Timo J. Marjomäki, Pentti Valkeajärvi, Juha Karjalainen
Abstract Objective We estimated the difference in mortality between mature male and female Vendace Coregonus albula based on a large data set of catch samples from 25 locations in Finland. We then used this estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä‐Konnevesi to illustrate how the sex ratio (females per one male) might decrease as the average age of spawners increases during a several‐year‐long period of recruitment failure. Methods We estimated mortalities first from sex‐specific age–ln(catch) curves and second from the average age‐specific proportions of different sexes. Result The estimate of the additional mortality of males was around 0.2–0.4, depending on the method of estimation, and assumed true proportions in the population at age 1 (two growing seasons), when Vendace reaches sexual maturity. When using the additional mortality estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä‐Konnevesi, the hypothetical sex ratio in the most extreme year was even as skewed as four females per one male. Conclusion If the lack of males per female spawner during a population decline reduces the per capita recruitment success of females, this is a depensatory density‐dependent effect, the Allee effect. This phenomenon may partly explain the rapid population collapses and contribute to 2‐year cyclicity typical of the dynamics of Vendace populations.
{"title":"Males die young, which may cause an Allee effect during a population collapse of the Vendace <i>Coregonus albula</i>","authors":"Timo J. Marjomäki, Pentti Valkeajärvi, Juha Karjalainen","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10435","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective We estimated the difference in mortality between mature male and female Vendace Coregonus albula based on a large data set of catch samples from 25 locations in Finland. We then used this estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä‐Konnevesi to illustrate how the sex ratio (females per one male) might decrease as the average age of spawners increases during a several‐year‐long period of recruitment failure. Methods We estimated mortalities first from sex‐specific age–ln(catch) curves and second from the average age‐specific proportions of different sexes. Result The estimate of the additional mortality of males was around 0.2–0.4, depending on the method of estimation, and assumed true proportions in the population at age 1 (two growing seasons), when Vendace reaches sexual maturity. When using the additional mortality estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä‐Konnevesi, the hypothetical sex ratio in the most extreme year was even as skewed as four females per one male. Conclusion If the lack of males per female spawner during a population decline reduces the per capita recruitment success of females, this is a depensatory density‐dependent effect, the Allee effect. This phenomenon may partly explain the rapid population collapses and contribute to 2‐year cyclicity typical of the dynamics of Vendace populations.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most pervasive and rapidly expanding sources of anthropogenic pollution. Aquatic ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to the effects of ALAN due to their disproportionate exposure to anthropogenic pressures. However, research on mechanisms of response to ALAN by aquatic species remains sparse. Our research investigated the extent to which ALAN influences the nocturnal feeding efficiency of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus . Using an array of outdoor mesocosm tanks, we assigned juvenile Bluegill to five nighttime lighting treatments (control dark, 1 lux, 4 lux, 12 lux, and intermittent 12 lux). We conducted weekly nighttime feeding trials for six weeks to assess four prey capture variables, including capture efficiency (the effectiveness of prey strikes), capture rate (the number of prey items captured), strike rate (the frequency of prey strikes), and latency (time elapsed before the first prey strike). The steady lighting treatments, which were selected based on nighttime urban light intensities we previously measured in the field, had no apparent effect on any of the prey capture variables. However, flashing high intensity lights (intended to mimic the effect of passing car headlights on a busy highway) had a significant negative effect on capture rate and strike rate, thereby inhibiting the ability of fish to strike at and capture prey. Our results demonstrate the potential for light pollution (especially flashing or intermittent lights) to interfere with the foraging behavior of this ecologically and economically important sportfish.
{"title":"Effects of light pollution on Bluegill foraging behavior","authors":"Susanna E. Harrison, Suzanne M. Gray","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10451","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most pervasive and rapidly expanding sources of anthropogenic pollution. Aquatic ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to the effects of ALAN due to their disproportionate exposure to anthropogenic pressures. However, research on mechanisms of response to ALAN by aquatic species remains sparse. Our research investigated the extent to which ALAN influences the nocturnal feeding efficiency of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus . Using an array of outdoor mesocosm tanks, we assigned juvenile Bluegill to five nighttime lighting treatments (control dark, 1 lux, 4 lux, 12 lux, and intermittent 12 lux). We conducted weekly nighttime feeding trials for six weeks to assess four prey capture variables, including capture efficiency (the effectiveness of prey strikes), capture rate (the number of prey items captured), strike rate (the frequency of prey strikes), and latency (time elapsed before the first prey strike). The steady lighting treatments, which were selected based on nighttime urban light intensities we previously measured in the field, had no apparent effect on any of the prey capture variables. However, flashing high intensity lights (intended to mimic the effect of passing car headlights on a busy highway) had a significant negative effect on capture rate and strike rate, thereby inhibiting the ability of fish to strike at and capture prey. Our results demonstrate the potential for light pollution (especially flashing or intermittent lights) to interfere with the foraging behavior of this ecologically and economically important sportfish.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyEarly View BOOK REVIEW Introduction to Quantitative Ecology. Timothy E. Essington. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2021. 304 pages. $97.00 (hardcover), $48.99 (paperback), $17.27 (ebook). J. Wilson White, Corresponding Author J. Wilson White [email protected] Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USASearch for more papers by this author J. Wilson White, Corresponding Author J. Wilson White [email protected] Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 October 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10440Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation
《美国渔业学会汇刊》，《数量生态学导论》。蒂莫西·e·艾辛顿。牛津大学出版社，英国牛津。2021. 304页。97.00美元(精装本)，48.99美元(平装本)，17.27美元(电子书)。j·威尔逊白色,白色通讯作者j·威尔逊(邮件保护)俄勒冈州海岸海洋实验台和渔业,野生动物,和保护科学,俄勒冈州立大学,纽波特,俄勒冈州,USASearch更多论文作者j·威尔逊白色,白色通讯作者j·威尔逊(邮件保护)俄勒冈州海岸海洋实验台和渔业,野生动物,和保护科学,俄勒冈州立大学,纽波特,俄勒冈州,美国搜索该作者的更多论文首次发表:2023年10月13日https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10440Read全文taboutpdf ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare给予accessShare全文accessShare全文accessShare全文accessShare请查看我们的使用条款和条件，并勾选下面的复选框共享文章的全文版本。我已经阅读并接受了Wiley在线图书馆使用共享链接的条款和条件，请使用下面的链接与您的朋友和同事分享本文的全文版本。学习更多的知识。复制URL共享链接共享一个emailfacebooktwitterlinkedinreddit微信本文无摘要在包含问题之前的早期视图在线记录版本相关信息
{"title":"Introduction to Quantitative Ecology. Timothy E.Essington. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2021. 304 pages. $97.00 (hardcover), $48.99 (paperback), $17.27 (ebook).","authors":"J. Wilson White","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10440","url":null,"abstract":"Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyEarly View BOOK REVIEW Introduction to Quantitative Ecology. Timothy E. Essington. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2021. 304 pages. $97.00 (hardcover), $48.99 (paperback), $17.27 (ebook). J. Wilson White, Corresponding Author J. Wilson White [email protected] Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USASearch for more papers by this author J. Wilson White, Corresponding Author J. Wilson White [email protected] Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 October 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10440Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective Individual habitat preference can reduce intraspecific competition for resources and may differ between age groups, sexes, and adult phenotypes. The Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a widespread species occurring in diverse freshwater habitats. This species displays breeding philopatry, returning to nesting sites occupied in previous years. Larger Channel Catfish tend to nest in the main channels of large rivers, whereas smaller fish tend to prefer smaller tributaries. The purpose of our study was to determine whether this habitat segregation potentially associated with habitat preference affects the genetic structure of a population. We hypothesized that spatial segregation of breeding sites in the Ottawa River and its smaller tributaries at Lac des Chats reduced gene flow within the population, resulting in genetically differentiated demes associated with lacustrine‐like and fluvial habitats. Methods Microsatellite allelic data was collected from 162 Channel Catfish. Result We found little genetic variation between the Ottawa, Mississippi, and Madawaska rivers. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that the sampled specimens comprised one panmictic population. Fish from one site in the Ottawa River, however, were significantly differentiated from fish from a nearby site also in the Ottawa River as well as from fish from the Mississippi River tributary. Conclusion Given that fish from sites further up the Ottawa River were not differentiated from fish from these sites, it is unlikely that geography can account for the differences observed; rather, assortative mating may explain the differentiation. We propose that panmixia within the population is caused by ontogenetic changes in habitat selection, straying individuals, or sex‐biased dispersal and philopatry.
摘要目的个体栖息地偏好可以减少种内资源竞争，并且在不同年龄、性别和成虫表型之间存在差异。海峡鲶鱼是一个广泛存在于各种淡水栖息地的物种。这一物种表现出繁殖哲学，回到前几年占据的筑巢地点。较大的海峡鲶鱼倾向于在大河的主要河道筑巢，而较小的鲶鱼则倾向于在较小的支流筑巢。我们研究的目的是确定这种栖息地隔离是否与栖息地偏好有关，从而影响种群的遗传结构。我们假设，渥太华河及其在Lac des Chats的较小支流的繁殖地的空间隔离减少了种群内的基因流动，导致与湖泊和河流栖息地相关的遗传分化的demes。方法采集162条海峡鲶鱼的微卫星等位基因数据。结果我们发现渥太华河、密西西比河和马达瓦斯卡河之间的遗传变异很小。此外，我们的分析表明，采样标本包括一个泛群。然而，来自渥太华河一个地点的鱼与来自渥太华河附近地点的鱼以及来自密西西比河支流的鱼明显不同。结论:渥太华河上游地区的鱼类与这些地区的鱼类没有区别，地理因素不太可能解释观察到的差异;相反，选型交配可以解释这种差异。我们认为种群内的泛群是由栖息地选择的个体发生变化、流浪个体或性别偏倚的分散和繁殖引起的。
{"title":"Estimating the genetic diversity and potential influence of habitat segregation in Channel Catfish","authors":"Francesco H. Janzen, Gabriel Blouin‐Demers","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10433","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Individual habitat preference can reduce intraspecific competition for resources and may differ between age groups, sexes, and adult phenotypes. The Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a widespread species occurring in diverse freshwater habitats. This species displays breeding philopatry, returning to nesting sites occupied in previous years. Larger Channel Catfish tend to nest in the main channels of large rivers, whereas smaller fish tend to prefer smaller tributaries. The purpose of our study was to determine whether this habitat segregation potentially associated with habitat preference affects the genetic structure of a population. We hypothesized that spatial segregation of breeding sites in the Ottawa River and its smaller tributaries at Lac des Chats reduced gene flow within the population, resulting in genetically differentiated demes associated with lacustrine‐like and fluvial habitats. Methods Microsatellite allelic data was collected from 162 Channel Catfish. Result We found little genetic variation between the Ottawa, Mississippi, and Madawaska rivers. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that the sampled specimens comprised one panmictic population. Fish from one site in the Ottawa River, however, were significantly differentiated from fish from a nearby site also in the Ottawa River as well as from fish from the Mississippi River tributary. Conclusion Given that fish from sites further up the Ottawa River were not differentiated from fish from these sites, it is unlikely that geography can account for the differences observed; rather, assortative mating may explain the differentiation. We propose that panmixia within the population is caused by ontogenetic changes in habitat selection, straying individuals, or sex‐biased dispersal and philopatry.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie E. F. LaCava, Isoline M. Donohue, Mary E. Badger, Tien‐Chieh Hung, Luke Ellison, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kerry Kelvas, Amanda J. Finger, Evan W. Carson
Abstract To support the declining wild population of Delta Smelt, a conservation hatchery has expanded its mission from maintaining a backup population as insurance against extinction to also producing fish for release into the wild. The substantially higher production demands require a balance between producing large numbers of fish while adhering to conservation genetic principles that maximize retention of effective population size ( N e ) and thus overall diversity. We performed spawning experiments at the hatchery to evaluate the genetic consequences of two spawning strategies: 1) a pooled strategy where we fertilized premixed eggs from three dams with premixed milt from three sires and 2) a partial‐factorial strategy where eggs from three dams were mixed and then apportioned among three containers; each container then received milt from one sire. We used genetic parentage analysis of larval offspring to determine the reproductive success of spawners in ten replicate crosses of each strategy. Contributions of parents to offspring were more even in partial‐factorial crosses and consequently resulted in higher N e (average N e = 5.50 ± 0.38; expected N e = 6.0), suggesting its potential for maintaining genetic diversity over time. In contrast, our pooled spawning experiment produced lower and more variable N e values (average N e = 3.86 ± 1.30), demonstrating that this more efficient method of production entails high costs in terms of long‐term genetic management. Treating our experiments as hypothetical pools of fish for release, we combined N e values for pooled or partial‐factorial crosses to calculate the effective size of a release population ( N eR ). Unequal family sizes reduced the N eR for our pooled experiment to half of the expected value, whereas the partial‐factorial experiment N eR was 88% of the expected value. We discuss the benefits and risks of each method and how these can be considered when designing a spawning strategy for Delta Smelt supplementation.
摘要:为了支持不断下降的三角洲胡瓜鱼野生种群，保育孵化场已经将其使命从维持后备种群以防止灭绝扩展到生产鱼类以释放到野外。高得多的产量要求要求在生产大量鱼类和坚持最大限度地保持有效种群大小(N e)和总体多样性的保护遗传原则之间取得平衡。我们在孵化场进行了产卵实验，以评估两种产卵策略的遗传后果:1)混合策略，将三个水坝的预混卵与三个水坝的预混卵受精;2)部分因子策略，将三个水坝的卵混合，然后在三个容器中分配;然后每个容器从一个主人那里收到牛奶。采用遗传亲代分析方法，确定了每种策略的10个重复杂交中产卵者的繁殖成功率。在部分因子杂交中，亲本对后代的贡献更均匀，因而导致更高的N e(平均N e = 5.50±0.38;预期N = 6.0)，表明其具有长期保持遗传多样性的潜力。相比之下，我们的混合产卵实验产生了更低和更可变的N e值(平均N e = 3.86±1.30)，表明这种更有效的生产方法在长期遗传管理方面需要高昂的成本。将我们的实验作为假设的鱼池进行释放，我们将混合或部分因子杂交的N - e值结合起来计算释放种群的有效大小(N - eR)。不平等的家庭规模使我们的合并实验的净净率降低到期望值的一半，而部分析因实验的净净率为期望值的88%。我们讨论了每种方法的好处和风险，以及在设计三角洲冶炼补充的产卵策略时如何考虑这些。
{"title":"Assessing captive spawning strategies for supplementation production of Delta Smelt (<i>Hypomesus transpacificus</i>)","authors":"Melanie E. F. LaCava, Isoline M. Donohue, Mary E. Badger, Tien‐Chieh Hung, Luke Ellison, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kerry Kelvas, Amanda J. Finger, Evan W. Carson","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10450","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To support the declining wild population of Delta Smelt, a conservation hatchery has expanded its mission from maintaining a backup population as insurance against extinction to also producing fish for release into the wild. The substantially higher production demands require a balance between producing large numbers of fish while adhering to conservation genetic principles that maximize retention of effective population size ( N e ) and thus overall diversity. We performed spawning experiments at the hatchery to evaluate the genetic consequences of two spawning strategies: 1) a pooled strategy where we fertilized premixed eggs from three dams with premixed milt from three sires and 2) a partial‐factorial strategy where eggs from three dams were mixed and then apportioned among three containers; each container then received milt from one sire. We used genetic parentage analysis of larval offspring to determine the reproductive success of spawners in ten replicate crosses of each strategy. Contributions of parents to offspring were more even in partial‐factorial crosses and consequently resulted in higher N e (average N e = 5.50 ± 0.38; expected N e = 6.0), suggesting its potential for maintaining genetic diversity over time. In contrast, our pooled spawning experiment produced lower and more variable N e values (average N e = 3.86 ± 1.30), demonstrating that this more efficient method of production entails high costs in terms of long‐term genetic management. Treating our experiments as hypothetical pools of fish for release, we combined N e values for pooled or partial‐factorial crosses to calculate the effective size of a release population ( N eR ). Unequal family sizes reduced the N eR for our pooled experiment to half of the expected value, whereas the partial‐factorial experiment N eR was 88% of the expected value. We discuss the benefits and risks of each method and how these can be considered when designing a spawning strategy for Delta Smelt supplementation.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paige W. Breault, Mike Wetklo, Arne R. Langston, Randy J. Zemlak, Ruth E. Withler, J. Mark Shrimpton
Abstract Kokanee, the non‐anadromous life‐history form of Oncorhynchus nerka , use lacustrine habitat in watersheds draining into the north Pacific Ocean. Kokanee also have been widely introduced into reservoirs following impoundment of rivers consequent to the construction of hydroelectric dams. Genetically divergent subpopulations of Kokanee should be identified and evaluated when implementing watershed‐level fishery management strategies. We analyzed the genetic population structure of Kokanee in the Williston watershed, north‐central British Columbia, where native populations were present in the reservoir and headwater lakes prior to stocking Columbia River‐origin fish in the 1990s. Using microsatellite markers, we determined that native Williston Reservoir Kokanee were divergent from only one of the headwater lake populations. Native populations in headwater lakes remain entirely separate from the reservoir populations, and there was no indication of past or current introgression with the introduced stock. We identified all fish collected from 2006 to 2019 as introduced Columbia River‐origin genotypes, and there was no evidence of genetic divergence by spawning location. As native Williston Kokanee have not been sampled from the reservoir in survey efforts since 2000, it is likely that this population has been extirpated from the reservoir perhaps through competition with the introduced Columbia River‐origin lineage.
{"title":"Genetic population structure of introduced and native lineages of <i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i> in a large impounded watershed","authors":"Paige W. Breault, Mike Wetklo, Arne R. Langston, Randy J. Zemlak, Ruth E. Withler, J. Mark Shrimpton","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10448","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kokanee, the non‐anadromous life‐history form of Oncorhynchus nerka , use lacustrine habitat in watersheds draining into the north Pacific Ocean. Kokanee also have been widely introduced into reservoirs following impoundment of rivers consequent to the construction of hydroelectric dams. Genetically divergent subpopulations of Kokanee should be identified and evaluated when implementing watershed‐level fishery management strategies. We analyzed the genetic population structure of Kokanee in the Williston watershed, north‐central British Columbia, where native populations were present in the reservoir and headwater lakes prior to stocking Columbia River‐origin fish in the 1990s. Using microsatellite markers, we determined that native Williston Reservoir Kokanee were divergent from only one of the headwater lake populations. Native populations in headwater lakes remain entirely separate from the reservoir populations, and there was no indication of past or current introgression with the introduced stock. We identified all fish collected from 2006 to 2019 as introduced Columbia River‐origin genotypes, and there was no evidence of genetic divergence by spawning location. As native Williston Kokanee have not been sampled from the reservoir in survey efforts since 2000, it is likely that this population has been extirpated from the reservoir perhaps through competition with the introduced Columbia River‐origin lineage.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byron D. Thomas, Dennis R. DeVries, Russell A. Wright, Matthew J. Catalano
Abstract Movement of fish past dams can be facilitated by dedicated fish passage structures, navigational locks, and crested spillways, with the efficacy of a passage structure depending strongly on the nature of the systems (height of the dam, flow rate, etc.) and the fish's behavior and swimming capability. However, once past a dam whether by the use of a mitigation structure or due to active translocation, fish encounter a different habitat upstream versus in the tailrace, potentially affecting their ability to continue their upstream migration. Here we had two objectives: First, we determined whether Paddlefish Polyodon spathula that successfully passed a structure continued on their upstream migration. Because assuring passage by tagged fish required that we move fish past the dam, our second objective was to determine whether translocated fish exhibited fallback behavior (downstream drift or movement post‐release that would compromise their continued migration). We used both active and passive telemetry to quantify post‐passage movements of tagged and translocated Paddlefish. Fish translocated above Claiborne Lock and Dam (CLD) exhibited up‐river movements once translocated and exhibited no fallback (i.e., downstream movement with delayed or no continuation upstream). Timing of movement relative to spawning periods did not influence initial fish movement or the likelihood of reaching the next upstream dam (Millers Ferry Lock and Dam; MFLD, approx. 100 river km upstream) within the first 30‐days of observation, but more fish tagged and released during the early pre‐spawning period made it within 4.83 km of MFLD (the location of our closest receiver below MFLD) than did fish from pre‐spawning or spawning periods. Fish released above CLD had a lower probability of being subsequently detected downstream of their release sites compared to fish released below CLD. Our findings support that Paddlefish will continue their upstream migration once past a structure despite changes in habitat.
{"title":"Movement of Paddlefish Once Past a <scp>Lock‐and‐Dam</scp> Structure on the Alabama River","authors":"Byron D. Thomas, Dennis R. DeVries, Russell A. Wright, Matthew J. Catalano","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Movement of fish past dams can be facilitated by dedicated fish passage structures, navigational locks, and crested spillways, with the efficacy of a passage structure depending strongly on the nature of the systems (height of the dam, flow rate, etc.) and the fish's behavior and swimming capability. However, once past a dam whether by the use of a mitigation structure or due to active translocation, fish encounter a different habitat upstream versus in the tailrace, potentially affecting their ability to continue their upstream migration. Here we had two objectives: First, we determined whether Paddlefish Polyodon spathula that successfully passed a structure continued on their upstream migration. Because assuring passage by tagged fish required that we move fish past the dam, our second objective was to determine whether translocated fish exhibited fallback behavior (downstream drift or movement post‐release that would compromise their continued migration). We used both active and passive telemetry to quantify post‐passage movements of tagged and translocated Paddlefish. Fish translocated above Claiborne Lock and Dam (CLD) exhibited up‐river movements once translocated and exhibited no fallback (i.e., downstream movement with delayed or no continuation upstream). Timing of movement relative to spawning periods did not influence initial fish movement or the likelihood of reaching the next upstream dam (Millers Ferry Lock and Dam; MFLD, approx. 100 river km upstream) within the first 30‐days of observation, but more fish tagged and released during the early pre‐spawning period made it within 4.83 km of MFLD (the location of our closest receiver below MFLD) than did fish from pre‐spawning or spawning periods. Fish released above CLD had a lower probability of being subsequently detected downstream of their release sites compared to fish released below CLD. Our findings support that Paddlefish will continue their upstream migration once past a structure despite changes in habitat.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135306509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian T. Smith, Racheal Headley, Matt Smith, Ben Kennedy, John Holmes, Melissa Nehmens, Brice Adams, Matthew Piteo, Jennifer Von Bargen
Abstract Supplementation of naturally‐spawning populations by the addition of hatchery‐spawned individuals is commonly conducted for recovery of threatened and endangered populations and to support harvest opportunities. We present an analysis of steelhead, the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), returning to an integrated supplemented population in Southwest Washington over the course of 15 years. The goal of the supplementation program was to evaluate whether use of a juvenile captive broodstock and an integrated paradigm could be used to increase adult returns, while avoiding negative genetic impacts to the population. Estimates of relative reproductive success (RRS) for fish spawned in the hatchery ranged from 2.4 for hatchery‐origin females to 6.4 for natural‐origin males, indicating that fish spawned in the hatchery produced more returning adult progeny than did fish allowed to spawn in the natural environment. We observed a slight reduction in reproductive success (RS) for hatchery‐origin (relative to natural‐origin) fish when spawning in the natural environment, but the difference was non‐significant for males and marginally significant for females. In contrast to the relatively weak relationship between RS and origin (male P = 0.347, η 2 = 0.008; female P = 0.066, η 2 = 0.037), we observed a strong relationship between RS and return year (male P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.896; female P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.867) (i.e., hatchery‐ and natural‐origin fish did well or poorly together each year). Hatchery origin fish exhibited reduced genetic diversity, as well as evidence of increased temporal population structure among hatchery fish. We suspect the latter is an artifact of culture practices that reduce diversity in age at smoltification. We conclude that the program was successful in achieving an increase in adult return, but not in avoiding negative genetic effects on the population, and that any lasting impacts of supplementation remain to be determined.
通过增加孵化场产卵的个体来补充自然产卵的种群，通常用于恢复受威胁和濒危种群，并支持收获机会。我们对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的溯河形式steelhead进行了分析，该分析在15年的时间里返回到华盛顿西南部的一个综合补充种群中。补充计划的目标是评估是否可以使用幼年圈养亲鱼和综合模式来提高成鱼的回报，同时避免对种群产生负面的遗传影响。在孵化场产卵的鱼的相对繁殖成功率(RRS)的估计值从孵化场雌性的2.4到自然来源雄性的6.4不等，这表明在孵化场产卵的鱼比在自然环境中产卵的鱼产生更多的成年后代。我们观察到，在自然环境中产卵时，孵化场来源的鱼(相对于自然来源的鱼)的繁殖成功率(RS)略有降低，但对雄性来说差异不显著，对雌性来说差异略微显著。相比之下，RS与产地的关系相对较弱(男性P = 0.347， η 2 = 0.008;雌性P = 0.066， η 2 = 0.037)，我们观察到RS与回归年份有很强的关系(雄性P <0.001， η 2 = 0.896;女P <0.001， η 2 = 0.867)(即孵化场和天然来源的鱼每年在一起表现良好或较差)。孵化场源鱼表现出遗传多样性的降低，同时有证据表明孵化场源鱼之间的时间种群结构增加。我们怀疑后者是文化习俗的产物，它减少了色情年龄的多样性。我们得出的结论是，该计划成功地实现了成年回报的增加，但未能避免对种群的负面遗传影响，并且补充的任何持久影响仍有待确定。
{"title":"Demographic and genetic consequences of a Steelhead supplementation program","authors":"Christian T. Smith, Racheal Headley, Matt Smith, Ben Kennedy, John Holmes, Melissa Nehmens, Brice Adams, Matthew Piteo, Jennifer Von Bargen","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10446","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Supplementation of naturally‐spawning populations by the addition of hatchery‐spawned individuals is commonly conducted for recovery of threatened and endangered populations and to support harvest opportunities. We present an analysis of steelhead, the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), returning to an integrated supplemented population in Southwest Washington over the course of 15 years. The goal of the supplementation program was to evaluate whether use of a juvenile captive broodstock and an integrated paradigm could be used to increase adult returns, while avoiding negative genetic impacts to the population. Estimates of relative reproductive success (RRS) for fish spawned in the hatchery ranged from 2.4 for hatchery‐origin females to 6.4 for natural‐origin males, indicating that fish spawned in the hatchery produced more returning adult progeny than did fish allowed to spawn in the natural environment. We observed a slight reduction in reproductive success (RS) for hatchery‐origin (relative to natural‐origin) fish when spawning in the natural environment, but the difference was non‐significant for males and marginally significant for females. In contrast to the relatively weak relationship between RS and origin (male P = 0.347, η 2 = 0.008; female P = 0.066, η 2 = 0.037), we observed a strong relationship between RS and return year (male P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.896; female P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.867) (i.e., hatchery‐ and natural‐origin fish did well or poorly together each year). Hatchery origin fish exhibited reduced genetic diversity, as well as evidence of increased temporal population structure among hatchery fish. We suspect the latter is an artifact of culture practices that reduce diversity in age at smoltification. We conclude that the program was successful in achieving an increase in adult return, but not in avoiding negative genetic effects on the population, and that any lasting impacts of supplementation remain to be determined.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colby D. Denison, Amy Cottrell, Troy M. Farmer, Dewayne A. Fox, David M. Hood, William C. Post, Gregory Sorg, Ellen Waldrop, Brandon K. Peoples
Abstract Objective We investigated environmental variables associated with spawning migration behavior for a dual‐spawning population of endangered Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus in the Great Pee Dee River, South Carolina. Methods From 2016 to 2021, 147 Atlantic Sturgeon were captured, implanted with acoustic transmitters, and monitored using a stationary array of 40 receivers located every 5–20 km along a 302‐km section of the Great Pee Dee River from the river mouth at Winyah Bay to the first movement barrier at Blewett Falls Dam, North Carolina. Result We observed 47 Atlantic Sturgeon attempting 74 spring migrations and 39 Atlantic Sturgeon attempting 76 fall migrations across 4 years of telemetry observations (2018–2021). Mixed‐effects models indicated that discharge interacted with water temperature to affect both migration initiation and upriver movement, and these interactions differed between the spring and fall runs. Spring runs were cued by rising temperatures and high river discharge, whereas fall runs were cued by falling temperatures and low discharge. Within migrations, spring‐run fish migrated further upriver when discharge was falling, and fall‐run fish moved further upriver when discharge was rising. Overall, fall‐run sturgeon migrated significantly further upriver than spring‐run sturgeon. Conclusion Differences in migratory behavior between the two runs suggest potentially unique adaptations to ambient river conditions during the respective spawning seasons. Identifying the environmental factors that drive—and thereby limit—Atlantic Sturgeon migrations in the Great Pee Dee River informs regional recovery efforts and highlights the importance of studying and managing this species at the population level.
{"title":"Seasonal migration cues differ for dual spawning Atlantic Sturgeon in the Great Pee Dee River","authors":"Colby D. Denison, Amy Cottrell, Troy M. Farmer, Dewayne A. Fox, David M. Hood, William C. Post, Gregory Sorg, Ellen Waldrop, Brandon K. Peoples","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10431","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective We investigated environmental variables associated with spawning migration behavior for a dual‐spawning population of endangered Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus in the Great Pee Dee River, South Carolina. Methods From 2016 to 2021, 147 Atlantic Sturgeon were captured, implanted with acoustic transmitters, and monitored using a stationary array of 40 receivers located every 5–20 km along a 302‐km section of the Great Pee Dee River from the river mouth at Winyah Bay to the first movement barrier at Blewett Falls Dam, North Carolina. Result We observed 47 Atlantic Sturgeon attempting 74 spring migrations and 39 Atlantic Sturgeon attempting 76 fall migrations across 4 years of telemetry observations (2018–2021). Mixed‐effects models indicated that discharge interacted with water temperature to affect both migration initiation and upriver movement, and these interactions differed between the spring and fall runs. Spring runs were cued by rising temperatures and high river discharge, whereas fall runs were cued by falling temperatures and low discharge. Within migrations, spring‐run fish migrated further upriver when discharge was falling, and fall‐run fish moved further upriver when discharge was rising. Overall, fall‐run sturgeon migrated significantly further upriver than spring‐run sturgeon. Conclusion Differences in migratory behavior between the two runs suggest potentially unique adaptations to ambient river conditions during the respective spawning seasons. Identifying the environmental factors that drive—and thereby limit—Atlantic Sturgeon migrations in the Great Pee Dee River informs regional recovery efforts and highlights the importance of studying and managing this species at the population level.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136081128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler R. Funnell, Travis O. Brenden, Richard Kraus, Tom MacDougall, James Markham, Charles Murray, Jason Robinson, Christopher S. Vandergoot
Abstract Objective Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush are native coldwater apex predators that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functionality and diversity in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Following population collapses, rehabilitation efforts were widely initiated in the Great Lakes to reestablish self‐sustaining Lake Trout populations. Lake Erie may pose a challenge to these rehabilitation efforts due to limited availability of appropriate oxythermal habitat. Our goal was to investigate seasonal habitat use of adult Lake Trout in Lake Erie to inform management and rehabilitation efforts. Methods We used acoustic telemetry in Lake Erie, which was equiped with a lake‐wide acoustic receiver grid, to quantify Lake Trout seasonal region occupancy, dispersal distances, bottom depth occupancy, space use extent, and space use overlap. Result We found that 32% of fish tagged in the eastern basin and all fish from the western basin dispersed more than 100 km from their tagging location, which represents a greater proportion of the population moving long distances than what has been previously documented in the Great Lakes. During stratification, Lake Trout were detected almost exclusively in the offshore eastern basin in areas where water depth exceeded 25 m. During nonstratified seasons, fish used other regions of the lake, occupying areas of highly variable depths. During fall, most fish tagged in the eastern basin occupied habitat along the southern shore of the eastern basin. Fish tagged in the western basin returned to this region in the fall of subsequent years despite occupying the offshore eastern basin during stratification and having depth occupancy, home range size, and overlap similar to that of eastern basin‐tagged fish. Fish size was positively correlated with receiver depth during winter and spring, and with home range overlap during spring and summer. Conclusion The results of this study can begin to inform management decisions regarding stocking locations, harvest regulations, and habitat restoration to facilitate the continued rehabilitation of this important native species.
{"title":"Seasonal spatial ecology of Lake Trout in Lake Erie","authors":"Tyler R. Funnell, Travis O. Brenden, Richard Kraus, Tom MacDougall, James Markham, Charles Murray, Jason Robinson, Christopher S. Vandergoot","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush are native coldwater apex predators that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functionality and diversity in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Following population collapses, rehabilitation efforts were widely initiated in the Great Lakes to reestablish self‐sustaining Lake Trout populations. Lake Erie may pose a challenge to these rehabilitation efforts due to limited availability of appropriate oxythermal habitat. Our goal was to investigate seasonal habitat use of adult Lake Trout in Lake Erie to inform management and rehabilitation efforts. Methods We used acoustic telemetry in Lake Erie, which was equiped with a lake‐wide acoustic receiver grid, to quantify Lake Trout seasonal region occupancy, dispersal distances, bottom depth occupancy, space use extent, and space use overlap. Result We found that 32% of fish tagged in the eastern basin and all fish from the western basin dispersed more than 100 km from their tagging location, which represents a greater proportion of the population moving long distances than what has been previously documented in the Great Lakes. During stratification, Lake Trout were detected almost exclusively in the offshore eastern basin in areas where water depth exceeded 25 m. During nonstratified seasons, fish used other regions of the lake, occupying areas of highly variable depths. During fall, most fish tagged in the eastern basin occupied habitat along the southern shore of the eastern basin. Fish tagged in the western basin returned to this region in the fall of subsequent years despite occupying the offshore eastern basin during stratification and having depth occupancy, home range size, and overlap similar to that of eastern basin‐tagged fish. Fish size was positively correlated with receiver depth during winter and spring, and with home range overlap during spring and summer. Conclusion The results of this study can begin to inform management decisions regarding stocking locations, harvest regulations, and habitat restoration to facilitate the continued rehabilitation of this important native species.","PeriodicalId":23214,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The American Fisheries Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134961765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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