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Logarithmic Slots Antennas Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide 基于基片集成波导的对数槽天线
Pub Date : 2015-10-19 DOI: 10.1155/2015/629797
Jahnavi Kachhia, Amit V. Patel, Alpesh Vala, Romil Patel, Keyur K. Mahant
This paper represents new generation of slotted antennas for satellite application where the loss can be compensated in terms of power or gain of antenna. First option is very crucial because it totally depends on size of satellite so we have proposed the high gain antenna creating number of rectangular, trapezoidal, and I shape slots in logarithm size in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure. The structure consists of an array of various shape slots antenna designed to operate in C and X band applications. The basic structures have been designed over a RT duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and with a thickness of 0.508 mm. Multiple slots array and shape of slot effects have been studied and analyzed using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The designs have been supported with its return loss, gain plot, VSWR, and radiation pattern characteristics to validate multiband operation. All the proposed antennas give gain more than 9 dB and return loss better than −10 dB. However, the proposed structures have been very sensitive to their physical dimensions.
本文介绍了新一代卫星用缝隙天线,这种天线的损耗可以通过天线的功率或增益来补偿。第一个选项非常关键,因为它完全取决于卫星的大小,所以我们提出了高增益天线,在衬底集成波导(SIW)结构中以对数大小创建矩形,梯形和I形槽的数量。该结构由各种形状的槽天线阵列组成,设计用于C和X波段应用。在介电常数为2.2、厚度为0.508 mm的rt_d衬底上设计了基本结构。利用HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator)对多槽阵列和槽形效应进行了研究和分析。该设计得到了其回波损耗、增益图、驻波比和辐射方向图特性的支持,以验证多波段操作。所有天线增益均大于9db,回波损耗均小于- 10db。然而,拟议的结构对其物理尺寸非常敏感。
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引用次数: 13
Design of a Novel Ultrawide Stopband Lowpass Filter Using a DMS-DGS Technique for Radar Applications 基于DMS-DGS技术的雷达超宽阻带低通滤波器设计
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.1155/2015/101602
A. Boutejdar, A. Ibrahim, E. Burte
A novel wide stopband (WSB) low pass filter based on combination of defected ground structure (DGS), defected microstrip structure (DMS), and compensated microstrip capacitors is proposed. Their excellent defected characteristics are verified through simulation and measurements. Additionally to a sharp cutoff, the structure exhibits simple design and fabrication, very low insertion loss in the pass band of 0.3 dB and it achieves a wide rejection bandwidth with overall 20 dB attenuation from 1.5 GHz up to 8.3 GHz. The compact low pass structure occupies an area of (0.40 × 0.24) where = 148 mm is the waveguide length at the cut-off frequency 1.1 GHz. Comparison between measured and simulated results confirms the validity of the proposed method. Such filter topologies are utilized in many areas of communications systems and microwave technology because of their several benefits such as small losses, wide reject band, and high compactness.
提出了一种基于缺陷接地结构(DGS)、缺陷微带结构(DMS)和补偿微带电容相结合的新型宽阻带低通滤波器。通过仿真和实测验证了其优良的缺陷特性。除了锐利的截止外,该结构具有简单的设计和制造,在0.3 dB的通带内插入损耗非常低,并且在1.5 GHz至8.3 GHz范围内实现了总体20 dB衰减的宽抑制带宽。紧凑的低通结构占地面积为(0.40 × 0.24),其中= 148 mm为截止频率1.1 GHz时的波导长度。实测结果与仿真结果的对比验证了所提方法的有效性。由于具有损耗小、抑制带宽和紧凑性高等优点,这种滤波器拓扑结构被应用于通信系统和微波技术的许多领域。
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引用次数: 17
An Iterative Approach to Improve Images of Multiple Targets and Targets with Layered or Continuous Profile 一种改进多目标图像和分层或连续目标图像的迭代方法
Pub Date : 2015-09-27 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376374
Yu-Hsin Kuo, Jean‐Fu Kiang
An iterative approach, based on the linear sampling method (LSM) and the contrast source inversion (CSI) method, is proposed to improve the recovered images of multiple targets and targets with layered or continuous profile, including shape and distribution of electric properties. The difficulties in dealing with large targets or high contrast are partly overcome with this approach. Typical targets studied in the literatures are chosen for simulations and comparison.
提出了一种基于线性采样法(LSM)和对比源反演法(CSI)的迭代方法,以改善多目标和分层或连续轮廓目标的恢复图像,包括形状和电性分布。这种方法在一定程度上克服了处理大目标或高对比度的困难。选取文献中研究的典型目标进行仿真和比较。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Notched UWB Filter Using Stepped Impedance Stub Loaded Microstrip Resonator and Spurlines 采用阶跃阻抗短段负载微带谐振器和杂散线的新型陷波超宽带滤波器
Pub Date : 2015-09-17 DOI: 10.1155/2015/939521
Ramkumar Uikey, Ramanand Sagar Sangam, Kakumanu Prasadu, R. S. Kshetrimayum
This paper presents a novel ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter using stepped impedance stub loaded microstrip resonator (SISLMR). The proposed resonator is so formed to allow its four resonant frequencies in the UWB passband, which extends from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Moreover, two spurline sections are employed to create a sharp notched-band filter for suppressing the signals of 5 GHz WLAN devices. Experimental results of the fabricated filters are in good agreement with the HFSS simulations and validate the design.
提出了一种基于阶跃阻抗短段加载微带谐振器的新型超宽带带通滤波器。所提出的谐振器是这样形成的,允许其四个谐振频率在超宽带通带,从3.1 GHz延伸到10.6 GHz。此外,采用两个突线部分来创建用于抑制5ghz WLAN设备信号的锐利陷波带滤波器。实验结果与HFSS仿真结果吻合较好,验证了设计的正确性。
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引用次数: 10
Implementation of a Cross-Spectrum FFT Analyzer for a Phase-Noise Test System in a Low-Cost FPGA 相位噪声测试系统的跨频谱FFT分析仪在低成本FPGA上的实现
Pub Date : 2015-09-17 DOI: 10.1155/2015/757591
P. Fleischmann, H. Mathis, J. Kucera, Stefan Dahinden
The cross-correlation method allows phase-noise measurements of high-quality devices with very low noise levels, using reference sources with higher noise levels than the device under test. To implement this method, a phase-noise analyzer needs to compute the cross-spectral density, that is, the Fourier transform of the cross-correlation, of two time series over a wide frequency range, from fractions of Hz to tens of MHz. Furthermore, the analyzer requires a high dynamic range to accommodate the phase noise of high-quality oscillators that may fall off by more than 100 dB from close-in noise to the noise floor at large frequency offsets. This paper describes the efficient implementation of a cross-spectrum analyzer in a low-cost FPGA, as part of a modern phase-noise analyzer with very fast measurement time.
互相关方法允许使用比被测器件噪声水平更高的参考源,对噪声水平非常低的高质量器件进行相位噪声测量。为了实现这种方法,相位噪声分析仪需要计算跨谱密度,即两个时间序列在很宽的频率范围内(从Hz的分数到几十MHz)的相互关系的傅里叶变换。此外,分析仪需要一个高动态范围,以适应高质量振荡器的相位噪声,在大频率偏移时,从近距离噪声到噪声底可能下降超过100 dB。本文介绍了一种在低成本的FPGA上高效实现的跨频谱分析仪,作为现代相位噪声分析仪的一部分,具有非常快的测量时间。
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引用次数: 5
Negative Group Delay Circuit Based on Microwave Recursive Filters 基于微波递归滤波器的负群延迟电路
Pub Date : 2015-08-26 DOI: 10.1155/2015/646029
Mohammad Ashraf Ali, C. Wu
This work presents a novel approach to design a maximally flat negative group delay (NGD) circuit based on microwave recursive filters. The proposed NGD circuit is realized by cascading stages of quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance transformer. It is shown that the given circuit can be designed to have any prescribed group delay by changing the characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transformers (QWTs) cascaded with each other. The proposed approach provides a systematic method to synthesize NGD of arbitrary amount without including any discrete lumped component. For various prescribed NGD, the characteristic impedance of QWT has been tabulated for two and three stages of the circuit. The widths and lengths of microstrip transmission lines can be obtained from characteristic impedance and the frequency of operation of the transmission line. The results are verified in both simulation and measurement, showing a good agreement.
本文提出了一种基于微波递归滤波器的最大平坦负群延迟(NGD)电路设计方法。所提出的NGD电路是通过四分之一波长阶跃阻抗变压器级联实现的。结果表明,通过改变相互级联的四分之一波变压器(QWTs)的特性阻抗,可以将给定电路设计成具有任意规定的群延迟。该方法提供了一种系统的方法来合成任意数量的NGD,而不包括任何离散的集总分量。对于各种规定的NGD, QWT的特性阻抗已被制成二级和三级电路的表。微带传输线的宽度和长度可以由传输线的特性阻抗和工作频率得到。仿真结果和实测结果都得到了验证,两者吻合较好。
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引用次数: 1
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Filters Using Zero Order Resonators for WLAN Applications 用于WLAN应用的零阶谐振器小型化多带滤波器设计
Pub Date : 2015-03-09 DOI: 10.1155/2015/345326
Maryam Shafiee, M. A. C. Zadeh, H. Oraizi
The objective of this paper is to design miniaturized narrow- and dual-band filters for WLAN application using zero order resonators by the method of least squares. The miniaturization of the narrow-band filter is up to 70% and that of the dual-band filter is up to 64% compared to the available models in the literature. Two prototype models of the narrow-band and dual-band filters are fabricated and measured, which verify the proposed structure for the filter and its design by the presented method, using an equivalent circuit model.
本文的目标是利用最小二乘法设计用于WLAN应用的小型化窄带和双带滤波器,该滤波器采用零阶谐振器。与现有的文献模型相比,窄带滤波器的小型化程度可达70%,双带滤波器的小型化程度可达64%。制作并测量了窄带和双带滤波器的两个原型模型,利用等效电路模型验证了所提出的滤波器结构及其设计方法。
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引用次数: 1
The Spiral Coaxial Cable 螺旋同轴电缆
Pub Date : 2015-02-26 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630131
I. Fabbri
A new concept of metal spiral coaxial cable is introduced. The solution toMaxwell’s equations for the fundamental propagating TEM eigenmode, using ageneralization of the Schwarz-Christoffel conformal mapping of the spiral transversesection, is provided together with the analysis of the impedances and thePoynting vector of the line. The new cable may find application as a medium fortelecommunication and networking or in the sector of the Microwave Photonics. A spiral plasmonic coaxial cable could be used to propagate subwavelength surfaceplasmon polaritons at optical frequencies. Furthermore, according to the present model, the myelinated nerves can be considered natural examples of spiral coaxial cables. This study suggests that a malformation of the Peters angle, which determines the power of the neural signal in the TEM mode, causes higher/lower power to be transmitted in the neural networkswith respect to the natural level. The formulas of the myelin sheaths thickness, thediameter of the axon, and the spiral factor of the lipid bilayers, which are mathematicallyrelated to the impedances of the spiral coaxial line, can make it easier to analyze the neural line impedance mismatches and the signal disconnections typical of the neurodegenerative diseases.
介绍了金属螺旋同轴电缆的新概念。利用螺旋截面的Schwarz-Christoffel共形映射,给出了TEM基本传播特征模的maxwell方程的解,并对线路的阻抗和poynting矢量进行了分析。这种新型电缆可以作为电信和网络的媒介或在微波光子学领域得到应用。螺旋等离子体同轴电缆可以在光学频率下传播亚波长表面等离子体激元。此外,根据目前的模型,髓鞘神经可以被认为是螺旋同轴电缆的自然例子。该研究表明,决定TEM模式下神经信号功率的彼得斯角的畸形导致神经网络中相对于自然水平的更高/更低的功率传输。髓鞘厚度、轴突直径和脂质双分子层螺旋因子与螺旋同轴线阻抗的数学关系,使分析神经退行性疾病典型的神经线阻抗失配和信号断开更为容易。
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引用次数: 6
An Effective Math Model for Eliminating Interior Resonance Problems of EM Scattering 消除电磁散射内部共振问题的有效数学模型
Pub Date : 2015-01-31 DOI: 10.1155/2015/724702
Zhang Yunfeng, Zhou Zhongshan, Sun Zhi-guo, Wang Rong-zhu, Chen Zehuang
It is well-known that if an -field integral equation or an -field integral equation is applied alone in analysis of EM scattering from a conducting body, the solution to the equation will be either nonunique or unstable at the vicinity of a certain interior frequency. An effective math model is presented here, providing an easy way to deal with this situation. At the interior resonant frequencies, the surface current density is divided into two parts: an induced surface current caused by the incident field and a resonance surface current associated with the interior resonance mode. In this paper, the presented model, based on electric field integral equation and orthogonal modal theory, is used here to filter out resonant mode; therefore, unique and stable solution will be obtained. The proposed method possesses the merits of clarity in concept and simplicity in computation. A good agreement is achieved between the calculated results and those obtained by other methods in both 2D and 3D EM scattering.
众所周知,在分析导电体的电磁散射时,如果单独使用-场积分方程或-场积分方程,在某一内部频率附近,方程的解要么是非唯一的,要么是不稳定的。这里提出了一个有效的数学模型,提供了一种简单的方法来处理这种情况。在内部谐振频率下,表面电流密度分为两部分:由入射场引起的感应表面电流和与内部谐振模式相关的共振表面电流。本文采用基于电场积分方程和正交模态理论的模型来滤除谐振模态;因此,将得到唯一且稳定的解。该方法具有概念清晰、计算简单等优点。二维和三维电磁散射的计算结果与其他方法的计算结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 2
Quad-Band Bowtie Antenna Design for Wireless Communication System Using an Accurate Equivalent Circuit Model 基于精确等效电路模型的无线通信系统四波段领结天线设计
Pub Date : 2015-01-22 DOI: 10.1155/2015/637607
M. Moulay, M. Abri, H. Badaoui
A novel configuration of quad-band bowtie antenna suitable for wireless application is proposed based on accurate equivalent circuit model. The simple configuration and low profile nature of the proposed antenna lead to easy multifrequency operation. The proposed antenna is designed to satisfy specific bandwidth specifications for current communication systems including the Bluetooth (frequency range 2.4–2.485 GHz) and bands of the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) low band (frequency range 5.15–5.35 GHz) and U-NII mid band (frequency range 5.47–5.725 GHz) and used for mobile WiMAX (frequency range 3.3–3.6 GHz). To validate the proposed equivalent circuit model, the simulation results are compared with those obtained by the moments method of Momentum software, the finite integration technique of CST Microwave studio, and the finite element method of HFSS software. An excellent agreement is achieved for all the designed antennas. The analysis of the simulated results confirms the successful design of quad-band bowtie antenna.
基于精确等效电路模型,提出了一种适用于无线应用的四频段领结天线结构。所提出的天线的简单配置和低姿态特性导致易于多频率操作。该天线旨在满足当前通信系统的特定带宽规格,包括蓝牙(频率范围为2.4-2.485 GHz)和无许可国家信息基础设施(U-NII)低频段(频率范围为5.15-5.35 GHz)和U-NII中频段(频率范围为5.47-5.725 GHz),用于移动WiMAX(频率范围为3.3-3.6 GHz)。为了验证所提出的等效电路模型,将仿真结果与Momentum软件的矩量法、CST Microwave studio的有限积分技术和HFSS软件的有限元方法进行了比较。所有设计的天线都达到了很好的一致性。仿真结果的分析证实了四波段领结天线设计的成功。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology
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