Beth Chasnoff Long, Peter B. Moyle, Matthew J. Young, Patrick K. Crain
ObjectiveThe Redeye Bass Micropterus coosae is a piscivore introduced into California, which has become a threat to the state's endemic freshwater fishes. It has eliminated native fishes from the middle reaches of the Cosumnes River, our study stream, which is the largest stream without a major dam on its main stem in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River drainage, central California, USA. We thoroughly documented its novel life history and ecology in California to shed light on why it has been such a successful invader despite its relatively small native range.MethodsOver 4000 stable carbon and nitrogen isotope samples were utilized to refine our understanding of fish trophic position within the river food web, along with a stable isotope mixing model that accounts for uncertainty in trophic enrichment data.ResultGrowth was slow, with an adult size range of 9–25 cm standard length (SL), although few were larger than 15‐cm SL (5–6 years old). Stable isotope analyses showed that Redeye Bass dominate the river ecosystem to the exclusion of most native fishes, occupying multiple trophic levels and microhabitats. Adults largely consumed non‐native crayfish and large aquatic insects, while juveniles consumed aquatic insects, the size of prey increasing with Redeye Bass length. There was no evidence of cannibalism. Redeye Bass have effectively occupied the diverse trophic positions of at least four native fish species and have altered the trophic position of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in sites where they co‐occur with bass.ConclusionThe introduction of Redeye Bass poses a continuing threat to native stream fishes in California and elsewhere.
{"title":"Age, growth, and trophic ecology of the Redeye Bass, an introduced invader of California rivers","authors":"Beth Chasnoff Long, Peter B. Moyle, Matthew J. Young, Patrick K. Crain","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10477","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe Redeye Bass <jats:italic>Micropterus coosae</jats:italic> is a piscivore introduced into California, which has become a threat to the state's endemic freshwater fishes. It has eliminated native fishes from the middle reaches of the Cosumnes River, our study stream, which is the largest stream without a major dam on its main stem in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River drainage, central California, USA. We thoroughly documented its novel life history and ecology in California to shed light on why it has been such a successful invader despite its relatively small native range.MethodsOver 4000 stable carbon and nitrogen isotope samples were utilized to refine our understanding of fish trophic position within the river food web, along with a stable isotope mixing model that accounts for uncertainty in trophic enrichment data.ResultGrowth was slow, with an adult size range of 9–25 cm standard length (SL), although few were larger than 15‐cm SL (5–6 years old). Stable isotope analyses showed that Redeye Bass dominate the river ecosystem to the exclusion of most native fishes, occupying multiple trophic levels and microhabitats. Adults largely consumed non‐native crayfish and large aquatic insects, while juveniles consumed aquatic insects, the size of prey increasing with Redeye Bass length. There was no evidence of cannibalism. Redeye Bass have effectively occupied the diverse trophic positions of at least four native fish species and have altered the trophic position of Rainbow Trout <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</jats:italic> in sites where they co‐occur with bass.ConclusionThe introduction of Redeye Bass poses a continuing threat to native stream fishes in California and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas P. Van Vleet, Darren M. Ward, Nicholas A. Som, Daniel C. Barton, Colin Anderson, Mark J. Henderson
ObjectiveMany mark–recapture models assume that releases and recaptures are discrete events, and researchers often aggregate continuous recapture data (e.g., passive integrated transponder [PIT] detections) into coarse temporal scales to satisfy this assumption. This temporal discretization could result in parameter biases by ignoring the individual heterogeneity in the time susceptible to mortality after recapture and the conditions experienced (e.g., temperature and predation risk) before and after recapture. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the amount of bias in survival and emigration rates due to different temporal discretization durations when recapture events occur continuously and (2) apply this semicontinuous model to estimate rates of early emigration and overwinter survival for Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a coastal California watershed.MethodsWe developed a semicontinuous time multistate mark–recapture model to separately estimated emigration and survival rates throughout the year. We used weekly time‐varying occasions paired with discrete spatial states and conducted extensive simulation trials to explore potential model bias. We then applied the model to an existing 4‐year dataset of Coho Salmon PIT tag detections.ResultOur simulations indicated that that the amount of bias in survival and movement rates decreased as the temporal discretization duration decreased. The confidence interval of the bias estimates included zero with a duration of 8 days, indicating that this duration was sufficiently short to model movement and survival. Results from our Coho Salmon analysis suggest that overwinter survival rate ranged from 0.72 to 0.83, which is higher than previous estimates for Coho Salmon in this region. We estimate that a substantial proportion of smaller juveniles (0.21–0.28 annually) move to downstream nonnatal rearing habitats before the spring smolt migration.ConclusionOur semicontinuous modeling approach can be implemented relatively easily and used to analyze continuous detection data to accurately estimate survival and movement rates. Our analysis of Coho Salmon PIT tag detections implies that previous low estimates of apparent overwinter survival of Coho Salmon were partially due to high movement rates to alternative rearing locations. This contrasts with conclusions from the previous research that suggested that overwinter survival was a major limiting factor for population recovery and implies that species recovery may be improved by considering multiple emigration patterns in the design of future research, monitoring, and restoration projects.
{"title":"It's about time: A multistate semicontinuous time mark–recapture model to evaluate seasonal survival and movement rates of juvenile Coho Salmon in a small coastal watershed","authors":"Nicholas P. Van Vleet, Darren M. Ward, Nicholas A. Som, Daniel C. Barton, Colin Anderson, Mark J. Henderson","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10471","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveMany mark–recapture models assume that releases and recaptures are discrete events, and researchers often aggregate continuous recapture data (e.g., passive integrated transponder [PIT] detections) into coarse temporal scales to satisfy this assumption. This temporal discretization could result in parameter biases by ignoring the individual heterogeneity in the time susceptible to mortality after recapture and the conditions experienced (e.g., temperature and predation risk) before and after recapture. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the amount of bias in survival and emigration rates due to different temporal discretization durations when recapture events occur continuously and (2) apply this semicontinuous model to estimate rates of early emigration and overwinter survival for Coho Salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus kisutch</jats:italic> in a coastal California watershed.MethodsWe developed a semicontinuous time multistate mark–recapture model to separately estimated emigration and survival rates throughout the year. We used weekly time‐varying occasions paired with discrete spatial states and conducted extensive simulation trials to explore potential model bias. We then applied the model to an existing 4‐year dataset of Coho Salmon PIT tag detections.ResultOur simulations indicated that that the amount of bias in survival and movement rates decreased as the temporal discretization duration decreased. The confidence interval of the bias estimates included zero with a duration of 8 days, indicating that this duration was sufficiently short to model movement and survival. Results from our Coho Salmon analysis suggest that overwinter survival rate ranged from 0.72 to 0.83, which is higher than previous estimates for Coho Salmon in this region. We estimate that a substantial proportion of smaller juveniles (0.21–0.28 annually) move to downstream nonnatal rearing habitats before the spring smolt migration.ConclusionOur semicontinuous modeling approach can be implemented relatively easily and used to analyze continuous detection data to accurately estimate survival and movement rates. Our analysis of Coho Salmon PIT tag detections implies that previous low estimates of apparent overwinter survival of Coho Salmon were partially due to high movement rates to alternative rearing locations. This contrasts with conclusions from the previous research that suggested that overwinter survival was a major limiting factor for population recovery and implies that species recovery may be improved by considering multiple emigration patterns in the design of future research, monitoring, and restoration projects.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse J. Lamb, Benjamin P. Sandford, Steven G. Smith, Gordon A. Axel
ObjectivesAnnual migration monitoring can help to discern patterns and environmental factors that impact growth, survival, and movement timing in small fish. Mark–recapture methods form the basis for such monitoring, and the standard 12‐mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag has emerged as an essential tool for studies of juvenile salmonids. A smaller, 9‐mm PIT tag now provides the potential to conduct mark–recapture studies on smaller fish. We evaluated relative performance of the 9‐mm tag, which is similar in design to its 12‐mm predecessor.MethodsFor this comparison, we tagged and released approximately 8400 wild spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr in Valley Creek, Idaho, from 2011 to 2013. Tag‐size cohorts were of similar average body size and were tagged in equal numbers. We estimated survival and detection probability for each cohort over two river segments.ResultsIn both segments, survival varied among years, but we observed no significant differences between tag‐size groups. At Valley Creek, average detection rates of fish with 9‐mm tags were a little less than one‐half the rates of fish with 12‐mm tags and were significantly lower in all 3 years. At Lower Granite Dam, detection rates were again lower for 9‐mm tags, but the differences were much smaller (3%–12%) and were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe found that 9‐mm tags can be as effective as 12‐mm tags and may allow for better inference to smaller (<55‐mm) non‐tagged fish. However, the lower detection rates of the 9‐mm tags could lead to less precise estimates, and site‐specific detection rates should be considered for studies that rely on these tags.
{"title":"Comparing standard‐ and reduced‐size passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for monitoring juvenile wild spring Chinook Salmon","authors":"Jesse J. Lamb, Benjamin P. Sandford, Steven G. Smith, Gordon A. Axel","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10472","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesAnnual migration monitoring can help to discern patterns and environmental factors that impact growth, survival, and movement timing in small fish. Mark–recapture methods form the basis for such monitoring, and the standard 12‐mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag has emerged as an essential tool for studies of juvenile salmonids. A smaller, 9‐mm PIT tag now provides the potential to conduct mark–recapture studies on smaller fish. We evaluated relative performance of the 9‐mm tag, which is similar in design to its 12‐mm predecessor.MethodsFor this comparison, we tagged and released approximately 8400 wild spring Chinook Salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</jats:italic> parr in Valley Creek, Idaho, from 2011 to 2013. Tag‐size cohorts were of similar average body size and were tagged in equal numbers. We estimated survival and detection probability for each cohort over two river segments.ResultsIn both segments, survival varied among years, but we observed no significant differences between tag‐size groups. At Valley Creek, average detection rates of fish with 9‐mm tags were a little less than one‐half the rates of fish with 12‐mm tags and were significantly lower in all 3 years. At Lower Granite Dam, detection rates were again lower for 9‐mm tags, but the differences were much smaller (3%–12%) and were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe found that 9‐mm tags can be as effective as 12‐mm tags and may allow for better inference to smaller (<55‐mm) non‐tagged fish. However, the lower detection rates of the 9‐mm tags could lead to less precise estimates, and site‐specific detection rates should be considered for studies that rely on these tags.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Craig A. Steele, Audrey Harris, Matthew Campbell, David A. Venditti
ObjectiveParentage analysis is a routine methodology in fisheries research, but study systems exist where it is impractical to sample both parents. The ability to reliably assign offspring to a single parent is beneficial in these situations. We applied single‐parentage assignments to a naturally spawning population of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to quantify production of anadromous returns by unsampled precocial males.MethodsWe used an approach that focused on two important aspects of parentage analyses: (1) addressing the presence of family structure within the set of sampled parents and (2) controlling for false‐positive and false‐negative assignments.ResultResults indicated that 30% of reproductively successful males were precocial males, which produced 20% of the returning anadromous offspring.ConclusionThis study provides a framework for applying single‐parent assignments in a salmonid study system while explicitly addressing sources of assignment errors.
{"title":"Inferring precocial Chinook Salmon production through single‐parentage assignments","authors":"Craig A. Steele, Audrey Harris, Matthew Campbell, David A. Venditti","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10476","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveParentage analysis is a routine methodology in fisheries research, but study systems exist where it is impractical to sample both parents. The ability to reliably assign offspring to a single parent is beneficial in these situations. We applied single‐parentage assignments to a naturally spawning population of Chinook Salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</jats:italic> to quantify production of anadromous returns by unsampled precocial males.MethodsWe used an approach that focused on two important aspects of parentage analyses: (1) addressing the presence of family structure within the set of sampled parents and (2) controlling for false‐positive and false‐negative assignments.ResultResults indicated that 30% of reproductively successful males were precocial males, which produced 20% of the returning anadromous offspring.ConclusionThis study provides a framework for applying single‐parent assignments in a salmonid study system while explicitly addressing sources of assignment errors.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyle J. Hintz, Jason M. Qualich, Baileeanne E. Brunais, Michael J. Louison
ObjectiveCatch‐and‐release angling is an oft‐practiced conservation tool involving the release of captured game fish either due to harvest regulations or conservation ethic on the part of the angler. Central to this practice is the assumption that released fish survive; however, a large body of work has shown that postrelease mortality can occur, especially if fish are injured during the capture process. In this study, we examined hooking location, bleeding, injury rates, and postcapture physiology in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, a popular game fish species.MethodsA total of 83 Channel Catfish were angled from a lake in southern Illinois using conventional rod‐and‐reel techniques with one of four hook types (J‐hook, shiner, circle, and octopus). Captured fish were then assessed for hooking depth, bleeding, and injury. Subsequently, a subset of 40 fish were additionally held for 4 h in submerged totes before being tested for reflex responsiveness and undergoing a blood biopsy for glucose and lactate levels.ResultCircle and octopus hooks reduced hooking depth in Channel Catfish compared with J‐hooks and tended to reduce postcapture bleeding as well. Postholding physiological results showed no effect of hook type on blood lactate or glucose levels, and reflex impairment was very rare (only a single fish was impaired for any reflexes 4 h postcapture).ConclusionOverall, the results of this study suggest that the use of circle hooks reduce the likelihood of deep hooking and injury in Channel Catfish, though Channel Catfish, at least in the short term, were physiologically resilient to the effects of capture.
{"title":"Impact of hook choice, fish size, and water temperature on hooking depth, injury, and postcapture physiology in Channel Catfish","authors":"Kyle J. Hintz, Jason M. Qualich, Baileeanne E. Brunais, Michael J. Louison","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10473","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveCatch‐and‐release angling is an oft‐practiced conservation tool involving the release of captured game fish either due to harvest regulations or conservation ethic on the part of the angler. Central to this practice is the assumption that released fish survive; however, a large body of work has shown that postrelease mortality can occur, especially if fish are injured during the capture process. In this study, we examined hooking location, bleeding, injury rates, and postcapture physiology in Channel Catfish <jats:italic>Ictalurus punctatus,</jats:italic> a popular game fish species.MethodsA total of 83 Channel Catfish were angled from a lake in southern Illinois using conventional rod‐and‐reel techniques with one of four hook types (J‐hook, shiner, circle, and octopus). Captured fish were then assessed for hooking depth, bleeding, and injury. Subsequently, a subset of 40 fish were additionally held for 4 h in submerged totes before being tested for reflex responsiveness and undergoing a blood biopsy for glucose and lactate levels.ResultCircle and octopus hooks reduced hooking depth in Channel Catfish compared with J‐hooks and tended to reduce postcapture bleeding as well. Postholding physiological results showed no effect of hook type on blood lactate or glucose levels, and reflex impairment was very rare (only a single fish was impaired for any reflexes 4 h postcapture).ConclusionOverall, the results of this study suggest that the use of circle hooks reduce the likelihood of deep hooking and injury in Channel Catfish, though Channel Catfish, at least in the short term, were physiologically resilient to the effects of capture.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaina A. Taylor, Alison R. Loeppky, Margaret H. Stadig, W. Gary Anderson
ObjectiveNonlethally sampled pectoral fin rays are commonly used as aging structures for Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, but they tend to underestimate the true age in older, slow‐growing individuals (age > 14 years). Current aging practices involve counting bands along the structure, which are construed as annuli. Oscillations of certain trace elements corresponding with annuli have been seen across various fish species, with patterns continuing to the marginal edge of hard structures. This study explored the aging of fin rays by using microchemistry patterns in Lake Sturgeon of known age (n = 94; ages 5–21) to determine the potential use of this method as an alternative or supplementary aging technique.MethodsElements were chosen for age determination analysis by examining the relationship between profile minima/maxima and visually interpreted annuli. Fish were assigned ages using three different methods: (1) traditional interpretation (counting annuli along the structure), (2) chemical interpretation (examination of seasonal variations in elemental profiles with visually identified annuli), and (3) a statistical model (multivariate multiple changepoint analysis with finite differencing using raw elemental profiles).ResultMean absolute differences between age estimates and known age were significantly higher for the traditional interpretation method than for the chemical interpretation method. The mean coefficient of variation in estimated age was 11.14% for the traditional interpretation method and 4.04% for the chemical interpretation method. The changepoint model was able to correctly classify age for 100% of the samples within ±1 year in one population (ages 5–8) but could not classify samples from the second population (ages 12–21).ConclusionOur results suggest that chemical aging techniques could provide more reliable age estimates for juvenile and subadult Lake Sturgeon when fin rays are the only aging option. Further work is required to determine the applicability of the model for assigning ages to older fish and for use with different populations and structures.
{"title":"Using seasonal oscillations in fin ray microchemistry to chemically age Lake Sturgeon","authors":"Alaina A. Taylor, Alison R. Loeppky, Margaret H. Stadig, W. Gary Anderson","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10470","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveNonlethally sampled pectoral fin rays are commonly used as aging structures for Lake Sturgeon <jats:italic>Acipenser fulvescens</jats:italic>, but they tend to underestimate the true age in older, slow‐growing individuals (age > 14 years). Current aging practices involve counting bands along the structure, which are construed as annuli. Oscillations of certain trace elements corresponding with annuli have been seen across various fish species, with patterns continuing to the marginal edge of hard structures. This study explored the aging of fin rays by using microchemistry patterns in Lake Sturgeon of known age (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 94; ages 5–21) to determine the potential use of this method as an alternative or supplementary aging technique.MethodsElements were chosen for age determination analysis by examining the relationship between profile minima/maxima and visually interpreted annuli. Fish were assigned ages using three different methods: (1) traditional interpretation (counting annuli along the structure), (2) chemical interpretation (examination of seasonal variations in elemental profiles with visually identified annuli), and (3) a statistical model (multivariate multiple changepoint analysis with finite differencing using raw elemental profiles).ResultMean absolute differences between age estimates and known age were significantly higher for the traditional interpretation method than for the chemical interpretation method. The mean coefficient of variation in estimated age was 11.14% for the traditional interpretation method and 4.04% for the chemical interpretation method. The changepoint model was able to correctly classify age for 100% of the samples within ±1 year in one population (ages 5–8) but could not classify samples from the second population (ages 12–21).ConclusionOur results suggest that chemical aging techniques could provide more reliable age estimates for juvenile and subadult Lake Sturgeon when fin rays are the only aging option. Further work is required to determine the applicability of the model for assigning ages to older fish and for use with different populations and structures.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cory M. Hartman, Kyle J. Hartman, Cory J. Bauerlien
Our objective was to compare wild and hatchery sourced Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis to determine the importance of source population on routine respiration rate (RRR), the major cost term in bioenergetic models.We evaluated intraspecific variation in RRRs of one hatchery and four wild Brook Trout populations. Hatchery fish were obtained from the Bowden State Fish Hatchery in Elkins, West Virginia, and were the basis for the previously published bioenergetics model for the species. Wild fish were obtained from four headwater streams in West Virginia. Using intermittent respirometry, we measured and analyzed RRRs sequentially at 20, 16, and 12°C. Measures on hatchery fish were censored to restrict the dataset to similar sizes and temperatures as used with the wild populations. We used a suite of mixed effects models and one linear model to compare RRRs of hatchery fish with wild fish, as well as to determine whether wild populations differed.We found that the RRR of hatchery fish was double that of wild fish over the range of 12–20°C. Within the wild populations, the RRR of the Potomac drainage fish was lower than two of the three Ohio drainage populations despite all steams falling within 55 km of each other.Our findings suggest that selective pressures at the hatchery, as well as factors that influence thermal regimes in wild populations, likely influence RRR in Brook Trout. More research is needed to identify correlates related to intraspecific variation in fish respiration rates. Most fish bioenergetics models are not based on, or calibrated to, the specific population to which they are applied. Therefore, we encourage greater efforts be expended to calibrate and validate such models in the future.
{"title":"Variation in resting respiration rate of Brook Trout among source populations: Implications for bioenergetic models","authors":"Cory M. Hartman, Kyle J. Hartman, Cory J. Bauerlien","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10469","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective was to compare wild and hatchery sourced Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis to determine the importance of source population on routine respiration rate (RRR), the major cost term in bioenergetic models.We evaluated intraspecific variation in RRRs of one hatchery and four wild Brook Trout populations. Hatchery fish were obtained from the Bowden State Fish Hatchery in Elkins, West Virginia, and were the basis for the previously published bioenergetics model for the species. Wild fish were obtained from four headwater streams in West Virginia. Using intermittent respirometry, we measured and analyzed RRRs sequentially at 20, 16, and 12°C. Measures on hatchery fish were censored to restrict the dataset to similar sizes and temperatures as used with the wild populations. We used a suite of mixed effects models and one linear model to compare RRRs of hatchery fish with wild fish, as well as to determine whether wild populations differed.We found that the RRR of hatchery fish was double that of wild fish over the range of 12–20°C. Within the wild populations, the RRR of the Potomac drainage fish was lower than two of the three Ohio drainage populations despite all steams falling within 55 km of each other.Our findings suggest that selective pressures at the hatchery, as well as factors that influence thermal regimes in wild populations, likely influence RRR in Brook Trout. More research is needed to identify correlates related to intraspecific variation in fish respiration rates. Most fish bioenergetics models are not based on, or calibrated to, the specific population to which they are applied. Therefore, we encourage greater efforts be expended to calibrate and validate such models in the future.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina S. Larson, Anindo Choudhury, Ethan N. Gardner, Peter Konstantinidis, C. Murphy, M. L. Kent, James T. Peterson, Claire E. Couch
Dams and reservoirs can alter juvenile growth and survival of migratory salmonids through several physical and biological mechanisms. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that are produced upstream of large hydropower dams may have associated passage mortality, but the reservoirs created by these dams can support rapid growth. Characterizing the biotic drivers of growth and mortality in reservoirs may aid in understanding the cumulative effects of river impoundments on migratory salmonid populations. The purpose of this study was to understand how reservoirs facilitate rapid growth in juvenile Chinook Salmon.We analyzed stomach contents to determine diet composition throughout the summer and fall. We also recorded prevalence of the parasitic nematode Philonema sp. in the coeloms of fish.We found that juvenile Chinook Salmon frequently consumed young‐of‐year centrarchids, which likely contributed to rapid growth. Piscivory was highest from July through October and decreased with surface temperature from November through December. Correspondingly, zooplankton and arthropod consumption increased in November and December. Prevalence of visible Philonema sp. infections in the coelom was high (34.6%), negatively associated with time, and nonlinearly associated with fork length.These findings reveal unique diet patterns and suggest potential parasite‐associated mortality in reservoir‐rearing Chinook Salmon, but more detailed studies across a longer time scale are needed to robustly assess the population‐level effects of this parasite.
{"title":"Unique diet and Philonema sp. infections in reservoir‐rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon","authors":"Marina S. Larson, Anindo Choudhury, Ethan N. Gardner, Peter Konstantinidis, C. Murphy, M. L. Kent, James T. Peterson, Claire E. Couch","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10462","url":null,"abstract":"Dams and reservoirs can alter juvenile growth and survival of migratory salmonids through several physical and biological mechanisms. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that are produced upstream of large hydropower dams may have associated passage mortality, but the reservoirs created by these dams can support rapid growth. Characterizing the biotic drivers of growth and mortality in reservoirs may aid in understanding the cumulative effects of river impoundments on migratory salmonid populations. The purpose of this study was to understand how reservoirs facilitate rapid growth in juvenile Chinook Salmon.We analyzed stomach contents to determine diet composition throughout the summer and fall. We also recorded prevalence of the parasitic nematode Philonema sp. in the coeloms of fish.We found that juvenile Chinook Salmon frequently consumed young‐of‐year centrarchids, which likely contributed to rapid growth. Piscivory was highest from July through October and decreased with surface temperature from November through December. Correspondingly, zooplankton and arthropod consumption increased in November and December. Prevalence of visible Philonema sp. infections in the coelom was high (34.6%), negatively associated with time, and nonlinearly associated with fork length.These findings reveal unique diet patterns and suggest potential parasite‐associated mortality in reservoir‐rearing Chinook Salmon, but more detailed studies across a longer time scale are needed to robustly assess the population‐level effects of this parasite.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer S. O'Neal, Colin Riordan, Julia Jay, Erin Douglas Lowery, Mike LeMoine, Susan Dickerson‐Lange
ObjectiveDespite decades of restoration work, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Pacific Northwest remain under the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Chinook Salmon in the Skagit River basin play a vital role in the abundance and recovery of the Puget Sound Chinook Salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit, which is currently listed as threatened under the ESA. The stream‐type juvenile (STJ) life history pattern of Chinook Salmon in the Skagit River has higher ocean survival to the adult stage (i.e., productivity) than that of parr or fry out‐migrants, and improvement in STJ Chinook Salmon habitat could increase abundance and diversity in the Skagit River basin. Our objective was to provide recommended ranges of variables shown to influence habitat selection in floodplains by STJ Chinook Salmon.MethodsUsing field observations from 70 sites within the Skagit River basin, we developed generalized linear mixed‐effects models across three seasons in floodplain habitats to correlate variable ranges with densities of STJ Chinook Salmon.ResultModel accuracy varied by season (summer: R2 = 0.24; winter: R2 = 0.56; spring: R2 = 0.54), and significant parameters included velocity, substrate, depth range, and distance to the closest connection with the main stem. Additional significant factors included wood cover, maximum water temperature, velocity range, and interaction of the ranges of velocity and depth. Recommended ranges for habitat variables associated with the highest densities of STJ Chinook Salmon include depths of 40–68 cm, velocities of 0.06–0.33 m/s, substrate sizes of 3–36 mm, and distances of 33–119 m to the main‐stem connection. Water temperatures associated with high juvenile densities varied by season (winter: 4–6°C; summer: 9–14°C).ConclusionOur recommended ranges for habitat variables can be used to refine designs for river restoration projects intended to improve habitat for juvenile Chinook Salmon and other salmonids in the Pacific Northwest.
{"title":"Variables influencing stream‐type juvenile Chinook Salmon density within floodplain habitat in the Skagit River basin, Washington","authors":"Jennifer S. O'Neal, Colin Riordan, Julia Jay, Erin Douglas Lowery, Mike LeMoine, Susan Dickerson‐Lange","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10468","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveDespite decades of restoration work, Chinook Salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</jats:italic> in the Pacific Northwest remain under the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Chinook Salmon in the Skagit River basin play a vital role in the abundance and recovery of the Puget Sound Chinook Salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit, which is currently listed as threatened under the ESA. The stream‐type juvenile (STJ) life history pattern of Chinook Salmon in the Skagit River has higher ocean survival to the adult stage (i.e., productivity) than that of parr or fry out‐migrants, and improvement in STJ Chinook Salmon habitat could increase abundance and diversity in the Skagit River basin. Our objective was to provide recommended ranges of variables shown to influence habitat selection in floodplains by STJ Chinook Salmon.MethodsUsing field observations from 70 sites within the Skagit River basin, we developed generalized linear mixed‐effects models across three seasons in floodplain habitats to correlate variable ranges with densities of STJ Chinook Salmon.ResultModel accuracy varied by season (summer: <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.24; winter: <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.56; spring: <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.54), and significant parameters included velocity, substrate, depth range, and distance to the closest connection with the main stem. Additional significant factors included wood cover, maximum water temperature, velocity range, and interaction of the ranges of velocity and depth. Recommended ranges for habitat variables associated with the highest densities of STJ Chinook Salmon include depths of 40–68 cm, velocities of 0.06–0.33 m/s, substrate sizes of 3–36 mm, and distances of 33–119 m to the main‐stem connection. Water temperatures associated with high juvenile densities varied by season (winter: 4–6°C; summer: 9–14°C).ConclusionOur recommended ranges for habitat variables can be used to refine designs for river restoration projects intended to improve habitat for juvenile Chinook Salmon and other salmonids in the Pacific Northwest.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olaf P. Jensen, Anthony R. Vastano, Michael C. Allen, Mario F. Hernandez, Julie L. Lockwood, James M. Vasslides, Orion Weldon
ObjectiveRestoration of many populations of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima and river herring (Alewife A. pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) has been hampered by the presence of barriers to their spawning migrations and insufficient monitoring of run size. Here, we describe results of a 10‐year (2012–2021) study of American Shad and river herring passage at the Island Farm Weir (IFW), the downstream‐most migration barrier on the Raritan River, New Jersey, United States.MethodsWe used passive integrated transponder tags applied to fish that were captured and released downstream of the IFW to estimate passage rates and migration delays associated with upstream movements through an antenna array on a vertical slot fishway within the weir. By combining estimated passage rates with video monitoring of the total numbers of American Shad and river herring transiting the fishway, we estimated the annual run size below the weir.ResultResults suggest that the fishway on the IFW is moderately effective for American Shad (passage rate = 41%; 95% credible interval [CI] = 21–61%) but ineffective for the smaller‐bodied river herring (passage rate = 0.5%, 95% CI = 0–2%; fallback‐adjusted passage rate = 1.1%, 95% CI = 0.0–4.5%). The IFW may have also delayed the spawning migrations of those fish that did pass, with total passage times ranging from 0.4 to 20.9 days (mean ± standard deviation = 8.2 ± 5.3 days) for American Shad and 15.0 days for the one river herring that passed within the same year that it was tagged. Run size estimates during the study period ranged from 103 to 2624 individuals for American Shad and from 1486 to 53,334 for river herring.ConclusionRestoration of these species in the Raritan River will likely require removal of the IFW or replacement of its current fish passage device with one that increases the passage rates of alosines.
{"title":"Migratory passage and run size of American Shad and river herring in the Raritan River, New Jersey, USA","authors":"Olaf P. Jensen, Anthony R. Vastano, Michael C. Allen, Mario F. Hernandez, Julie L. Lockwood, James M. Vasslides, Orion Weldon","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10467","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveRestoration of many populations of anadromous American Shad <jats:italic>Alosa sapidissima</jats:italic> and river herring (Alewife <jats:italic>A. pseudoharengus</jats:italic> and Blueback Herring <jats:italic>A. aestivalis</jats:italic>) has been hampered by the presence of barriers to their spawning migrations and insufficient monitoring of run size. Here, we describe results of a 10‐year (2012–2021) study of American Shad and river herring passage at the Island Farm Weir (IFW), the downstream‐most migration barrier on the Raritan River, New Jersey, United States.MethodsWe used passive integrated transponder tags applied to fish that were captured and released downstream of the IFW to estimate passage rates and migration delays associated with upstream movements through an antenna array on a vertical slot fishway within the weir. By combining estimated passage rates with video monitoring of the total numbers of American Shad and river herring transiting the fishway, we estimated the annual run size below the weir.ResultResults suggest that the fishway on the IFW is moderately effective for American Shad (passage rate = 41%; 95% credible interval [CI] = 21–61%) but ineffective for the smaller‐bodied river herring (passage rate = 0.5%, 95% CI = 0–2%; fallback‐adjusted passage rate = 1.1%, 95% CI = 0.0–4.5%). The IFW may have also delayed the spawning migrations of those fish that did pass, with total passage times ranging from 0.4 to 20.9 days (mean ± standard deviation = 8.2 ± 5.3 days) for American Shad and 15.0 days for the one river herring that passed within the same year that it was tagged. Run size estimates during the study period ranged from 103 to 2624 individuals for American Shad and from 1486 to 53,334 for river herring.ConclusionRestoration of these species in the Raritan River will likely require removal of the IFW or replacement of its current fish passage device with one that increases the passage rates of alosines.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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