Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.2208/JSCEJ.1987.386_247
K. Horikawa, S. Matsumoto, M. Kitazawa
Since urban freeway bridges were opened for traffic more than ten years ago, there have been so many reports on the necessity of reparing cracks and deformations. For an example, the cracks at the connection plate between girder and lateral load-distribution cross beam are reported, and also the cracks at the connection plate between girder and sway bracings for composite plate girders. The investigation for the cracks, the establishment of repair and reinforcement method, and the feedback to the design standard specifications are now urged and many arguments are in progress in many places. In this research, we would like to find out one of the effective solutions by fabricating the test girders with the previous design and with present design, investigating the effects of the rigidity of the cross beam upon the fatigue crack and comparing and discussing the proposed structual details.
{"title":"Fatigue Behavior of Connection Plate between Main Girder and Cross Beam in Composite Plate Girder(Welding Mechanics, Strength & Design)","authors":"K. Horikawa, S. Matsumoto, M. Kitazawa","doi":"10.2208/JSCEJ.1987.386_247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/JSCEJ.1987.386_247","url":null,"abstract":"Since urban freeway bridges were opened for traffic more than ten years ago, there have been so many reports on the necessity of reparing cracks and deformations. For an example, the cracks at the connection plate between girder and lateral load-distribution cross beam are reported, and also the cracks at the connection plate between girder and sway bracings for composite plate girders. The investigation for the cracks, the establishment of repair and reinforcement method, and the feedback to the design standard specifications are now urged and many arguments are in progress in many places. In this research, we would like to find out one of the effective solutions by fabricating the test girders with the previous design and with present design, investigating the effects of the rigidity of the cross beam upon the fatigue crack and comparing and discussing the proposed structual details.","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"10 1","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87923219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joining of alumina (99.62mass% Al2O3) to copper was made using amorphous Cu-Ti (34-57 at%) brazing filler metals at 1173 to 1323 K in 2.7•~10-3 Pa. The amorphous filler metals, 1 cm in width and 45 ,um thick, were produced by liquid quenching. The superior flexibility of amorphous filler provides simplicity to joining process. The fracture shear strength of the joints was measured at room temperature. The strength of the joints brazed at 1323 K for 1.8 ks using CusoTiso filler possesses 138.3 M Pa at room temperature. The strength of the joints at constant brazing time raises with an increase in brazing temperature. The strength increases slightly with an increase in titanium content in the filler. At 1298 K for 1.8 ks, the strength of joints at room temperature changes from 107.8 M Pa with Cu66Ti34 to 120.6 M Pa with Cu43Tis7. The strength of the joints was also investigated at high temperatures up to 973 K. The high temperature shear strength is almost constant up to 773 K, and deceases gradually at higher temperature. Isothermal solidification process takes place during joining, and copper dissoves into Cu-Ti filler metal, and then, copper solid solution containing Ti precipitates from Cu-Ti filler metal. On the other hand, the formation of titanium oxide TiO1 and (Al, Ti)2O3 solid solution oxide is attributable to the strong joining between alumina and Cu-Ti filler.
采用非晶Cu-Ti (34-57 at%)钎料，在2.7•~10- 3pa温度为1173 ~ 1323 K的条件下，将氧化铝(99.62质量% Al2O3)与铜钎焊。采用液相淬火法制备了宽度为1cm，厚度为45um的非晶态填充金属。非晶填料优越的柔韧性使其连接工艺简单。在室温下测试了接头的断裂抗剪强度。使用CusoTiso钎料在1323 K下钎焊1.8 K后，接头的室温强度为138.3 M Pa。在一定钎焊时间下，接头强度随钎焊温度的升高而升高。随着填料中钛含量的增加，强度略有增加。在1298 K热处理1.8 K时，接头的室温强度由Cu66Ti34 (107.8 M Pa)变为Cu43Tis7 (120.6 M Pa)。在973 K的高温下，还研究了接头的强度。高温抗剪强度在773 K以下基本保持不变，随着温度的升高而逐渐降低。在连接过程中发生等温凝固过程，铜溶解到Cu-Ti填充金属中，然后从Cu-Ti填充金属中析出含Ti的铜固溶体。另一方面，氧化钛TiO1和(Al, Ti)2O3固溶体氧化物的形成是由于氧化铝与Cu-Ti填料之间的强结合。
{"title":"Joining of Alumina to Copper Using Amorphous Cu-Ti Filler Metal(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability)","authors":"M. Naka, K. Asami, I. Okamoto","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.4.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.4.321","url":null,"abstract":"Joining of alumina (99.62mass% Al2O3) to copper was made using amorphous Cu-Ti (34-57 at%) brazing filler metals at 1173 to 1323 K in 2.7•~10-3 Pa. The amorphous filler metals, 1 cm in width and 45 ,um thick, were produced by liquid quenching. The superior flexibility of amorphous filler provides simplicity to joining process. The fracture shear strength of the joints was measured at room temperature. The strength of the joints brazed at 1323 K for 1.8 ks using CusoTiso filler possesses 138.3 M Pa at room temperature. The strength of the joints at constant brazing time raises with an increase in brazing temperature. The strength increases slightly with an increase in titanium content in the filler. At 1298 K for 1.8 ks, the strength of joints at room temperature changes from 107.8 M Pa with Cu66Ti34 to 120.6 M Pa with Cu43Tis7. The strength of the joints was also investigated at high temperatures up to 973 K. The high temperature shear strength is almost constant up to 773 K, and deceases gradually at higher temperature. Isothermal solidification process takes place during joining, and copper dissoves into Cu-Ti filler metal, and then, copper solid solution containing Ti precipitates from Cu-Ti filler metal. On the other hand, the formation of titanium oxide TiO1 and (Al, Ti)2O3 solid solution oxide is attributable to the strong joining between alumina and Cu-Ti filler.","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"1 1","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82343206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ultrasonic vibration has been applied in the diffusion welding of aluminum in an attempt to break up the superficial oxide film of the bond interface. The ultrasonic vibration and subsequent welding have been carried out in a vacuum of 10-2 Pa at 875 K to 893 K under a welding pressure of 1 to 3 MPa. The bond strength increased with the increase in the input power to the transducer and working time of ultrasonic vibration. The increase in pressure to the bond interface during the vibration, however, lowered the bond strength. TEM observation and electric resistance measurement of the bond interface revealed that the application of ultrasonic vibration had the effect of breaking up and dispersing the oxide film, which was closely related to the increase in bond strength. On the fractured surface of joint, dimple patterns, increased with the rise of bond strength. These portions may be regarded as places where the application of ultrasonic vibration promotes breaking up and dispersing the oxide film.
{"title":"Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration on Diffusion Welding of Aluminum(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability)","authors":"T. Enjo, K. Ikeuchi, H. Fujita","doi":"10.2464/JILM.36.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2464/JILM.36.498","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrasonic vibration has been applied in the diffusion welding of aluminum in an attempt to break up the superficial oxide film of the bond interface. The ultrasonic vibration and subsequent welding have been carried out in a vacuum of 10-2 Pa at 875 K to 893 K under a welding pressure of 1 to 3 MPa. The bond strength increased with the increase in the input power to the transducer and working time of ultrasonic vibration. The increase in pressure to the bond interface during the vibration, however, lowered the bond strength. TEM observation and electric resistance measurement of the bond interface revealed that the application of ultrasonic vibration had the effect of breaking up and dispersing the oxide film, which was closely related to the increase in bond strength. On the fractured surface of joint, dimple patterns, increased with the rise of bond strength. These portions may be regarded as places where the application of ultrasonic vibration promotes breaking up and dispersing the oxide film.","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"8 1","pages":"289-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78876490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental covered electrodes(lime-titania type)were made by selective additions of Mn-nitride or Cr-nitride to the electrode covering. 304LN stainless steel base plates(t=12mm)whose edge preparation was machined to single sided V, 60°included angle were clamped in a jig and were welded together bymulti-pass shielded metal arc welding process.Nitrogen content of wcld metals was adjusted by changing the content of Mn-nltride or Cr-nitride in the electrode covering.Effect of nitrogenon the microstructure of weldmetal, δ-ferrite content, mean grain width, hardness and δ-ferrite secondary arm spacing were studied. Impact test for as welded specimen and solution treated specimen have been carried out at temperature range from 77K to room temperature.Influence of nitrogen on the impact value of wcld metals was mainly discusxsed.Results obtained are summarized as follows:(1)δ-ferrite content in the weld metals is influenced largely by the nitrogen content.(2)Impact value of weld metals increases with increasing of the nitrogen content of the weld metals up to about 1700 ppm after then the impact value falls as the nitrogen further increased.(3)The strengthening mechanism of weld metals due to addition of nitrogen is estimated that the effect of austenitic structure stabilized and inetrstitial solution hardening. Micro fissuring and precipitation of cluster(nitride)in excess of nitrogen containing weld metals decrease the impact value of weld metals.(4)Nitrogen content up to about 1700 ppm of weld metal which is introduced by SMAW process gives a good influence on the impact properties at low test temperature under condition of this study.
{"title":"Influence of Nitrogen on the Structure and Low Temperature Impact Properties of 304 Type Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals by SMAW Process(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability)","authors":"T. Enjo, Y. Kikuchi, H. Moroi","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.4.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.4.759","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental covered electrodes(lime-titania type)were made by selective additions of Mn-nitride or Cr-nitride to the electrode covering. 304LN stainless steel base plates(t=12mm)whose edge preparation was machined to single sided V, 60°included angle were clamped in a jig and were welded together bymulti-pass shielded metal arc welding process.Nitrogen content of wcld metals was adjusted by changing the content of Mn-nltride or Cr-nitride in the electrode covering.Effect of nitrogenon the microstructure of weldmetal, δ-ferrite content, mean grain width, hardness and δ-ferrite secondary arm spacing were studied. Impact test for as welded specimen and solution treated specimen have been carried out at temperature range from 77K to room temperature.Influence of nitrogen on the impact value of wcld metals was mainly discusxsed.Results obtained are summarized as follows:(1)δ-ferrite content in the weld metals is influenced largely by the nitrogen content.(2)Impact value of weld metals increases with increasing of the nitrogen content of the weld metals up to about 1700 ppm after then the impact value falls as the nitrogen further increased.(3)The strengthening mechanism of weld metals due to addition of nitrogen is estimated that the effect of austenitic structure stabilized and inetrstitial solution hardening. Micro fissuring and precipitation of cluster(nitride)in excess of nitrogen containing weld metals decrease the impact value of weld metals.(4)Nitrogen content up to about 1700 ppm of weld metal which is introduced by SMAW process gives a good influence on the impact properties at low test temperature under condition of this study.","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"39 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87785254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring Theory of Three-dimensional Residual Stresses Using a Thinly Sliced Plate Perpendicular to Welded Line(Welding Mechanics, Strength & Design)","authors":"Y. Ueda, You Chul Kim, A. Umekuni","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.3.611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.3.611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"7 1","pages":"351-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88715067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-05-10DOI: 10.1016/0040-6090(85)90219-6
N. Iwamoto, N. Umesaki, S. Endo
{"title":"Characterization of Plasma-sprayed Zirconia Coatings by X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability)","authors":"N. Iwamoto, N. Umesaki, S. Endo","doi":"10.1016/0040-6090(85)90219-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(85)90219-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"49 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86094306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-06-01DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1983.200
Y. Ueda, K. Nakacho, M. Fujikubo, Yoshikazu Ishikawa
{"title":"Application of Plastic Node Method to Thermal Elastic-Plastic and Dynamic Problems(Welding Mechanics, Strength & Design)","authors":"Y. Ueda, K. Nakacho, M. Fujikubo, Yoshikazu Ishikawa","doi":"10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1983.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1983.200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"7 1","pages":"311-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90674780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-02-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.660
I. Okamoto, T. Iida, H. Kihara
At the present time, accurate theoretical values of viscosities are not available. Therefore, in this paper we have proposed an approach to viscosity calculations of molten iron and its dilute binary alloys.Using the expression for pure liquid totals which have been drived by S. Takeuchi and T. lida, the calculated value of viscosity for molten iron at 1600°C is 4.7cP.From the expression and experimental data, we have presented an attempt to calculate viscosities of dilute binary alloys on simple parameters. That is, viscosities of dilute iron based binary alloys are proportional to the square root of the product of atomic weight and melting point, (MTm)1/2, of alloying elements. Viscosities of molten iron due to one atomic percent of various elements at 1600°C are expressed as follows:ηFe⋅dil=ηFe+K[(MT)1/2B-(MTm)1/2Fe]where, K≈3×10-5 (from experimental data)We have obtained same relation for liquid mercury ant its dilute amalgams as well. Consequently, if we obtain experimentally the value K, the approximate values for viscosities of dilute allosy can be calculated.
{"title":"An Approach to Viscosity Calculations of Molten Iron and Its Dilute Binary Alloys","authors":"I. Okamoto, T. Iida, H. Kihara","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.660","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, accurate theoretical values of viscosities are not available. Therefore, in this paper we have proposed an approach to viscosity calculations of molten iron and its dilute binary alloys.Using the expression for pure liquid totals which have been drived by S. Takeuchi and T. lida, the calculated value of viscosity for molten iron at 1600°C is 4.7cP.From the expression and experimental data, we have presented an attempt to calculate viscosities of dilute binary alloys on simple parameters. That is, viscosities of dilute iron based binary alloys are proportional to the square root of the product of atomic weight and melting point, (MTm)1/2, of alloying elements. Viscosities of molten iron due to one atomic percent of various elements at 1600°C are expressed as follows:ηFe⋅dil=ηFe+K[(MT)1/2B-(MTm)1/2Fe]where, K≈3×10-5 (from experimental data)We have obtained same relation for liquid mercury ant its dilute amalgams as well. Consequently, if we obtain experimentally the value K, the approximate values for viscosities of dilute allosy can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"11 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79899096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Trend of Researches on Restraint Stresses and Strains for Weld Cracking","authors":"K. Satoh, Y. Ueda, H. Kihara","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"162 1","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85819431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1972-09-01DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1972.355
K. Satoh, M. Toyoda
{"title":"Effect of Residual Stress and Mechanical Heterogeneity on Brittle Fracture Strength of Welded Joints","authors":"K. Satoh, M. Toyoda","doi":"10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1972.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1972.355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23197,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of JWRI","volume":"03 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85936019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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