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Climate winners: Adapting to shifting species in the New England supply chain 气候赢家:适应新英格兰供应链中物种的变化
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10478
Nicky Roberts, Eric Walton, Kate Masury
ObjectiveClimate change is driving shifts in marine species' distributions, affecting resource availability for fishery supply chains worldwide. While research and governance have been in step with fishing impacts, consequences to the downstream supply chain are not generally considered. In this project, we identify how and to what extent New England seafood supply chains are capable of navigating anticipated shifts in species distributions. The study was especially concerned with the degree to which suppliers would consider incorporating "climate winners": species that are predicted to become more abundant in New England waters.MethodsUsing indicators derived from climate resilience and adaptive fisheries frameworks, we characterized supply chain adaptability for 27 seafood businesses across New England.ResultThe results revealed a range of adaptability linked to particular supplier characteristics, including diversity of services, processing infrastructure, and market diversity. External factors such as consumer preference, regulatory policy, and employment in the industry also indicated climate vulnerabilities. Despite these limiting factors, however, most businesses appeared to be not only capable but also willing to incorporate climate winner species into their portfolio.ConclusionOur conclusions support the idea that New England seafood suppliers adopt different strategies for climate resilience based on their business model, with considerable potential to take advantage of species shifts given the right incentives. To reduce vulnerabilities in the face of unprecedented change, it is critical that managing practitioners and partnering organizations encourage portfolio diversification with market incentives and adaptive management measures.
目标气候变化正在推动海洋物种分布的变化,影响全球渔业供应链的资源可用性。虽然研究和治理工作与渔业影响同步进行,但对下游供应链的影响却未得到普遍考虑。在本项目中,我们确定了新英格兰海产品供应链如何以及在多大程度上能够驾驭物种分布的预期变化。这项研究尤其关注供应商在多大程度上会考虑纳入 "气候赢家":即那些预计在新英格兰水域会变得更加丰富的物种。方法利用从气候适应性和适应性渔业框架中得出的指标,我们描述了新英格兰地区 27 家海产品企业供应链的适应性。消费者偏好、监管政策和行业就业等外部因素也显示了气候的脆弱性。尽管存在这些限制因素,但大多数企业似乎不仅有能力,而且也愿意将气候赢家物种纳入其产品组合。为了在前所未有的变化面前降低脆弱性,管理从业者和合作组织必须通过市场激励和适应性管理措施鼓励投资组合多样化。
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引用次数: 0
Acoustic telemetry yields stock membership clues for Coho Salmon harvested in coastal fisheries 声学遥测为沿海渔业捕捞的库鲑提供种群成员线索
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10486
Luke H. Henslee, Renae Ivanoff, Zachary W. Liller, Peter A. H. Westley, Andrew C. Seitz
ObjectiveEstimates of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. stock composition in coastal fishery harvests are needed to balance fishing opportunities against conservation. Catch partitioning in some small‐scale fisheries can be hindered by insufficient resolution of modern stock classification tools (e.g., genetic stock identification).MethodsWe used acoustic telemetry to investigate the stock composition of commercial landings in the Norton Sound district of Alaska by mimicking local fisheries to capture and tag 578 Coho Salmon O. kisutch in the contiguous Shaktoolik and Unalakleet commercial subdistricts over two seasons.ResultIn total, 341 individuals that were last detected in demarcated spawning areas were assigned to a stock of origin based on putative natal site fidelity. Sex, location of capture, and timing of capture were predictors of stock membership. Models that were fitted to commercial harvest data from the project years (2020 and 2021) estimated that 32.9% of the Shaktoolik subdistrict catch was Shaktoolik stock, 51.5% was Unalakleet stock, and the remainder consisted of other transitory stocks. Conversely, 86.7% of landed Coho Salmon in the Unalakleet subdistrict were Unalakleet stock, whereas the Shaktoolik stock and transitory stocks made up less than 10%, respectively.ConclusionThese findings suggest that coastal salmon fisheries in Norton Sound have access to a variable mixture of stocks whose unique characteristics can be leveraged to examine the effects of directed harvest effort on stock health and diversity.
目标需要对沿岸渔业捕捞的太平洋鲑鱼种群组成进行估计,以平衡捕捞机会和保护。现代种群分类工具(如基因种群识别)的分辨率不足,可能会阻碍一些小型渔业的渔获量分配、我们利用声学遥测技术调查了阿拉斯加诺顿湾地区商业捕捞的种群组成,方法是模拟当地渔业,在连续的 Shaktoolik 和 Unalakleet 商业分区的两个季节捕获并标记 578 条 Coho Salmon O. kisutch。性别、捕获地点和捕获时间是预测种群成员的因素。根据项目年(2020 年和 2021 年)的商业捕捞数据拟合的模型估计,沙克托利克分区 32.9% 的捕捞量为沙克托利克种群,51.5% 为乌纳拉克利特种群,其余为其他过渡性种群。相反,在 Unalakleet 分区上岸的库鲑中,86.7% 为 Unalakleet 种群,而 Shaktoolik 种群和过渡性种群分别占不到 10%。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the Ecology of Stream‐Dwelling Salmonids. Edited by JavierLobon‐Cervia, PhaedraBudy, and RobertGresswell. Springer, Fish and Fisheries Series volume 44. 2024. 740 pages. $219.00 (e‐book), $279.99 (hardcover). 溪居鲑科动物生态学研究进展》。由 JavierLobon-Cervia, PhaedraBudy 和 RobertGresswell 编辑。Springer, Fish and Fisheries Series volume 44.2024.740 页。219.00美元(电子书),279.99美元(精装)。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10493
Thomas P. Quinn
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal movements between main stem and tributaries may facilitate the persistence of Roundtail Chub and Flannelmouth Sucker within an altered stream system 干流和支流之间的季节性移动可能有助于圆尾鲑和火绒嘴吸鲑在改变的溪流系统中持续生存
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10489
Alissa C. Magruder, Gabriel M. Barrile, Stephen Siddons, John Walrath, Annika W. Walters
ObjectiveMovement enables animals to complete their life history by responding to changing environmental conditions. Linking movement behaviors to life history characteristics can allow more targeted management applications for declining native fish populations. We identified seasonal movement patterns of Roundtail Chub Gila robusta and Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, two understudied species that currently occupy only a portion of their historical range in the Colorado River basin.MethodsWe coupled passive integrated transponder tag antenna systems with multistate capture–recapture models to quantify juvenile and adult movement between main‐stem and tributary habitats in the Blacks Fork subbasin of southwestern Wyoming during 2019–2021. We also evaluated how flow and temperature may cue the timing of seasonal movements.ResultAdults from both species made spring movements, likely associated with spawning, to reach upstream tributary habitat, though adult Flannelmouth Sucker movements were more common and longer. Roundtail Chub primarily moved into the Hams Fork, while Flannelmouth Sucker primarily moved into Muddy Creek, an intermittent tributary that was also identified as important for juvenile rearing. Juvenile movements occurred primarily during the fall months, with distance traveled comparable between species. Temperature and flow influenced the timing of spring movements for adult Flannelmouth Sucker, with rising temperatures triggering movement and low flow potentially limiting access to preferred spawning habitat.ConclusionIdentified movements likely contribute to Roundtail Chub and Flannelmouth Sucker persistence in this highly altered stream system and ultimately provide insights for management and recovery strategies to prevent further population declines.
目标移动使动物能够对不断变化的环境条件做出反应,从而完成其生活史。将移动行为与生活史特征联系起来,可以更有针对性地管理正在减少的本地鱼类种群。我们确定了圆尾鲦(Roundtail Chub Gila robusta)和火绒嘴吸盘鱼(Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis)的季节性移动模式,这两种鱼类目前在科罗拉多河流域只占据了其历史分布区的一部分。我们还评估了水流和温度如何影响季节性移动的时间。结果两个物种的成鱼都在春季移动,可能与产卵有关,以到达上游支流栖息地,但火绒嘴吸盘鱼成鱼的移动更为常见,时间也更长。圆尾鲢主要进入哈姆斯岔道,而火绒嘴吸盘鱼则主要进入Muddy溪,这是一条间歇性支流,也被认为是重要的幼鱼饲养地。幼体迁移主要发生在秋季,不同物种的迁移距离相当。温度和水流影响了火绒嘴吸盘鱼成鱼春季迁移的时间,温度升高会引发迁移,而低水流可能会限制它们进入喜欢的产卵栖息地。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial and temporal variability of movements among sympatric salmonids in an unfragmented inland watershed 同域鲑科鱼类在未分片的内陆水域中运动的时空变异性
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10485
Michael J. Lance, T. David Ritter, Alexander V. Zale, Grant G. Grisak, Jason A. Mullen, Stephen J. Walsh, Kurt C. Heim, Robert Al‐Chokhachy
ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the movement patterns of three abundant salmonids—Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss—in the Smith River watershed of Montana.MethodsWe tagged 7172 fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, monitored their movements past 15 stationary PIT arrays over 4 years, and located tagged fish between arrays by conducting mobile surveys.ResultMovement patterns varied seasonally, among species, and among locations. Movement was greatest in the middle portion of the watershed, which included a pristine main‐stem canyon and lower reaches of major tributaries. Fish rarely left the canyon, but movement into the canyon from other regions was common. Mountain Whitefish were most likely to move, and Brown Trout were least likely to move. Most fish travelled less than 10 km, but some fish travelled over 100 km. Distinct movement patterns were not evident; rather, a continuous spectrum of movement behaviors was apparent. Movements by Mountain Whitefish and Rainbow Trout increased during their spawning periods. Movements peaked when mean daily water temperatures were between 11.3 and 17.1°C.ConclusionMovements were diverse and probably contributed to metapopulation dynamics, population resiliency, and species diversity. Fish movements along stream networks connect populations across diverse landscapes, and therefore, protecting and restoring stream connectivity along inland streams such as the Smith River is critical to maintaining productive fish assemblages.
我们用被动集成转发器 (PIT) 标签标记了 7172 条鱼,在 4 年时间里监测了它们经过 15 个固定 PIT 阵列时的移动情况,并通过移动调查确定了阵列之间被标记鱼的位置。流域中部的鱼类活动最多,包括原始的主干峡谷和主要支流的下游。鱼类很少离开峡谷,但从其他地区进入峡谷的情况很常见。山白鲑最有可能迁移,而褐鳟鱼最不可能迁移。大多数鱼的移动距离不到 10 公里,但有些鱼的移动距离超过 100 公里。独特的移动模式并不明显;相反,移动行为的持续范围很明显。山白鲑鱼和彩虹鳟鱼在产卵期的移动量有所增加。当日平均水温在 11.3 至 17.1°C 之间时,移动达到高峰。沿溪流网络的鱼类活动将不同地貌的种群连接起来,因此,保护和恢复史密斯河等内陆溪流的溪流连通性对于维持富饶的鱼类群落至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Population viability analysis of Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River, New Mexico 新墨西哥州明布雷斯河 Chihuahua Chub 的种群生存能力分析
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10487
Giulio Del Piccolo, Zachary B. Klein, Matthew P. Zeigler
ObjectiveThe Chihuahua Chub Gila nigrescens is a species of conservation concern throughout its distribution. The species is threatened by habitat degradation, nonnative species, and stochastic events (e.g., wildfire and drought). Although conservation efforts are ongoing, it is unclear how Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River, New Mexico, respond to conservation actions and stochastic events.MethodsTo address these uncertainties, we collected population demographic and dynamics data on Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River and used the data to construct an age‐structured, female‐based population model. The model was used to evaluate the response of Chihuahua Chub to (1) habitat improvement, (2) conservation stocking, and (3) stochastic events. Habitat improvements were modeled as a 50% increase in current abundance. Conservation stocking was represented by two stocking regimes: annual “maintenance” stocking of 200 fish or “catastrophe” stocking of 400–1500 fish for two consecutive years after a stochastic event. The effects of stochastic events were represented by 20–95% reductions in annual survival. Each scenario was simulated for 5000 iterations over 25 years.ResultIn the absence of conservation actions, the Chihuahua Chub population was projected to decline due to stochastic events. However, stocking and habitat improvement decreased the risk of extirpation. When stochastic events resulted in a 95% decline in annual survival, catastrophe stocking reduced population declines in abundance by 47–58% relative to no conservation stocking. When stochastic events caused a 20% reduction in annual survival, habitat improvement increased the median population size after 25 years by almost 50% relative to no habitat improvements.ConclusionCollectively, our results suggest that an increase in habitat and conservation stocking efforts is likely the most effective approach for conserving Chihuahua Chub in the face of future stochastic events.
目标吉娃娃鲦鱼 Gila nigrescens 在其整个分布区都是受保护的物种。该物种受到栖息地退化、非本地物种和随机事件(如野火和干旱)的威胁。为了解决这些不确定性,我们收集了 Mimbres 河中 Chihuahua Chub 的种群人口和动态数据,并利用这些数据构建了一个基于年龄结构的雌性种群模型。该模型用于评估奇瓦瓦鲢对 (1) 生境改善、(2) 保护性放养和 (3) 随机事件的响应。栖息地改善被模拟为当前丰度的 50%增长。保护性放养由两种放养制度组成:每年放养 200 尾 "维持性 "鱼类或在随机事件发生后连续两年放养 400-1500 尾 "灾难性 "鱼类。随机事件的影响表现为年存活率下降 20-95%。结果 在没有采取保护措施的情况下,奇瓦瓦鲢的数量预计会因随机事件而下降。然而,放养和栖息地改善降低了灭绝的风险。当随机事件导致年存活率下降 95% 时,相对于不采取保护性放养措施,灾难性放养可使种群数量下降 47-58%。总之,我们的研究结果表明,面对未来的随机事件,增加栖息地和保护性放养可能是保护奇瓦瓦鲢最有效的方法。
{"title":"Population viability analysis of Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River, New Mexico","authors":"Giulio Del Piccolo, Zachary B. Klein, Matthew P. Zeigler","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10487","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe Chihuahua Chub <jats:italic>Gila nigrescens</jats:italic> is a species of conservation concern throughout its distribution. The species is threatened by habitat degradation, nonnative species, and stochastic events (e.g., wildfire and drought). Although conservation efforts are ongoing, it is unclear how Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River, New Mexico, respond to conservation actions and stochastic events.MethodsTo address these uncertainties, we collected population demographic and dynamics data on Chihuahua Chub in the Mimbres River and used the data to construct an age‐structured, female‐based population model. The model was used to evaluate the response of Chihuahua Chub to (1) habitat improvement, (2) conservation stocking, and (3) stochastic events. Habitat improvements were modeled as a 50% increase in current abundance. Conservation stocking was represented by two stocking regimes: annual “maintenance” stocking of 200 fish or “catastrophe” stocking of 400–1500 fish for two consecutive years after a stochastic event. The effects of stochastic events were represented by 20–95% reductions in annual survival. Each scenario was simulated for 5000 iterations over 25 years.ResultIn the absence of conservation actions, the Chihuahua Chub population was projected to decline due to stochastic events. However, stocking and habitat improvement decreased the risk of extirpation. When stochastic events resulted in a 95% decline in annual survival, catastrophe stocking reduced population declines in abundance by 47–58% relative to no conservation stocking. When stochastic events caused a 20% reduction in annual survival, habitat improvement increased the median population size after 25 years by almost 50% relative to no habitat improvements.ConclusionCollectively, our results suggest that an increase in habitat and conservation stocking efforts is likely the most effective approach for conserving Chihuahua Chub in the face of future stochastic events.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Allometric shifts in foraging site selection and area increase energy intake for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout but are constrained by functional limits to prey capture 觅食地点选择和面积的异速变化增加了黄石切喉鳟的能量摄入,但受到捕获猎物功能限制的制约
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10484
Tyson B. Hallbert, Ernest R. Keeley
ObjectiveFor foraging animals, energy acquisition is often influenced by an interaction of prey abundance and the amount of space needed to capture sufficient food. Suitable habitat includes those locations where prey capture rates are sufficient to meet energetic requirements for growth and reproduction. Hence, quantifying how space use changes with energy requirements and how prey densities affect prey capture rates in foraging animals provides insight into the mechanisms that create suitable habitat. Here, we were interested in assessing how body size influences foraging site selection, space use, and energy intake by Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri. Furthermore, we sought to quantify how foraging rates changed with increasing levels of food.MethodsWe recorded Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout foraging behavior in natural streams and measured space use and foraging rates using three‐dimensional videography.ResultWe found that physical habitat features, such as current velocity, water depth, and foraging distance, were positively correlated with fish body size, but when foraging area was compared to a model of space use, we found that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout used less space to capture prey than the model predicted. Fish foraging rates and estimated energy intake also increased with increasing prey availability; however, trout captured prey according to a type II functional response, indicating an upper limit to prey capture from handling time constraints.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout display allometric changes in foraging habitat use: larger fish can occupy deeper and faster areas that increase prey encounter rates, but as prey encounter rates increase, the foraging rates become limited by an individual's ability to identify, pursue, and handle prey items.
目标对于觅食动物来说,能量获取往往受到猎物丰度和捕获足够食物所需空间大小的相互作用的影响。合适的栖息地包括那些猎物捕获率足以满足生长和繁殖所需能量的地点。因此,量化觅食动物的空间利用如何随能量需求而变化,以及猎物密度如何影响猎物捕获率,有助于深入了解创造适宜栖息地的机制。在这里,我们有兴趣评估体型如何影响黄石切喉鳟的觅食地点选择、空间利用和能量摄入。结果我们发现,物理栖息地特征(如流速、水深和觅食距离)与鱼体大小呈正相关,但当将觅食面积与空间利用模型进行比较时,我们发现黄石切喉鳟捕获猎物所使用的空间比模型预测的要小。这些数据表明,黄石切喉鳟在觅食栖息地利用方面显示出异速变化:较大的鱼可以占据更深、更快的区域,从而提高猎物相遇率,但随着猎物相遇率的提高,觅食率会受到个体识别、追逐和处理猎物能力的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental cues for downstream‐migrating American Eel at a hydroelectric facility 水电设施中顺流而下的美洲鳗鱼的环境线索
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10482
Christopher Manhard, Justin Krebs, Carlos Lozano, Fred Jacobs, Peter Sturke, Ben Eberline, Taylor Allen, Corey Chamberlain
ObjectiveThe purpose of study was to identify environmental factors that influence downstream migration and passage of American Eels Anguilla rostrata in Roanoke Rapids Lake, a reservoir on the Roanoke River formed by the Roanoke Rapids Dam and Power Station.MethodsYellow‐ and silver‐phase American Eels were outfitted with acoustic transmitters and monitored during four out‐migration periods from October 2019 through March 2023 using acoustic telemetry receivers placed in Roanoke Rapids Lake and the Roanoke River downstream of the power station. The timing of downstream passage through the power station was determined using acoustic detection data. Poisson regression models were used to analyze American Eel detections in the context of environmental variables that were hypothesized to cue out‐migration.ResultOut‐migration probability of American Eels from Roanoke Rapids Lake was influenced by time of day, rainfall, and change in lake level attributable to hydropower operations. Predictive models of out‐migration probability demonstrated that the number of migrating American Eels was widely variable across environmental conditions and was particularly sensitive to changes in lake level.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that management actions, such as scheduled water releases from a dam and the consequent change in lake level (or correlated factors), can influence the onset and timing of American Eel out‐migration.
研究旨在确定影响罗阿诺克急流湖(罗阿诺克急流大坝和电站形成的罗阿诺克河上的一个水库)中美洲鳗鲡(Anguilla rostrata)下游洄游和通过的环境因素。方法在2019年10月至2023年3月的四个外迁期间,在电站下游的罗阿诺克急流湖和罗阿诺克河上安装了黄相和银相美洲鳗鲡声学发射器,并使用声学遥测接收器对其进行监测。利用声学探测数据确定下游通过电站的时间。结果 美国鳗鱼从罗诺克急流湖迁出的概率受一天中的时间、降雨量和水电运行导致的湖面变化的影响。洄游概率的预测模型表明,在不同的环境条件下,美洲鳗的洄游数量变化很大,而且对湖泊水位的变化特别敏感。结论这项研究的结果表明,管理措施,如大坝的计划放水和随之而来的湖泊水位变化(或相关因素),会影响美洲鳗洄游的开始和时间。
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引用次数: 0
Functional turnover in a prairie river fish community over 130 years 130 多年来草原河流鱼类群落的功能更替
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10479
Niall G. Clancy, Jonathan A. McFarland, Megan G. Ahern, Annika W. Walters
ObjectiveIn many Great Plains rivers, functional turnover—the change in proportional dominance of members in biological communities that fill certain ecological roles—has occurred due to impoundment and habitat alteration. The Powder River of Montana and Wyoming remains one of the few unregulated prairie rivers, but long‐term monitoring is limited, so we analyzed changes over time at the functional, assemblage, and species levels.MethodsWe used fish sampling data from 43 different sources collected from 1893 to 2022 to analyze trends in fish communities.ResultAcross the main‐stem Powder River, Sand Shiner Miniellus stramineus and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus substantially increased in abundance, whereas Sturgeon Chub Macrhybopsis gelida decreased. While most other species did not show significant changes in relative abundance (although the always rare Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus may have been extirpated), significant functional turnover occurred in the upper river due to increases in generalist feeders, predators, omnivores, and cavity‐guarding species, with declines in benthic feeders, invertivores, and pelagic broadcast spawners, among others. Community and functional changes were more substantial in the upper river than in the lower river, possibly due to augmented streamflow from a major tributary.ConclusionFunctional turnover within the upper river was substantial despite the relative stability of most individual species, even when the Sand Shiner—the most significantly increasing species—was excluded from analysis. This suggests small but consistent increases and decreases within functional groups, which cumulatively are likely impacting the ecosystem. We hypothesize a complex set of mechanisms causing these changes that offer avenues for future work. The collation of data from disparate studies and the resampling of even a limited number of historical fish collection locations can greatly aid in identifying potential fish community changes in systems where monitoring is limited.
目标 在大平原的许多河流中,由于蓄水和生境改变,出现了功能更替--生物群落中发挥特定生态作用的成员比例发生了变化。蒙大拿州和怀俄明州的粉河仍是为数不多的未受管制的草原河流之一,但长期监测有限,因此我们从功能、群落和物种层面分析了随着时间推移发生的变化。结果在整个粉河干流中,沙鲦 Miniellus stramineus 和峡鲶 Ictalurus punctatus 的数量大幅增加,而鲟鱼鲦 Macrhybopsis gelida 的数量则有所减少。虽然大多数其他物种的相对丰度没有发生重大变化(尽管一直罕见的湖鲢可能已经灭绝),但由于通食性、捕食性、杂食性和护腔性物种的增加,以及底栖食鱼类、无脊椎动物和中上层播散产卵者等物种的减少,上游河段发生了显著的功能变化。与下游相比,上游河流的群落和功能变化更为显著,这可能是由于一条主要支流增加了水流量。这表明,功能群内部的增减幅度虽小,但却具有一致性,累积起来可能会对生态系统产生影响。我们假设造成这些变化的机制很复杂,这为今后的工作提供了途径。对不同研究的数据进行整理,甚至对数量有限的历史鱼类采集地点进行重新取样,都能极大地帮助识别监测有限的系统中潜在的鱼类群落变化。
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引用次数: 0
Feeding habits and ecological implications of the invasive Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州苏斯奎汉纳河流域外来扁头鲶鱼的摄食习性和生态影响
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10480
Sydney Stark, Megan K. Schall, Geoffrey D. Smith, Aaron P. Maloy, Jason A. Coombs, Tyler Wagner, Julian Avery
ObjectiveFlathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris are a widespread aquatic invasive species within the United States and a recent invader in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. Flathead Catfish are piscivores known to consume native and recreationally important fish species. In the mid‐Atlantic United States, it is unknown how this invader is impacting food webs and which species may be at greatest predation risk. To address this knowledge gap, we DNA barcoded stomach contents collected from Flathead Catfish to identify prey species and elucidate potential predatory impacts of Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River.MethodsWe used a Bayesian hierarchical multivariate probit model to investigate if the probability of prey species occurrence in the diets of Flathead Catfish varied seasonally or was a function of Flathead Catfish length.ResultA total of 576 Flathead Catfish were collected during 2020–2021, with 241 individuals having recoverable stomach contents. In all, we identified 47 different prey species. The most common prey species were rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus, Margined Madtom Noturus insignis, and shiners Notropis spp. While frequency of occurrence of prey species differed across Flathead Catfish length classes (<300 mm, 301–600 mm, 601–900 mm TL), rusty crayfish were commonly found (33.7–44.0% of diets) in stomachs of all size‐classes.ConclusionWe found that Flathead Catfish length and seasonality did influence occurrence probability differentially for several prey species. For example, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus were more likely to appear in shorter Flathead Catfish while Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu appeared in larger Flathead Catfish. We demonstrate significant variation in Flathead Catfish predation, increasing our understanding of predator–prey dynamics, which is necessary to better manage and identify future impacts to aquatic communities in the Susquehanna River basin.
目标平头鲶(Pylodictis olivaris)是美国一种广泛的水生入侵物种,最近入侵了宾夕法尼亚州的苏斯奎汉纳河流域。扁头鲶是一种食鱼动物,以捕食本地鱼类和重要的休闲鱼类而闻名。在美国大西洋中部,这种入侵者如何影响食物网以及哪些物种可能面临最大的捕食风险尚不清楚。为了填补这一知识空白,我们对从平头鲶鱼身上采集到的胃内容物进行了DNA条形码编码,以确定猎物物种并阐明平头鲶鱼在苏斯奎汉纳河中的潜在捕食影响。方法我们使用贝叶斯分层多变量概率模型来研究猎物物种在平头鲶鱼食物中出现的概率是否随季节变化或与平头鲶鱼的体长有关。我们总共鉴定出 47 种不同的猎物。最常见的猎物物种是锈色小龙虾(Faxonius rusticus)、薮鳢(Noturus insignis)和胫鱼(Notropis spp)。虽然不同长度等级的平头鲶(<300 mm, 301-600 mm, 601-900 mm TL)出现猎物物种的频率不同,但锈色小龙虾是常见的猎物(33.结论我们发现,鲶鱼的体长和季节性确实会对几种猎物的出现概率产生不同的影响。例如,峡鲶(Ictalurus punctatus)更有可能出现在较短的平头鲶中,而小口鲈(Micropterus dolomieu)则出现在较大的平头鲶中。我们展示了平头鲶捕食的显著变化,增加了我们对捕食者-猎物动态的了解,这对于更好地管理和确定未来对苏斯奎汉纳河流域水生生物群落的影响是必要的。
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Transactions of The American Fisheries Society
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