,同时检测了癌症生物标志物,这对于有效的治疗过程至关重要。本综述讨论了代谢组学的一些最新技术进展,并重点介绍了它们在揭示OSCC的潜在原因及其对个性化医疗的潜在影响方面的应用。
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引用次数: 1
Perceptions of food insecurity and access to programs among elderly females living in Colombo, Brazil: Qualitative investigation 生活在巴西科伦坡的老年妇女对粮食不安全的看法和获得项目的机会:定性调查
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1705
Vanessa Daufenback, S. Rigon, Rúbia Formiguieri, Cecília Rocha, C. M. Bógus
Vulnerable women, especially those who are responsible for their households, often face difficulties in reaching food security in developing countries when compared to men, especially in Africa, Latin America and Caribbean countries. Data from Brazil between 2017 and 2018 reveals the lack of equity between men and women concerning food insecurity, with a higher percentage among women-headed households in contrast to male-headed households. To mitigate this situation, Brazil has developed many food security programs focused on vulnerable groups. In this paper, we report the results of research conducted with women who reside in a low-income, urban community in Colombo, southern Brazil. The study aimed at highlighting the women’s perceptions of the main factors leading to food insecurity, as well as the main barriers and facilitators in accessing food security programs in their community. Methodology involved a mixed-method triangulation approach. 30 women were interviewed through an instrument protocol with opened and closed-ended questions about their health profile, food practices, food insecurity perceptions and participation on food security programs. Results revealed that low income, associated with domestic violence, work overload, less years of study were perceived as barriers to achieve appropriate income and food security. Facilitators to this group’s participation in food security programs were associated with family support, living with relatives, culinary skills and being enrolled with health and social care. As barriers, the study found that living alone, being an older woman with disabilities or younger and low-educated WHH without family financial support, with insufficient comprehension about food security programs dynamics, not pursuing adequate home space to store recyclables were factors that prevented this group´s. It can be concluded that these programs increased the quality and variety of food practices and worked as a mitigating factor for inequalities in food and health.
在发展中国家,特别是在非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比国家,与男性相比,弱势妇女,特别是负责家庭的妇女,在实现粮食安全方面往往面临困难。巴西2017年至2018年的数据显示,在粮食不安全方面,男女之间缺乏平等,女性户主家庭的比例高于男性户主家庭。为了缓解这种情况,巴西制定了许多针对弱势群体的粮食安全计划。在本文中,我们报告了对居住在巴西南部科伦坡一个低收入城市社区的妇女进行的研究结果。这项研究旨在强调妇女对导致粮食不安全的主要因素的看法,以及在她们的社区获得粮食安全计划的主要障碍和促进因素。方法涉及混合方法三角测量方法。通过一份文书议定书对30名妇女进行了访谈,其中包括关于她们的健康状况、食品做法、对粮食不安全的看法以及对粮食安全方案的参与情况的开放式和封闭式问题。结果显示,低收入、与家庭暴力、超负荷工作和较短的学习年限被认为是实现适当收入和粮食安全的障碍。促进这一群体参与食品安全项目的人与家庭支持、与亲戚同住、烹饪技能以及参加健康和社会护理有关。作为障碍,研究发现,独居,作为残疾的老年妇女或年轻且受教育程度低的WHH,没有家庭经济支持,对食品安全计划的动态了解不足,没有追求足够的家庭空间来储存可回收物品是阻碍该群体的因素。可以得出结论,这些计划提高了食品实践的质量和多样性,并作为减轻食品和健康不平等的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a Religious and Spiritual Support Scale in Sri Lanka: A psychometric study 斯里兰卡宗教与精神支持量表的开发与验证:一项心理测量学研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1717
E. Weeratunga, C. Senadheera, M. Hettiarachchi, B. Perera
Introduction: Religious and spiritual support reduces distress in patients with cancer. Accurate and reliable data on religious and spiritual support received and perceived by patients with cancer would assist health authorities in planning health promotion strategies targeted at patients with cancer. In this study, a new measurement tool of religious and spiritual support for patients with cancer in Sri Lanka was developed and validated. Methods: A new tool, the Religious and Spiritual Support Scale (RSSS) was developed based on the previous questionnaire and evaluated using 40 patients with cancer. Cross-cultural adaptation was made using WHO guidelines. Reliability was checked using Cronbach’s alpha. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the test-retest reliability of the tool. Convergent and divergent validity of the tool was examined using the World Health Organization-Quality of Life-Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale (CES-D). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test the construct validity of the RSSS. Results: The RSSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-0.874). The test-retest reliability of the scale was good (ICC = 0.981). As expected, the overall RSSS score correlated negatively with CES-D (r= - 0.338, p<0.05) and positively with overall QoL scores of the WHOQOL-BREF; (r=0.421, p<0.001), confirming satisfactory divergent and convergent validity of the RSSS. EFA revealed a structure comprised of two factors: Religious practice and religious support. Conclusions: The RSSS is a reliable and valid scale to assess religious and spiritual support received and perceived by patients with cancer in Sri Lanka.
简介:宗教和精神上的支持减少了癌症患者的痛苦。关于癌症患者获得和感受到的宗教和精神支持的准确和可靠的数据将有助于卫生当局规划针对癌症患者的健康促进战略。在这项研究中,一个新的测量工具的宗教和精神支持的癌症患者在斯里兰卡被开发和验证。方法:在以往问卷调查的基础上编制宗教与精神支持量表(RSSS),并对40例癌症患者进行评估。根据世卫组织指南进行了跨文化适应。采用Cronbach’s alpha检验信度。用类内相关系数(ICC)检验工具的重测信度。使用世界卫生组织-生命质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF)和流行病学研究中心-抑郁量表(CES-D)检验了该工具的收敛效度和发散效度。采用探索性因子分析(EFA)检验RSSS的结构效度。结果:RSSS具有较高的内部一致性(Cronbach’s α -0.874)。量表的重测信度较好(ICC = 0.981)。结果显示,RSSS总分与CES-D总分呈负相关(r= - 0.338, p<0.05),与WHOQOL-BREF总分呈正相关;(r=0.421, p<0.001),证实RSSS具有令人满意的发散效度和收敛效度。全民教育揭示了一个由两个因素组成的结构:宗教实践和宗教支持。结论:RSSS量表是一种可靠有效的评估斯里兰卡癌症患者获得和感知的宗教和精神支持的量表。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 on travel, mobility, and transportation preferences: A mixed method descriptive study COVID-19对出行、流动性和交通偏好的影响:一项混合方法描述性研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1711
Christian Hui, Madeline McQueen, Rawan Nahle, A. Karataş, F. Şekercioğlu
This study aimed to identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel, mobility, and transportation preferences as well as on the perceived air quality in Toronto during the lockdown period in 2020. An online survey collected results from a diverse sample of Toronto residents (N=2,367). The study results revealed that most residents noticed a temporary improvement in Toronto’s air quality, perceived a relationship between traffic and air quality, and recognized the benefits of using active transportation. While Torontonians reduced their daily travel time/trip frequencies and increased their use of green transportation during the lockdown, they also observed a reduction in the use of public transportation and an increase in the number of single-driver vehicles, taxis, and ride services. Toronto residents viewed air quality improvement as a collective responsibility and recommended the use of green travel, purchasing, consumption, and policy tools, as well as the use of an equity lens in city planning to improve air quality in the city.
本研究旨在确定2019冠状病毒病大流行对2020年多伦多封锁期间旅行、流动性和交通偏好的影响,以及对多伦多空气质量的影响。一项在线调查收集了来自多伦多居民的不同样本(N= 2367)的结果。研究结果显示,大多数居民注意到多伦多空气质量的暂时改善,意识到交通和空气质量之间的关系,并认识到使用主动交通的好处。在封锁期间,多伦多人减少了日常出行时间/出行频率,增加了绿色交通工具的使用,但他们也发现,公共交通工具的使用减少了,单人驾驶车辆、出租车和乘车服务的数量增加了。多伦多居民将改善空气质量视为集体责任,并建议使用绿色出行、采购、消费和政策工具,以及在城市规划中使用公平视角来改善城市空气质量。
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引用次数: 0
Factors supporting settlement among Syrian refugee women: A longitudinal participatory action research study 支持叙利亚难民妇女定居的因素:一项纵向参与性行动研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32920/ihtp.v3i1.1727
Shahin Kassam, J. O’Mahony, N. Clark
Introduction: Over 13 million Syrians have been forcibly displaced since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011. In response to this humanitarian crisis, several high-income countries have settled thousands of Syrian refugees. In Canada, over 50,000 Syrian refugees have resettled through varying resettlement programs. Half of the refugees are women who are mothers or of child-bearing age, and who experience numerous health disparities. This article reports findings from a larger, Canadian-based study inquiring into the factors supporting and shaping the settlement and integration experiences among women who are Syrian refugees and mothering. Methods: A longitudinal intersectionality-framed participatory action approach was initiated through multiple meetings with a diverse range of non-profit community organizations focused on refugee health and settlement. Through these meetings, sustainable relationships were formed, and trust was built toward further engaging with the Syrian refugee mothering women population. A core group of 4 women were employed as peer research assistants and were integrated across research processes. Results: In total, 40 Syrian refugee mothering women participated in this study. Six themes emerged from data analysis of their lived experiences of resettlement. Four of these themes are published elsewhere. We focus this article on two of the six key findings: harnessing strength-based capabilities, and peer research assistant experiences. Conclusions: The two findings described in this article convey facilitators that add to understanding influences on the mental well-being of Syrian refugee mothering women. Unique to this study is the novel integration of peer research assistants and a model of support which contributes to an ethical and inclusive approach to understanding lived experiences among refugee women. This article highlights how this model benefits the peer research assistant and promotes community engagement among women. 
导读:自2011年叙利亚内战开始以来,超过1300万叙利亚人被迫流离失所。为了应对这场人道主义危机,一些高收入国家安置了数千名叙利亚难民。在加拿大,超过5万名叙利亚难民通过各种重新安置计划得到重新安置。难民中有一半是母亲或育龄妇女,她们在健康方面存在许多差距。本文报告了一项基于加拿大的大型研究的结果,该研究探讨了支持和塑造叙利亚难民妇女和母亲的定居和融入经历的因素。方法:通过与侧重于难民健康和安置的各种非营利性社区组织举行多次会议,发起了纵向交叉性框架的参与性行动方法。通过这些会议,建立了可持续的关系,并建立了进一步与叙利亚难民母亲群体接触的信任。一个由4名妇女组成的核心小组被聘为同行研究助理,并在整个研究过程中得到整合。结果:共有40名叙利亚难民母亲参与了本研究。通过对他们重新安置生活经历的数据分析,产生了六个主题。其中四个主题在其他地方发表。我们将本文的重点放在六个关键发现中的两个:利用基于力量的能力,以及同行研究助理的经验。结论:本文中描述的两个发现传达了促进因素,有助于理解对叙利亚难民母亲心理健康的影响。这项研究的独特之处在于,它新颖地整合了同行研究助理和一种支持模式,有助于以合乎道德和包容的方式了解难民妇女的生活经历。这篇文章强调了这种模式如何使同行研究助理受益,并促进了妇女的社区参与。
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引用次数: 0
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International Health Trends and Perspectives
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