Hydrodynamic bearing (HDB) spindles currently being developed for information storage systems such as hard disk drives (HDDs) typically consist of two journal bearings with herringbone grooves. In this work, translational and conical motions of lightly loaded herringbone groove journal bearings are analyzed. For translational motion, the full eigenvalue solution for a typical HDB in a small form factor HDD may be simplified using scaling analysis. Perturbation equations for the stiffness and damping coefficients are derived from the Reynolds equation and solved for the lightly loaded herringbone groove bearing. The resulting analysis shows that the translational motion consists of a forward whirl mode and a backward whirl mode. The whirl frequencies of the two modes have the same magnitude but opposite sign. In addition, a simplified analysis shows that for a no-load herringbone groove journal bearing the in-line stiffness is not trivial while the cross coupling damping vanishes. On the other hand, for the conical mode eigenvalues, the same scaling analysis only applies when the bearing span is large. For typical HDB in HDDs, the conical whirl frequencies depend strongly on bearing and rotor geometries. Numerical calculations were carried out to demonstrate the validity and limitation of the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"On the Whirl Dynamics of Hydrodynamic Bearing Spindle in Information Storage Systems","authors":"Y. Zang, M. Hatch","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrodynamic bearing (HDB) spindles currently being developed for information storage systems such as hard disk drives (HDDs) typically consist of two journal bearings with herringbone grooves. In this work, translational and conical motions of lightly loaded herringbone groove journal bearings are analyzed. For translational motion, the full eigenvalue solution for a typical HDB in a small form factor HDD may be simplified using scaling analysis. Perturbation equations for the stiffness and damping coefficients are derived from the Reynolds equation and solved for the lightly loaded herringbone groove bearing. The resulting analysis shows that the translational motion consists of a forward whirl mode and a backward whirl mode. The whirl frequencies of the two modes have the same magnitude but opposite sign. In addition, a simplified analysis shows that for a no-load herringbone groove journal bearing the in-line stiffness is not trivial while the cross coupling damping vanishes. On the other hand, for the conical mode eigenvalues, the same scaling analysis only applies when the bearing span is large. For typical HDB in HDDs, the conical whirl frequencies depend strongly on bearing and rotor geometries. Numerical calculations were carried out to demonstrate the validity and limitation of the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123263020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To advance disk drive design for increased performance and reliability, a thorough understanding of flow and thermal transport in the disk file is essential. The primary objective of this study is to examine the effects of slider arm blockage on the convective characteristics in a 3.5-inch corotating disk stack. Using an analogous mass transfer system based on naphthalene sublimation, the detailed distribution of local mass transfer coefficient over the disk surface is determined by an automated micropositioning system. By analogy, the mass transfer coefficient can be transformed to the corresponding heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient. All the transport coefficients reveal strong variation with the arm blockage in the radial direction. However, overall average transfer coefficient obtained by integrating their corresponding local values are rather insensitive to the extent of arm protrusion.
{"title":"Effects of Inserting Arm Blockage on Heat Transfer in a Corotating Disk Assembly","authors":"M. Chyu, Y. Hsing","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To advance disk drive design for increased performance and reliability, a thorough understanding of flow and thermal transport in the disk file is essential. The primary objective of this study is to examine the effects of slider arm blockage on the convective characteristics in a 3.5-inch corotating disk stack. Using an analogous mass transfer system based on naphthalene sublimation, the detailed distribution of local mass transfer coefficient over the disk surface is determined by an automated micropositioning system. By analogy, the mass transfer coefficient can be transformed to the corresponding heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient. All the transport coefficients reveal strong variation with the arm blockage in the radial direction. However, overall average transfer coefficient obtained by integrating their corresponding local values are rather insensitive to the extent of arm protrusion.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125094185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the entire process of control system design for a prototype high-speed, low-tension tape transport system. The speed and tension of the tape are regulated by controlling the relative displacement of the supply and take-up reels. The system is slowly time varying from changing reel packs, and is difficult to model because the spring constant of the tape depends on the operating speed and tension due to air entrainment in the take-up reel. In this paper, an iterative multi-input multi-output controller design approach is presented where a low performance controller is first designed to enable system identification around the desired operating speed and tension of the transport. The frequency response data is then used to design a fast settling controller. An adaptive ripple cancellation scheme for better tension regulation is demonstrated. Failure detection mechanisms and recovery algorithms that reduce the probability of tape damage are described.
{"title":"Control System Design for High-Speed Low-Tension Tape Transport","authors":"P. Mathur, W. Messner","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes the entire process of control system design for a prototype high-speed, low-tension tape transport system. The speed and tension of the tape are regulated by controlling the relative displacement of the supply and take-up reels. The system is slowly time varying from changing reel packs, and is difficult to model because the spring constant of the tape depends on the operating speed and tension due to air entrainment in the take-up reel. In this paper, an iterative multi-input multi-output controller design approach is presented where a low performance controller is first designed to enable system identification around the desired operating speed and tension of the transport. The frequency response data is then used to design a fast settling controller. An adaptive ripple cancellation scheme for better tension regulation is demonstrated. Failure detection mechanisms and recovery algorithms that reduce the probability of tape damage are described.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127595441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical calculations have been performed for isothermal, laminar, three-dimensional flow past one or two fixed obstructions radially aligned and symmetrically located between a pair of disks corotating in a fixed cylindrical enclosure. The single-obstruction cases respectively model the influence on the flow of (a) a magnetic head arm support and (b) an air lock. The dual-obstruction cases model the simultaneous presence of these two objects. The air lock produces an interdisk cross-stream plane blockage of 62% while the two head arm supports produce blockages of 31% and 62%, respectively. For the cases with the air lock and arm support simultaneously present, the circumferential angle between them is fixed to 40° or 80°. Velocity, pressure, shear stress and the disk torque coefficient are predicted mostly for a Reynolds number (Re = Ω R22/v) corresponding to 10,000, approximately, where R2, Ω, and v are the disk radius, the disk angular velocity in rad/s, and the kinematic viscosity of air at 300 K, respectively. The calculations show that a large blockage significantly alters the interdisk flow characteristics by markedly raising the pressure ahead of an obstruction and accelerating the flow through the empty space around it. This induces a detached reversed flow region ahead of the obstruction quite distinct from that in its wake. The disk surface pressure distributions point to a potential source of dynamical instability in rotating disk flows with obstructions. The variations of the disk torque coefficient with Re and geometry generally agree with the theoretical expression of Humphrey et al. (1992). It is shown that the bulk of the drag on an obstruction is form drag as opposed to friction drag.
对等温、层流、三维流动进行了数值计算，这些流动经过一个或两个固定障碍物，这些障碍物径向排列并对称地位于一对在固定圆柱形外壳中旋转的圆盘之间。单阻塞情况分别模拟(a)磁头臂支撑和(b)气闸对流量的影响。双阻塞案例模拟了这两个物体同时存在。气闸产生62%的盘间横流平面堵塞，而两个头臂支撑分别产生31%和62%的堵塞。对于气闸和臂架同时存在的情况，它们之间的周向角固定为40°或80°。在雷诺数Re = Ω R22/v近似为10000时，预测速度、压力、剪应力和圆盘扭矩系数，其中R2、Ω和v分别为圆盘半径、以rad/s为单位的圆盘角速度和300 K时空气的运动粘度。计算表明，较大的阻塞物通过显著提高阻塞物前部的压力和加速流动通过其周围的空白空间，从而显著地改变了盘间流动特性。这就在障碍物前方形成了一个与尾流截然不同的分离的反向流动区。圆盘表面压力分布指出了在有障碍物的旋转圆盘流动中动态不稳定的潜在来源。圆盘扭矩系数随Re和几何形状的变化大体上符合Humphrey et al.(1992)的理论表达式。结果表明，阻力的大部分是形成阻力，而不是摩擦阻力。
{"title":"Flow Past Large Obstructions Between Corotating Disks in Fixed Cylindrical Enclosures","authors":"Hiroshi Suzuki, J. Humphrey","doi":"10.1115/1.2819272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2819272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Numerical calculations have been performed for isothermal, laminar, three-dimensional flow past one or two fixed obstructions radially aligned and symmetrically located between a pair of disks corotating in a fixed cylindrical enclosure. The single-obstruction cases respectively model the influence on the flow of (a) a magnetic head arm support and (b) an air lock. The dual-obstruction cases model the simultaneous presence of these two objects. The air lock produces an interdisk cross-stream plane blockage of 62% while the two head arm supports produce blockages of 31% and 62%, respectively. For the cases with the air lock and arm support simultaneously present, the circumferential angle between them is fixed to 40° or 80°. Velocity, pressure, shear stress and the disk torque coefficient are predicted mostly for a Reynolds number (Re = Ω R22/v) corresponding to 10,000, approximately, where R2, Ω, and v are the disk radius, the disk angular velocity in rad/s, and the kinematic viscosity of air at 300 K, respectively. The calculations show that a large blockage significantly alters the interdisk flow characteristics by markedly raising the pressure ahead of an obstruction and accelerating the flow through the empty space around it. This induces a detached reversed flow region ahead of the obstruction quite distinct from that in its wake. The disk surface pressure distributions point to a potential source of dynamical instability in rotating disk flows with obstructions. The variations of the disk torque coefficient with Re and geometry generally agree with the theoretical expression of Humphrey et al. (1992). It is shown that the bulk of the drag on an obstruction is form drag as opposed to friction drag.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"2169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130069885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report on an investigation of the mechanics and tribology of a flat head for high-speed, contact tape recording. We found that a self-acting negative air-bearing (suction) created near the leading wrapped corner is responsible for stable low-pressure contact over a wide range of speed, wrap angle, tension and tape thickness. This suction is caused by the expansion of air into the diverging gap on the upstream side of the head-tape interface which is unique to this wrap geometry. Experiments performed on a “row-bar” of thin film disk heads where the tape is wrapped only on the edge opposite to the heads showed the gap spacing to be stable in the 0.5–8m/s speed range with less than 4nm of wear on the read elements. A bi-directional version of a flat head geometry is analyzed via a model and suggestions are made for that design.
{"title":"Flat Heads for High-Speed, Contact Tape Recording: Experimental Evaluation and Theoretical Analysis","authors":"Sinan Müftü, H. Hinteregger","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We report on an investigation of the mechanics and tribology of a flat head for high-speed, contact tape recording. We found that a self-acting negative air-bearing (suction) created near the leading wrapped corner is responsible for stable low-pressure contact over a wide range of speed, wrap angle, tension and tape thickness. This suction is caused by the expansion of air into the diverging gap on the upstream side of the head-tape interface which is unique to this wrap geometry. Experiments performed on a “row-bar” of thin film disk heads where the tape is wrapped only on the edge opposite to the heads showed the gap spacing to be stable in the 0.5–8m/s speed range with less than 4nm of wear on the read elements. A bi-directional version of a flat head geometry is analyzed via a model and suggestions are made for that design.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a web is wound at speed onto a spool or roll, a thin layer of air becomes entrapped between the incoming web stream and the roll. The spiral-shaped air bearing which results separates adjacent web layers and can extend many wraps into the roll. The air entrained during the winding process increases the propensity for interlayer slippage, stack shifting, damage to the edges of the web, and non-uniform internal stresses. A new technique is discussed for measuring the film thickness of the entrained air layers during the winding process, and parameter studies quantify the effects of such winding variables as tension, transport speed, and surface roughness. With a view towards evaluating different web transport designs and operating conditions, three measures of air entrainment are discussed: (i) the cumulative thickness of all air layers, (ii) the thickness of the outermost air layer at the nip, and (iii) the rate at which air bleeds from the wound roll once it is brought to rest.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Air Entrainment During High Speed Web Winding","authors":"M. Keshavan, J. Wickert","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a web is wound at speed onto a spool or roll, a thin layer of air becomes entrapped between the incoming web stream and the roll. The spiral-shaped air bearing which results separates adjacent web layers and can extend many wraps into the roll. The air entrained during the winding process increases the propensity for interlayer slippage, stack shifting, damage to the edges of the web, and non-uniform internal stresses. A new technique is discussed for measuring the film thickness of the entrained air layers during the winding process, and parameter studies quantify the effects of such winding variables as tension, transport speed, and surface roughness. With a view towards evaluating different web transport designs and operating conditions, three measures of air entrainment are discussed: (i) the cumulative thickness of all air layers, (ii) the thickness of the outermost air layer at the nip, and (iii) the rate at which air bleeds from the wound roll once it is brought to rest.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125876370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the finite element model used to predict the spacing and contact pressure in an Advanced Photo System head/film interface. The particular interface analyzed was developed for use in photofinishing applications and is commonly referred to as a bubble spring interface, named after the flexure-like thin metal strip used to push the film against the magnetic head. The model results are validated by comparing predictions to measurements of the spring load-deflection profile and interferometrically measured head-to-film spacing contours. In addition, the model’s capability is demonstrated by using it to assess performance sensitivity to variations in spring load, head/film penetration, and film curl.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of the Advanced Photo System Bubble Spring Head/Film Interface","authors":"Donald J. Haugh, A. Brewen","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the finite element model used to predict the spacing and contact pressure in an Advanced Photo System head/film interface. The particular interface analyzed was developed for use in photofinishing applications and is commonly referred to as a bubble spring interface, named after the flexure-like thin metal strip used to push the film against the magnetic head. The model results are validated by comparing predictions to measurements of the spring load-deflection profile and interferometrically measured head-to-film spacing contours. In addition, the model’s capability is demonstrated by using it to assess performance sensitivity to variations in spring load, head/film penetration, and film curl.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A methodology for thermal modeling of hard disk drives (HDD) using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program that solves the conjugate (conduction and convection) heat transfer problem is presented. The methodology addresses assumptions, model construction, and boundary conditions, as well as measurement methods for determining key model inputs such as HDD component power. Computed results are compared to measurements at a range of heat input conditions, volumetric flow rates, and HDD sizes. It is shown that the model does well in predicting temperature trends. It is also shown that for first order approximations, to predict average base casting temperatures, the total HDD power with an average convective heat transfer coefficient can be used. Also noted is the importance of considering the heat path through the air gap between the brushless d.c. motor stator and rotor.
{"title":"Thermal Modeling of Hard Disk Drives","authors":"Neal B. Schirle, David J. Lew","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A methodology for thermal modeling of hard disk drives (HDD) using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program that solves the conjugate (conduction and convection) heat transfer problem is presented. The methodology addresses assumptions, model construction, and boundary conditions, as well as measurement methods for determining key model inputs such as HDD component power. Computed results are compared to measurements at a range of heat input conditions, volumetric flow rates, and HDD sizes. It is shown that the model does well in predicting temperature trends. It is also shown that for first order approximations, to predict average base casting temperatures, the total HDD power with an average convective heat transfer coefficient can be used. Also noted is the importance of considering the heat path through the air gap between the brushless d.c. motor stator and rotor.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132762664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air entrainment in tape spooling is important in determining tape stacking quality and in modeling the transport system for control purposes. Accurate estimates are difficult to obtain by direct measurement. In this paper, the length of the entrained air film is estimated by determining the spring constant of the unsupported tape span. Using multi-input single-output (MISO) frequency based system identification, the resonant frequency of the system associated with the longitudinal mode of the tape is derived. This data is compared to predictions from the well known nip equation. The utility of these equations is discussed.
{"title":"Frequency Domain Characterization of Take-Up Reel Air-Entrainment in Low-Tension and High-Speed Tape Transport","authors":"P. Mathur, W. Messner","doi":"10.1115/1.2834586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2834586","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Air entrainment in tape spooling is important in determining tape stacking quality and in modeling the transport system for control purposes. Accurate estimates are difficult to obtain by direct measurement. In this paper, the length of the entrained air film is estimated by determining the spring constant of the unsupported tape span. Using multi-input single-output (MISO) frequency based system identification, the resonant frequency of the system associated with the longitudinal mode of the tape is derived. This data is compared to predictions from the well known nip equation. The utility of these equations is discussed.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The damping characteristics of microcantilevers were clarified analytically and experimentally as a step towards developing next-generation information systems that use micromechanical devices. First, an approximate formula of airflow damping is derived using the Navier-Stokes equation and the total damping is obtained by combining this with internal friction and support loss. Precise measurement apparatus was then developed to verify the theory. The damping ratio of cantilevers ranging from 0.1 mm to 100 mm in length was measured and the effects of beam size, vibrational mode number, and vibrational amplitude on damping ratio were studied. Finally the relationship between vibrational damping and mechanical design parameters were summarized so that the results can be utilized in the actual design.
{"title":"Study on Vibrational Damping of Microcantilevers","authors":"S. Kuroda, H. Hosaka, S. Shimazu, K. Itao","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.62.742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.62.742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The damping characteristics of microcantilevers were clarified analytically and experimentally as a step towards developing next-generation information systems that use micromechanical devices. First, an approximate formula of airflow damping is derived using the Navier-Stokes equation and the total damping is obtained by combining this with internal friction and support loss. Precise measurement apparatus was then developed to verify the theory. The damping ratio of cantilevers ranging from 0.1 mm to 100 mm in length was measured and the effects of beam size, vibrational mode number, and vibrational amplitude on damping ratio were studied. Finally the relationship between vibrational damping and mechanical design parameters were summarized so that the results can be utilized in the actual design.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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