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Recent Advances in Welding Power Systems for Automated Welding 自动化焊接电源系统研究进展
Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.64.457
M. Ushio, H. Yamamoto, Y. Nishida, T. Mita
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引用次数: 13
FEM Simulation of Gas and Plasma Cutting with Emphasis on Precision of Cutting(Mechanics, Strength & Structural Design) 以切割精度为重点的气体和等离子切割有限元模拟(力学、强度和结构设计)
Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1994.307
Y. Ueda, H. Murakawa, S. Gu, Y. Okumoto, M. Ishiyama
A computational method for simulating the cutting process, based on the thermal-elastic-plastic FEM has been developed. The proposed method is verified by comparing the computations with experimental results obtained for plasma cutting. Using the FEM model, the residual plastic strain and the plate motion due to the transient thermal expansion are obtained respectively. Their effects are quantitatively discussed. The results show that these factors have great influences on the one-side cutting and small effects on the two-side simultaneous cutting. The influences of the residual stress existing in the plate before cutting are also investigated.
提出了一种基于热弹塑性有限元法的切削过程模拟计算方法。通过与等离子切割实验结果的比较,验证了该方法的正确性。利用有限元模型,分别得到了残余塑性应变和瞬态热膨胀引起的板的运动。定量地讨论了它们的作用。结果表明,这些因素对单面切削影响较大,对双面同时切削影响较小。研究了切削前板料中残余应力的影响。
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引用次数: 4
A Predicting Method of Welding Residual Stress Using Source of Residual Stress (Report III) : Prediction of Residual Stresses in T- and I-joints Using Inherent Strains(Mechanics, Strength & Structural Design) 利用残余应力源预测焊接残余应力的方法(报告三):利用固有应变预测T型和i型接头的残余应力(力学、强度与结构设计)
Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.2207/qjjws.6.59
Y. Ueda, M. Yuan
In this paper, a predicting method of welding residual stress by using the source of residual stress (inherent strain) is proposed. And the validity of the method is demonstrated by numerical experiments with the aid of the finite element method.Welding residual stress is produced as a result of thermal elasto-plastic behavior. Their source is composed of the thermal strain and/or plastic strain, etc., which is called here inherent strain.Taking a butt welding joint as an example, the sources of residual stress are estimated in different sizes manufactured on the same welding condition. It is found that the distributions of the source of residual stress are almost the same if the sizes of the joint are larger than that of a specific one, which is named a standard size.It is demonstrated that the residual stress produced in the joint of any different sizes can be predicted accurately by elastic analysis using the inherent strain in a standard size of the joint, unless the sizes are too small.
提出了一种利用残余应力源(固有应变)预测焊接残余应力的方法。并结合有限元方法,通过数值实验验证了该方法的有效性。焊接残余应力是热弹塑性行为的结果。它们的来源由热应变和/或塑性应变等组成,这里称之为固有应变。以对接焊接接头为例,在相同的焊接条件下,对不同尺寸的对接接头的残余应力源进行了估算。研究发现,当节理尺寸大于某一特定节理尺寸时,节理的残余应力源分布几乎相同,该节理尺寸称为标准尺寸。结果表明,除非接头尺寸过小,否则任何不同尺寸的接头产生的残余应力都可以用标准尺寸的固有应变进行弹性分析来准确预测。
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引用次数: 34
Effects of Shielding Gas Composition on Metal Transfer Phenomena in High Current GMA Welding(Physics, Process, Instruments & Measurements) 保护气体成分对大电流GMA焊接中金属转移现象的影响(物理、工艺、仪器与测量)
Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.22486/IWJ.V27I2.148271
M. Ushio, K. Ikeuchi, Manabu Tanaka, T. Seto
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引用次数: 5
Formation of YBaCu-O System Superconductor by Thermal Spraying(Materials, Metallugy & Weldability) 热喷涂制备YBaCu-O体系超导体(材料、冶金与可焊性)
Pub Date : 1991-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10426919208947398
A. Ohmori, S. Sano, Y. Arata, N. Iwamoto
ABSTRACT The YBaCu-O and Bi(Pb)SrCaCu-0 system superconductor coatings by thermal spraying are described. YBaCu-O system superconductor coatings are sprayed by using perovskite type and non-perovskite type powders. As sprayed coatings are not superconducting and there is no perovskite structure even when perovskite type powders are used, but they become superconducting after heat treatment in air. An electrochemical method was also employed, to obtain a high quality superconductor applying an electric field treatment. Bi(Pb)SrCsiCu-0 system superconductor coatings are sprayed by changing the starting composition. As-sprayed coatings were not superconducting, but they become superconducting after heat treatment in air like the YBaCu-O system. The Tc of the sprayed coatings using (Bi1-xPbx)5Sr3Ca2Cu3-O powders is higher than the Tc of sprayed coatings using (Bi1-xPbx) 2Sr2Ca2Cu3-O powders.
研究了热喷涂YBaCu-O和Bi(Pb)SrCaCu-0体系超导体涂层。采用钙钛矿型和非钙钛矿型粉末喷涂YBaCu-O体系超导涂层。由于喷涂后的涂层不具有超导性,即使使用钙钛矿型粉末也不存在钙钛矿结构,但在空气中热处理后会变成超导。还采用电化学方法,通过电场处理获得了高质量的超导体。通过改变起始成分,喷涂Bi(Pb)SrCsiCu-0体系超导体涂层。as -喷涂涂层不具有超导性,但像YBaCu-O体系一样在空气中热处理后成为超导涂层。使用(Bi1-xPbx)5Sr3Ca2Cu3-O粉末喷涂的涂层的Tc高于使用(Bi1-xPbx) 2Sr2Ca2Cu3-O粉末喷涂的涂层的Tc。
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引用次数: 1
Carbide Addition on Aluminum Alloy Surface by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Process(Surface Processing) 等离子转移弧焊在铝合金表面添加碳化物(表面处理)
Pub Date : 1990-12-01 DOI: 10.2464/JILM.40.761
F. Matsuda, K. Nakata, S. Shimizu, K. Nagai
Effect of carbide addition on the surface characteristics of aluminum alloy 5083 has been investigated with the plasma transferred arc welding process (DCSP) of NbC, TiC or SiC powder. Optimum overlaying conditions under which bead appearance is superior and porosities in overlaid metal are lesser are determined. Moreover some characteristics of overlaid metal containing carbide are evaluated under these optimum conditions. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The maximum area fraction of carbide in overlaid metal is about 40% for NbC and TiC, and about 30% for SiC, (2) Vickers hardness of overlaid metal containing carbide is in the range between 111 and 141hgf/mm2, (3) Abrasive resistance of overlaid metal at higher sliding speed is remarkably improved by the addition of carbide although that at lower sliding speed is not almost improved, (4) In the 180 degree bend test, cracks appear not in the boundary layer between overlaid and base metals but only in overlaid zone, meaning that the boundary layer is sound enough for ductility.
采用等离子转移弧焊(DCSP)工艺,研究了添加碳化物对5083铝合金表面特性的影响。确定了最佳堆焊条件,在此条件下,堆焊金属的焊缝外观较好,孔隙率较小。在此条件下,对含碳化物覆层金属的一些特性进行了评价。结果总结如下:(1)覆层金属中碳化物的最大面积分数在NbC和TiC中约为40%,SiC中约为30%;(2)含碳化物覆层金属的维氏硬度在111 ~ 141hgf/mm2之间;(3)在较高滑动速度下覆层金属的耐磨性得到显著提高,但在较低滑动速度下覆层金属的耐磨性几乎没有提高;(4)在180度弯曲试验中裂纹不出现在覆层金属和母材之间的边界层中,而只出现在覆层区,这意味着覆层具有足够的韧性。
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引用次数: 7
Convection in Weld Pool and Its Effect on Penetration Shape in Stationary Arc Welds(Physics, Process, Instrument & Measurement) 焊池对流及其对固定弧焊熔透形状的影响(物理、工艺、仪器与测量)
Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.6.455
A. Matsunawa, S. Yokoya, Y. Asako
The importance of convective heat transfer in the weld pool has been widely recognized in relation to the penetration shapes of base metal.The main causes that associate streaming in molten pool are the electro magnetic force, buoyancy force, surface tension and aero dynamic drag force. But, the mechanism of heat transfer has not yet been clarified well. Therefore, in this work, they have paid special attension on the importance of convectional heat transfer in the weld pool and the anode size or heat source size under the same heat input, or same current value. A finite difference method was employed to solve above-mentioned mechanism. The results obwere tained as follows.1) When arc length is short, the velocity field induced by outward surface shear strss consists of two flow loops of opposite directions in the molten pool, which lead to comparatively deep weld shape.2) In case of short arc length and positive temperature coefficient of surface tension, surface tension is predominant. Accordingly, penetration shape is deep.3) In case of long arc length aero dynamic drag force is predominant, which leads to the 'shallow' center and 'deep' peripheral penetration.
焊接熔池中对流换热的重要性已被广泛认识到与母材的熔透形状有关。熔池中伴生流动的主要原因是电磁力、浮力、表面张力和气动阻力。但是,传热机理尚未得到很好的阐明。因此,在这项工作中,他们特别关注了在相同的热输入或相同的电流值下,焊接池中对流换热和阳极尺寸或热源尺寸的重要性。采用有限差分法求解上述机构。结果表明:1)当弧长较短时,外表面剪应力诱导的速度场在熔池中由两个方向相反的流环组成,焊缝形状较深。2)当弧长较短且表面张力温度系数为正时,表面张力占主导地位。3)当弧长较长时,气动阻力占主导地位,导致中心“浅”,外围“深”。
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引用次数: 22
Study on the Strength of Explosive Plugged Part under the Environment of Steam Generator 蒸汽发生器环境下爆炸塞件强度的研究
Pub Date : 1987-12-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.6.71
Yoshiaki Yamamoto, S. Kaga, Katsuhiro Fujii, Y. Fujioka, Katsunori Inoue, Y. Arata
Supposing the case in which leakage takes place in tubing of steam generator, the explosive plugging method was developed by Japan Welding Engineering Society etc. It was indicated by the researchers that this method is effective to the purpose.It is not yet known whether the plugged parts keep the stable strength or not, during the long service period in the environment of steam generator.Under the above consideration, following three tests on plugged part are conducted.1. Thermal Shock Test2. Stress Corrosion Cracking Test3. Liquid Sodium Corrosion TestTesting results are grained as follows.1. Peeling occures immediately after beginning of thermal shook test. Cracking occures after 150-200 thermal cycles in SH, 200-400 thermal cycles in EV and 1000 thermal cycles in SG.2. Residual stress in tube plate near the plug is compressive. SCC does not occur in the tube plate there. It occures on the inner surface of plug.3. The susceptibility to SCC of explosive bonded boundary is lower than that of base metal due to martensite in bonded boundary.4. Explosive bonded boundary is somewhat weaker than base metal in the resistance to the sodium attack under the testing condition employed in liquid sodium corrosion test.
针对蒸汽发生器管道发生泄漏的情况,日本焊接工程学会等提出了爆炸封堵方法。研究表明,这种方法是有效的。在蒸汽发生器的长期使用环境中,被堵塞的部件是否能保持稳定的强度,目前还不清楚。基于上述考虑,对堵塞部分进行了以下三次试验:热冲击试验应力腐蚀开裂试验液钠腐蚀试验试验结果如下:热震动试验开始后立即发生剥落。高温150 ~ 200次热循环,高温200 ~ 400次热循环,高温1000次热循环后发生开裂。靠近堵头的管板残余应力为压应力。SCC不会发生在管板上。它发生在插头的内表面。由于结合界面中存在马氏体,爆炸结合界面对SCC的敏感性低于母材。在液钠腐蚀试验条件下,炸药粘结边界的抗钠侵蚀性能略弱于母材。
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引用次数: 1
Compressive Strength of Structural Members with Soft Weld Joints(Mechanics, Strength & Structural Design) 软焊缝构件抗压强度(力学、强度与结构设计)
Pub Date : 1987-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/09507119009447771
Y. Ueda, H. Murakawa, H. Kimura
Soft weld joints or under matching weld joints are often employed in the welding of high tensile strength steel to avoid crackings. The compressive strength of structural members, such as columns, plates and pipes, with soft weld joints is analyzed by Finite Element Method and simple mechanical models. Especially, the effects of the width and the location of the soft joint, slenderness ratio, initial deflection and the strain hardening are clarified.
高抗拉强度钢的焊接常采用软焊缝或欠匹配焊缝,以避免开裂。采用有限元法和简单力学模型对具有软焊接接头的柱、板、管等结构构件的抗压强度进行了分析。重点分析了软接头的宽度和位置、长细比、初始挠度和应变硬化的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Joining of Silicon Nitride Using Amorphous Cu-Ti Filler Metal(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability) 非晶Cu-Ti填充金属连接氮化硅(材料、冶金及可焊性)
Pub Date : 1987-06-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.4.597
M. Naka, Tasuku Tanaka, I. Okamoto
Si3N4/Si3N4 joint was made using Cu66Ti34, Cu50Ti50 and Cu43Ti57 amorphous filler metals, where pressureless sintered Si3N4 was used. The joining strength of Si3N4 joint was measured by fracture shear testing, and the joining mechanism was investigated by microstructure observation with SEM, and elements analyses at the joint interface with EDX and EPMA. The results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) The molten Cu-Ti alloys containing 20 at% Ti or more exhibit the equilibrium contact angle of about 8°, and are applicable to the filler metal for joining of Si3N4.(2) The joining strength of Si3N4 using Cu66Ti34 filler is higher than that of Si3N4 using other Cu-Ti fillers at any brazing temperature except for brazing temperature of 1273 K. Thus, the joining strength of Si3N4 with Cu66Ti34 filler shows the maximum value of 313.8 MPa at brazing temperature of 1323 K. At the brazing temperature of 1373 K, Si3N4 joint with Cu50Ti50 filler shows the maximum value of 176.5 MPa at brazing time of 1.8 ks, and gradually decreases with longer brazing lime, and to 19.6 MPa at brazing time of 7.2 ks. The elevated temperature fracture shear strength of Si3N4 joint brazed at 1373 K for 1.8 ks using Cu50Ti50 filler increases to 199.1 MPa at 373 K, and gradually decreases to 105.9 MPa at 973 K.(3) During brazing Ti in molten Cu50Ti50 filler reacts with Si3N4 by the following reactions. Si3N4(s) +4Ti(1)=4TiN(s)+3Si(s), and Si3N4(s)+9Ti(1)=4TiN(s)Ti5Si3(s). TiN at the interface between Si3N4 and the filler, Ti5Si3, and Cu-Si phase at the central part of the filler are formed. The activation energy for growth of TiN at the joining interface is 206.3 kJ/mol, and the growth of TiN is dominated by the diffusion of N in TiN. The silicon content of the Cu-Ti phase increases about 7 at%Si to about 20 at%Si with increasing the brazing temperature.
采用Cu66Ti34、Cu50Ti50和Cu43Ti57三种非晶填充金属制备Si3N4/Si3N4接头,其中采用无压烧结的Si3N4。采用断裂剪切试验测定了Si3N4接头的连接强度,采用SEM显微组织观察和EDX、EPMA分析了接头的连接机理。结果表明:(1)含钛量在20%以上的Cu-Ti合金熔液的平衡接触角约为8°,适用于Si3N4的连接。(2)在除1273 K外的任何钎焊温度下,使用Cu66Ti34钎料的Si3N4的连接强度都高于使用其他Cu-Ti钎料的Si3N4。因此,在1323 K的钎焊温度下,Si3N4与Cu66Ti34钎料的连接强度达到最大值313.8 MPa。当钎焊温度为1373 K时,钎料Cu50Ti50的Si3N4接头在钎焊时间为1.8 K时的峰值为176.5 MPa,随着钎焊时间的延长逐渐降低,在钎焊时间为7.2 K时为19.6 MPa。Cu50Ti50钎料在1373 K下钎焊1.8 K时,Si3N4接头的高温断裂抗剪强度在373 K时增加到199.1 MPa,在973 K时逐渐降低到105.9 MPa。(3)钎焊过程中,Cu50Ti50钎料中的Ti与Si3N4发生反应。ti(1)氮化(s) + 4 = 4锡(s) + 3 si (s)和氮化硅(s) + 9 ti(1) = 4锡(s) Ti5Si3(年代)。在Si3N4与填料界面处形成TiN相、Ti5Si3相、填料中部形成Cu-Si相。TiN在连接界面处的生长活化能为206.3 kJ/mol, TiN的生长主要受N在TiN中的扩散影响。随着钎焊温度的升高,Cu-Ti相的硅含量在%Si时增加约7 ~ %Si时增加约20。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Transactions of JWRI
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