Brain stem tuberculoma is rare entity and to best of our knowledge, its presentation as isolated facial numbness has never been reported in literature. We are reporting a case of brain stem tuberculoma who presented with isolated facial numbness. Diagnosis was established by imaging and other relevant investigations. Both radiological and clinical improvement was noted after 4 months of anti tubercular therapy.
{"title":"Isolated Sensory Trigeminal Neuropathy- A Rare Clinical Presentation of Brain Stem Tuberculoma. Case Report","authors":"C. Sharma, B. Kumawat, G. Tripathi, S. Dixit","doi":"10.5580/16e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/16e","url":null,"abstract":"Brain stem tuberculoma is rare entity and to best of our knowledge, its presentation as isolated facial numbness has never been reported in literature. We are reporting a case of brain stem tuberculoma who presented with isolated facial numbness. Diagnosis was established by imaging and other relevant investigations. Both radiological and clinical improvement was noted after 4 months of anti tubercular therapy.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125461305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder of muscle characterized by episodes of mild to severe muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. The defect lies in the voltagegated calcium or sodium ion channels which are mutated, resulting in abnormal sarcolemmal excitation. Upper respiratory tract infections both viral and bacterial are known to trigger a bout of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, but there is paucity of literature on chickenpox (varicella) and dengue fever precipitating such an attack. The following cases highlight this unusual presentation.
{"title":"Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: 2 novel causes","authors":"Monica Gupta, S. Lehl, Ram Singh, A. Sachdev","doi":"10.5580/2573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2573","url":null,"abstract":"Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder of muscle characterized by episodes of mild to severe muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia. The defect lies in the voltagegated calcium or sodium ion channels which are mutated, resulting in abnormal sarcolemmal excitation. Upper respiratory tract infections both viral and bacterial are known to trigger a bout of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, but there is paucity of literature on chickenpox (varicella) and dengue fever precipitating such an attack. The following cases highlight this unusual presentation.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133812780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epilepsy is a common disease with a complex range of aetiological factors; this is mirrored by the diverse classification systems in use. This article considers current supportive, pharmacological and surgical management in the context of epilepsy classification and casts a critical eye towards the possible contributions of new drug discoveries, pharmacogenetic and neurosurgical developments in the future management of epilepsy.
{"title":"Current and future treatment of epilepsy","authors":"Hc Scott","doi":"10.5580/228c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/228c","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a common disease with a complex range of aetiological factors; this is mirrored by the diverse classification systems in use. This article considers current supportive, pharmacological and surgical management in the context of epilepsy classification and casts a critical eye towards the possible contributions of new drug discoveries, pharmacogenetic and neurosurgical developments in the future management of epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116258917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ghandehari, K. Nikkhah, A. Boroumand, S. J. Hosseininezhad, S. Derakhshan, A. M. Ardakani, G. H. Fatahzadeh
Introduction: Progressing stroke (PS) and Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks (CTIA) are generally accepted, though unproven, indications for urgent anticoagulation and there remains evidence-free practice of intravenous heparin therapy in these patients. Methods and Materials: Consecutive PS and CTIA patients admitted in Mashhad Ghaem hospital during 20072008, enrolled in a prospective observational study. PS and CTIA patients underwent intravenous heparin therapy 1000 units per hour for 3 days without bolus dose. PS and CTIA patients who had a contraindication of intravenous heparin therapy received 80 mg Aspirin per day. Early clinical courses including improvement, stabilization, deterioration and development of residual stroke were evaluated in two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients.. Results: 170 PS patients (103 males, 67 females) with mean age 60.4±12.3 years and 88 CTIA patients (50 males, 38 females) with mean age 60.1± 6.8 years were investigated. 141 PS and 64 CTIA patients received a short period of intravenous heparinization. The distribution of subtypes of early clinical course into two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients was significantly different; X=10.487, df=2 , p=0.005 and X=6.72, df=2 , p=0.035 respectively. Distribution of residual stroke in two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients was not significantly different; X=1.443, df=1, p=0.23, OR=0.557 (0.212-1.462) and X=1.01, df=1, p=0.315, OR=0.617 (0.24-1.587) respectively. Conclusion: PS and CTIA patients who received a short period of intravenous heparin therapy have significantly more probability of improvement and less probability of deterioration in their early clinical course.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF INTRAVENOUS HEPARIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE STROKE AND CRESCENDO TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS","authors":"K. Ghandehari, K. Nikkhah, A. Boroumand, S. J. Hosseininezhad, S. Derakhshan, A. M. Ardakani, G. H. Fatahzadeh","doi":"10.5580/1a58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1a58","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Progressing stroke (PS) and Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks (CTIA) are generally accepted, though unproven, indications for urgent anticoagulation and there remains evidence-free practice of intravenous heparin therapy in these patients. Methods and Materials: Consecutive PS and CTIA patients admitted in Mashhad Ghaem hospital during 20072008, enrolled in a prospective observational study. PS and CTIA patients underwent intravenous heparin therapy 1000 units per hour for 3 days without bolus dose. PS and CTIA patients who had a contraindication of intravenous heparin therapy received 80 mg Aspirin per day. Early clinical courses including improvement, stabilization, deterioration and development of residual stroke were evaluated in two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients.. Results: 170 PS patients (103 males, 67 females) with mean age 60.4±12.3 years and 88 CTIA patients (50 males, 38 females) with mean age 60.1± 6.8 years were investigated. 141 PS and 64 CTIA patients received a short period of intravenous heparinization. The distribution of subtypes of early clinical course into two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients was significantly different; X=10.487, df=2 , p=0.005 and X=6.72, df=2 , p=0.035 respectively. Distribution of residual stroke in two therapeutic groups of PS and CTIA patients was not significantly different; X=1.443, df=1, p=0.23, OR=0.557 (0.212-1.462) and X=1.01, df=1, p=0.315, OR=0.617 (0.24-1.587) respectively. Conclusion: PS and CTIA patients who received a short period of intravenous heparin therapy have significantly more probability of improvement and less probability of deterioration in their early clinical course.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unani medicine is a medical prospective based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates 3000 yrs back. Its treatment is a culmination of different regimens. The package it offers to cope with stress includes behavioral approach, art therapy, and hydrotherapy, and massage, music therapy, besides veinesection, sauna, cupping and medication.Stress can be defined as an individual’s response to environmental demands or pressures. A certain degree of stress is a normal part of day to day life. Stress related diseases, however, results from excessive and prolonged demands on individuals coping resources.The symptoms of stress can either be physical or psychological. Physically it manifests as irritable bowel syndrome, myocardial infarction and chronic headaches. Psychological problems arise from inability to cope with major life changes such as marriage, parenting, unemployment, etc.The present article deals with the regimens offered by the Unani medicine in details and their role in the management of stress related disorders.
{"title":"Chronic Stress in Unani Prospective","authors":"U. Jahangir, S. Urooj, A. Shah, M. Ishaaq","doi":"10.5580/7b7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/7b7","url":null,"abstract":"Unani medicine is a medical prospective based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates 3000 yrs back. Its treatment is a culmination of different regimens. The package it offers to cope with stress includes behavioral approach, art therapy, and hydrotherapy, and massage, music therapy, besides veinesection, sauna, cupping and medication.Stress can be defined as an individual’s response to environmental demands or pressures. A certain degree of stress is a normal part of day to day life. Stress related diseases, however, results from excessive and prolonged demands on individuals coping resources.The symptoms of stress can either be physical or psychological. Physically it manifests as irritable bowel syndrome, myocardial infarction and chronic headaches. Psychological problems arise from inability to cope with major life changes such as marriage, parenting, unemployment, etc.The present article deals with the regimens offered by the Unani medicine in details and their role in the management of stress related disorders.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system in which a T-cell-mediated inflammatory process is associated with destruction of myelin sheaths. In present review, the main clinical aspects and the basic features of the MS (Multiple sclerosis) with diagnosis, including the new McDonald criteria and the treatment approach to MS are discussed. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis is reviewed, with emphasis on the axonal conduction properties underlying the production of symptoms and the course of the disease. Various demyelination patterns and their correlation with the disease types have been discussed. Finally, a brief description of the available treatments is discussed. In addition to this, newer targets for the treatment of MS are also reviewed.
{"title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)","authors":"A. Pithadia, S. Jain, A. Navale","doi":"10.5580/2e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2e1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system in which a T-cell-mediated inflammatory process is associated with destruction of myelin sheaths. In present review, the main clinical aspects and the basic features of the MS (Multiple sclerosis) with diagnosis, including the new McDonald criteria and the treatment approach to MS are discussed. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis is reviewed, with emphasis on the axonal conduction properties underlying the production of symptoms and the course of the disease. Various demyelination patterns and their correlation with the disease types have been discussed. Finally, a brief description of the available treatments is discussed. In addition to this, newer targets for the treatment of MS are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129464403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Milanes-Rodríguez, L. Ibañez-Valdés, H. Foyaca-Sibat, Me Rodriguez-Neyra, M. Rodriguez
A retrospective review from our previous anatomical dissections looking for anatomical variations of the brachial plexus is made. All those dissections were made for teaching purposes at the Laboratory of Anatomy from Walter Sisulu University between January 2000 and January 2008 and the commonest findings are reported in this study. Its correlations with expected clinical manifestations in nerves injury are established
{"title":"Brachial Plexus. Our Anatomical Findings. (Part II)","authors":"G. Milanes-Rodríguez, L. Ibañez-Valdés, H. Foyaca-Sibat, Me Rodriguez-Neyra, M. Rodriguez","doi":"10.5580/16b4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/16b4","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective review from our previous anatomical dissections looking for anatomical variations of the brachial plexus is made. All those dissections were made for teaching purposes at the Laboratory of Anatomy from Walter Sisulu University between January 2000 and January 2008 and the commonest findings are reported in this study. Its correlations with expected clinical manifestations in nerves injury are established","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127685748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F-wave is one of the late responses produced by antidromic activation of Motoneurons by supramaximal stimulation. They are variable in latency, amplitude, and configuration. Whenever we talk of nerve conduction studies, the importance of F wave are considered less.One should understand the characteristics and the physiology of F wave. This is important since F-waves are one of the most frequently used studies in clinical neurophysiology and much of the controversies surrounding the use of F-waves relates to a failure to adequately consider the requirements of Fwave analysis. These requirements include the number of F-waves that need to be recorded, the parameters that should be evaluated, and the muscle from which the F-waves are recorded. They are recorded over a muscle innervated by the stimulated nerve.F-waves are the only parameter in nerve conduction studies particularly useful for the diagnosis of proximal nerve lesions
{"title":"“F” WAVE: Clinical Importance","authors":"B. Taksande, Ap Jain","doi":"10.5580/1d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1d4","url":null,"abstract":"F-wave is one of the late responses produced by antidromic activation of Motoneurons by supramaximal stimulation. They are variable in latency, amplitude, and configuration. Whenever we talk of nerve conduction studies, the importance of F wave are considered less.One should understand the characteristics and the physiology of F wave. This is important since F-waves are one of the most frequently used studies in clinical neurophysiology and much of the controversies surrounding the use of F-waves relates to a failure to adequately consider the requirements of Fwave analysis. These requirements include the number of F-waves that need to be recorded, the parameters that should be evaluated, and the muscle from which the F-waves are recorded. They are recorded over a muscle innervated by the stimulated nerve.F-waves are the only parameter in nerve conduction studies particularly useful for the diagnosis of proximal nerve lesions","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"68 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120887092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gustatory pathways are complex and involve numerous afferents from cranial nerves, brainstem nuclei, thalami, and subcortical structures. A case of a 14- year old girl with hemiaguesia as an initial presentation of demyelinating disease is presented along with neuroradiographic correlates.
{"title":"Hemi-aguesia as an Initial Presentation of Demyelinating Disease in an Adolescent Patient. Case report","authors":"J. Crawford","doi":"10.5580/d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/d5","url":null,"abstract":"The gustatory pathways are complex and involve numerous afferents from cranial nerves, brainstem nuclei, thalami, and subcortical structures. A case of a 14- year old girl with hemiaguesia as an initial presentation of demyelinating disease is presented along with neuroradiographic correlates.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"886 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121029625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extradural hematoma (EDH) forms 0.5%1 of all head injuries. In selected patients conservative management may be a feasible option. We report 5 cases which were managed conservatively without neurological sequele. All patients were males between 18-30 (mean 23.4) years; location was frontal or parietal and volume of EDH between 9-23(mean 17.3) mL. However only patients with GCS 15/15 were considered for conservative management.
{"title":"Conservative Management of Extradural Hematoma. A Report of five cases","authors":"","doi":"10.5580/217b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/217b","url":null,"abstract":"Extradural hematoma (EDH) forms 0.5%1 of all head injuries. In selected patients conservative management may be a feasible option. We report 5 cases which were managed conservatively without neurological sequele. All patients were males between 18-30 (mean 23.4) years; location was frontal or parietal and volume of EDH between 9-23(mean 17.3) mL. However only patients with GCS 15/15 were considered for conservative management.","PeriodicalId":232166,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Neurology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121357333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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