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Heterologous expression of ACC deaminase gene in Pelargonium graveolens showed elevated tolerance to chromium stress. 异源表达 ACC 脱氨酶基因的天竺葵对铬胁迫的耐受性增强。
IF 2.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00398-6
Pooja Singh, Farah Deeba, Laiq-Ur Rahman

An essential aromatic plant, Pelargonium graveolens, does not grow well in areas where chromium contamination is a problem. Because of oxidative stress and the collapse of the photosynthetic system, crops frequently sustain severe damage. The production of excess ethylene, known as stress ethylene, which is detrimental to plant growth, the formation of roots, and early senescence, is also increased by heavy metal exposure. The effectiveness of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase gene in transgenic Pelargonium graveolens under the control of CaMV 35S promoter was investigated to lessen the stress ethylene during chromium stress. Chromium was administered as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) at four distinct concentrations (100 µM, 200 µM, 300 µM, and 500 µM) to transgenic and wild-type P. graveolens and stress-induced physiological changes were monitored. Transgenic P. graveolens demonstrated greater tolerance to chromium stress than wild-type P. graveolens, as evidenced by higher leaf-relative water content, chlorophyll content, CO2 absorption, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, proline buildup, and antioxidant activity. The L1, L5, and L7, ACC deaminase-expressing transgenic lines also show a drop in ACC content during chromium stress, which subsequently lowered ethylene synthesis. Therefore, the reported transgenic P. graveolens lines having the ACC deaminase gene could be useful resources for growing in chromium-prone regions.

一种重要的芳香植物天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens)在铬污染严重的地区生长不良。由于氧化应激和光合系统的崩溃,作物经常受到严重损害。过量乙烯(即胁迫乙烯)的产生也会因重金属暴露而增加,这种乙烯不利于植物的生长、根系的形成和早期衰老。研究发现,在 CaMV 35S 启动子的控制下,转基因天竺葵中的 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase 基因能有效减少铬胁迫下的胁迫乙烯。铬以重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)的形式以四种不同的浓度(100 µM、200 µM、300 µM和500 µM)施用于转基因天竺葵和野生型天竺葵,并监测胁迫引起的生理变化。与野生型 P. graveolens 相比,转基因 P. graveolens 对铬胁迫的耐受性更强,表现为叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、二氧化碳吸收量、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、脯氨酸积累和抗氧化活性更高。表达 ACC 脱氨酶的转基因品系 L1、L5 和 L7 在铬胁迫期间也显示出 ACC 含量的下降,从而降低了乙烯的合成。因此,所报道的具有 ACC 脱氨酶基因的转基因 P. graveolens 品系可作为在铬易感地区生长的有用资源。
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引用次数: 0
A novel AP2/ERF transcription factor, NtERF10, positively regulates plant height in tobacco. 新型 AP2/ERF 转录因子 NtERF10 能正向调节烟草的株高。
IF 2.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00383-z
Li Xu, Yong Xu, Jia-Rui Jiang, Chang-Xin Cheng, Wen-Wu Yang, Le-le Deng, Qi-Li Mi, Wan-Li Zeng, Jing Li, Qian Gao, Hai-Ying Xiang, Xue-Mei Li

Ethylene response factors have been shown to be involved in the effects of plant developmental processes and to regulate stress tolerance. The aim of this study was to recognize the regulatory mechanisms of ethylene response factors on tobacco plant height. In this study, a gene-edited mutant (ERF10-KO) and wild type (WT) were utilized as experimental materials. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of NtERF10 gene editing on plant height in tobacco. Here, through the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2051 genes were upregulated and 1965 genes were downregulated. We characterized the different ERF10-KO and WT plant heights and identified key genes for photosynthesis, the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and the terpene biosynthesis pathway. NtERF10 was found to affect the growth and development of tobacco by regulating the expression levels of the PSAA, PSBA, GLY17 and GGP3 genes. Amino acid metabolism was analyzed by combining analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). In addition, we found that members of the bHLH, NAC, MYB, and WRKY transcription factor families have vital roles in regulating plant height. This study not only provides important insights into the positive regulation of the ethylene response factor NtERF10 on plant height during plant growth and development but also provides new research ideas for tobacco molecular breeding.

研究表明,乙烯响应因子参与植物发育过程的影响,并调控植物的抗逆性。本研究旨在认识乙烯响应因子对烟草株高的调控机制。本研究以基因编辑突变体(ERF10-KO)和野生型(WT)为实验材料。通过转录组和代谢组分析,研究了NtERF10基因编辑对烟草株高的调控机制。通过分析差异表达基因(DEGs),我们发现有 2051 个基因上调,1965 个基因下调。我们鉴定了 ERF10-KO 和 WT 株高的不同特征,并确定了光合作用、植物激素信号转导途径和萜烯生物合成途径的关键基因。研究发现,NtERF10通过调节PSAA、PSBA、GLY17和GGP3基因的表达水平影响烟草的生长发育。通过结合差异表达基因(DEGs)和差异积累代谢物(DAMs)的分析,对氨基酸代谢进行了分析。此外,我们还发现 bHLH、NAC、MYB 和 WRKY 转录因子家族的成员在调控植物高度方面发挥着重要作用。这项研究不仅为乙烯响应因子 NtERF10 在植物生长发育过程中对植株高度的正向调控提供了重要见解,也为烟草分子育种提供了新的研究思路。
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引用次数: 0
TT2023 meeting report on the 18th Transgenic Technology meeting in Houston, United States. TT2023 第 18 次转基因技术会议报告,美国休斯顿。
IF 2.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00392-y
Nataša Savić, Zorica Ristić, Stefan Selbert

The 18th Transgenic Technology Meeting, held in Houston, Texas from November 12-15, 2023, was a vibrant international forum. It brought together nearly 400 delegates to discuss advances in transgenic technologies and the science these technologies support. Among them were 329 in-person and 70 remote delegates, representing 26 countries from 5 continents. The event, hosted by the International Society for Transgenic Technologies (ISTT), was set against the backdrop of the Hyatt Regency's panoramic views, reflecting the innovative spirit of the conference. A notable precursor to the main conference was the Allele Design Pre-conference Workshop, which fostered in-depth discussions on state-of-the-art methodologies. The main conference encompassed ten sessions, delving into diverse topics from Precision Animal Models of Human Disease to the use of transgenic animals in Space Biology. Eighty posters provided for a lively exchange of ideas, while the ISTT Prize and other awards highlighted the event's commitment to excellence. Beyond the conference halls, attendees had the opportunity to venture into Houston's Museum District, home to 19 museums in the downtown area, or indulge in unique dining experiences.

第 18 届转基因技术会议于 2023 年 11 月 12-15 日在得克萨斯州休斯敦举行,是一次充满活力的国际论坛。会议汇聚了近 400 名代表,共同讨论转基因技术的进展以及这些技术所支持的科学。其中有 329 位亲临现场的代表和 70 位远程代表,分别代表 5 大洲的 26 个国家。会议由国际转基因技术协会(ISTT)主办,以凯悦酒店的全景为背景,体现了会议的创新精神。主会场会议的一个重要前奏是 "等位基因设计会前研讨会",该研讨会促进了对最新方法的深入讨论。主会场会议包括十个分会场,深入探讨了从人类疾病的精准动物模型到转基因动物在太空生物学中的应用等不同主题。八十份海报促进了热烈的思想交流,而ISTT奖和其他奖项则彰显了本次会议追求卓越的决心。在会场之外,与会者还有机会前往休斯顿博物馆区(市中心有 19 家博物馆),或享受独特的餐饮体验。
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引用次数: 0
Plant characterization of insect-protected soybean. 防虫大豆的植物特征。
IF 2.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00391-z
Duška Stojšin, Hallison Vertuan, Chen Meng, Roger Effertz, Marcia Jose, Debbie Mahadeo, Augusto Crivellari, Christy Hu, Geraldo Berger

Insect-protected soybean (SIP) that produces the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 insecticidal crystal proteins has been developed to provide protection from feeding damage caused by targeted lepidopteran insect pests. Typically, as part of environmental risk assessment (ERA), plant characterization is conducted, and the data submitted to regulatory agencies prior to commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops. The objectives of this research were to: (a) compare soybean with and without the SIP trait in plant characterization field trials designed to fulfill requirements for submissions to global regulatory agencies and address China-specific considerations and (b) compare risk assessment conclusions across regions and the methodologies used in the field trials. The soybean with and without the SIP trait in temperate, tropical, and subtropical germplasm were planted in replicated multi-location trials in the USA (in 2012 and 2018) and Brazil (in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018). Agronomic, phenotypic, plant competitiveness, and survival characteristics were assessed for soybean entries with and without the SIP trait. Regardless of genetic background, growing region, season, or testing methodology, the risk assessment conclusions were the same: the evaluated insect-protected soybean did not differ from conventional soybean in evaluated agronomic, phenotypic, competitiveness, and survival characteristics indicating no change in plant pest/weed potential. These results reinforce the concept of data transportability across global regions, different seasons, germplasm, and methodologies that should be considered when assessing environmental risks of GM crops.

目前已开发出能产生 Cry1A.105 和 Cry2Ab2 杀虫晶体蛋白的防虫大豆(SIP),以防止目标鳞翅目害虫造成的食害。通常,在转基因作物商业化之前,作为环境风险评估(ERA)的一部分,要进行植物特征描述,并将数据提交给监管机构。这项研究的目标是(a) 比较在植物特性田间试验中含有和不含有 SIP 性状的大豆,以满足提交给全球监管机构的要求,并解决中国的具体问题;(b) 比较不同地区的风险评估结论和田间试验中使用的方法。在美国(2012 年和 2018 年)和巴西(2013/2014 年和 2017/2018 年)进行的多地点重复试验中,种植了温带、热带和亚热带种质中带有和不带有 SIP 性状的大豆。对具有和不具有 SIP 性状的大豆品种的农艺性状、表型、植物竞争力和存活特征进行了评估。无论遗传背景、种植区域、季节或测试方法如何,风险评估结论都是相同的:在农艺学、表型、竞争力和存活特征评估方面,被评估的防虫大豆与常规大豆没有差异,表明植物虫害/杂草潜力没有变化。这些结果强化了在评估转基因作物的环境风险时应考虑的跨全球区域、不同季节、种质和方法的数据可移植性概念。
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引用次数: 0
Transgenic expression of artificial microRNA targeting soybean mosaic virus P1 gene confers virus resistance in plant. 转基因表达靶向大豆花叶病毒 P1 基因的人工 microRNA 可使植物产生抗病毒性。
IF 3 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00388-8
Muhammad Faizan Latif, Jingquan Tan, Wang Zhang, Wenxuan Yang, Tinghui Zhuang, Wenlong Lu, Yanglin Qiu, Xinying Du, Xinjian Zhuang, Tong Zhou, Jiban K Kundu, Jinlong Yin, Kai Xu

RNA silencing is an innate immune mechanism of plants against invasion by viral pathogens. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) can be engineered to specifically induce RNA silencing against viruses in transgenic plants and has great potential for disease control. Here, we describe the development and application of amiRNA-based technology to induce resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a plant virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. We have shown that the amiRNA targeting the SMV P1 coding region has the highest antiviral activity than those targeting other SMV genes in a transient amiRNA expression assay. We transformed the gene encoding the P1-targeting amiRNA and obtained stable transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines (amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 and amiR-P1-4-1-2-1). Our results have demonstrated the efficient suppression of SMV infection in the P1-targeting amiRNA transgenic plants in an expression level-dependent manner. In particular, the amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 transgenic plant showed high expression of amiR-P1 and low SMV accumulation after being challenged with SMV. Thus, a transgenic approach utilizing the amiRNA technology appears to be effective in generating resistance to SMV.

RNA 沉默是植物抵御病毒病原体入侵的一种先天免疫机制。人工微RNA(amiRNA)可以在转基因植物中特异性地诱导RNA沉默以对抗病毒,在疾病控制方面具有巨大潜力。在此,我们介绍了基于 amiRNA 技术的开发和应用,该技术可诱导大豆花叶病毒(SMV)的抗性,SMV 是一种具有正义单链 RNA 基因组的植物病毒。在瞬时 amiRNA 表达试验中,我们发现靶向 SMV P1 编码区的 amiRNA 比靶向其他 SMV 基因的 amiRNA 具有最高的抗病毒活性。我们转化了编码 P1 靶向 amiRNA 的基因,获得了稳定的转基因烟草品系(amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 和 amiR-P1-4-1-2-1)。我们的研究结果表明,P1靶向amiRNA转基因植株能以表达水平依赖的方式有效抑制SMV感染。特别是,amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 转基因植株在受到 SMV 挑战后,表现出 amiR-P1 的高表达和 SMV 的低积累。因此,利用 amiRNA 技术的转基因方法似乎能有效产生对 SMV 的抗性。
{"title":"Transgenic expression of artificial microRNA targeting soybean mosaic virus P1 gene confers virus resistance in plant.","authors":"Muhammad Faizan Latif, Jingquan Tan, Wang Zhang, Wenxuan Yang, Tinghui Zhuang, Wenlong Lu, Yanglin Qiu, Xinying Du, Xinjian Zhuang, Tong Zhou, Jiban K Kundu, Jinlong Yin, Kai Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11248-024-00388-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11248-024-00388-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA silencing is an innate immune mechanism of plants against invasion by viral pathogens. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) can be engineered to specifically induce RNA silencing against viruses in transgenic plants and has great potential for disease control. Here, we describe the development and application of amiRNA-based technology to induce resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a plant virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. We have shown that the amiRNA targeting the SMV P1 coding region has the highest antiviral activity than those targeting other SMV genes in a transient amiRNA expression assay. We transformed the gene encoding the P1-targeting amiRNA and obtained stable transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines (amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 and amiR-P1-4-1-2-1). Our results have demonstrated the efficient suppression of SMV infection in the P1-targeting amiRNA transgenic plants in an expression level-dependent manner. In particular, the amiR-P1-3-1-2-1 transgenic plant showed high expression of amiR-P1 and low SMV accumulation after being challenged with SMV. Thus, a transgenic approach utilizing the amiRNA technology appears to be effective in generating resistance to SMV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23258,"journal":{"name":"Transgenic Research","volume":" ","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introgression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (PgP5CS) confers enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco. Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(PgP5CS)的导入增强了转基因烟草对非生物胁迫的抗性。
IF 2.7 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00385-x
Gothandapani Sellamuthu, Avijit Tarafdar, Rahul Singh Jasrotia, Minakshi Chaudhary, Harinder Vishwakarma, Jasdeep C Padaria

Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the proline biosynthetic pathway. Proline acts as an osmoprotectant, molecular chaperone, antioxidant, and regulator of redox homeostasis. The accumulation of proline during stress is believed to confer tolerance in plants. In this study, we cloned the complete CDS of the P5CS from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. and transformed into tobacco. Three transgenic tobacco plants with single-copy insertion were analyzed for drought and heat stress tolerance. No difference was observed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants when both were grown in normal conditions. However, under heat and drought, transgenic plants have been found to have higher chlorophyll, relative water, and proline content, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than WT plants. The photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, intracellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate) were also observed to be high in transgenic plants under abiotic stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the transgene in drought and heat conditions was 2-10 and 2-7.5 fold higher than in normal conditions, respectively. Surprisingly, only P5CS was increased under heat stress conditions, indicating the possibility of feedback inhibition. Our results demonstrate the positive role of PgP5CS in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco, suggesting its possible use to increase abiotic stress-tolerance in crops for sustained yield under adverse climatic conditions.

Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)是参与脯氨酸生物合成途径的关键调节酶之一。脯氨酸是一种渗透保护剂、分子伴侣、抗氧化剂和氧化还原平衡调节剂。脯氨酸在胁迫期间的积累被认为能赋予植物耐受性。在这项研究中,我们从珍珠粟(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.)中克隆了 P5CS 的完整 CDS,并将其转化到烟草中。分析了三个单拷贝插入的转基因烟草植株对干旱和热胁迫的耐受性。在正常条件下,转基因植株与野生型(WT)植株没有差异。但在高温和干旱条件下,转基因植株的叶绿素、相对水和脯氨酸含量比 WT 植株高,丙二醛(MDA)含量比 WT 植株低。qRT-PCR 分析显示,干旱和高温条件下转基因的表达量分别比正常条件下高 2-10 倍和 2-7.5 倍。令人惊讶的是,只有 P5CS 在热胁迫条件下的表达量有所增加,这表明可能存在反馈抑制作用。我们的研究结果证明了 PgP5CS 在提高烟草的非生物胁迫耐受性方面的积极作用,这表明它可能用于提高作物的非生物胁迫耐受性,从而在不利的气候条件下实现持续增产。
{"title":"Introgression of Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (PgP5CS) confers enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco.","authors":"Gothandapani Sellamuthu, Avijit Tarafdar, Rahul Singh Jasrotia, Minakshi Chaudhary, Harinder Vishwakarma, Jasdeep C Padaria","doi":"10.1007/s11248-024-00385-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11248-024-00385-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the proline biosynthetic pathway. Proline acts as an osmoprotectant, molecular chaperone, antioxidant, and regulator of redox homeostasis. The accumulation of proline during stress is believed to confer tolerance in plants. In this study, we cloned the complete CDS of the P5CS from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. and transformed into tobacco. Three transgenic tobacco plants with single-copy insertion were analyzed for drought and heat stress tolerance. No difference was observed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants when both were grown in normal conditions. However, under heat and drought, transgenic plants have been found to have higher chlorophyll, relative water, and proline content, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than WT plants. The photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, intracellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and transpiration rate) were also observed to be high in transgenic plants under abiotic stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the transgene in drought and heat conditions was 2-10 and 2-7.5 fold higher than in normal conditions, respectively. Surprisingly, only P5CS was increased under heat stress conditions, indicating the possibility of feedback inhibition. Our results demonstrate the positive role of PgP5CS in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco, suggesting its possible use to increase abiotic stress-tolerance in crops for sustained yield under adverse climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23258,"journal":{"name":"Transgenic Research","volume":" ","pages":"131-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coexistence field trials between MON810 and conventional maize in Mallorca as a basis for a regional regulatory proposal based on scientific evidence in the times of genome editing. 在马略卡岛进行的 MON810 和传统玉米共存田间试验,作为在基因组编辑时代根据科学证据提出地区监管建议的基础。
IF 3 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00384-y
Juan Antonio Vives-Vallés, Maria Corujo, Maria Pla, Jeroni Galmés

This paper reports the first coexistence field trials between transgenic and conventional maize carried out under Mediterranean island conditions. Their purpose was to assess the local validity of pollen barriers and sowing delays as coexistence strategies as a basis for a regional regulation on the subject. Two field trials were performed in two agricultural states of Alcudia and Palma, in Mallorca (Spain). In the first one, two adjacent plots were synchronously sown with conventional and transgenic maize, respectively. In the second trial, the previous design was replicated, and two additional plots sown with GM maize were added, paired with their respective conventional recipient plots sown 2 and 4 weeks later. All conventional plots were located downwind from their respective GM plots. Of the two conventional plots in sowing synchrony, only one of them required a 2.25 m pollen barrier to meet the 0.9% labeling threshold. A 4-week sowing delay between GM and non-GM plots proved to be enough to keep the GM content of the recipient plots below the legal threshold. However, with a 2-week sowing delay additional coexistence measures such as pollen barriers might be needed, as suggested in the literature. Results are consistent with previous research conducted in the northeast of Spain, thus validating in the island's agroclimatic conditions a model successfully tested in that peninsular region which allows to accurately estimate the need and width of pollen barriers. The results presented here could perhaps be extrapolated to other islands, coastal areas, and regions with stable prevailing winds during the maize flowering season.

本文报告了在地中海岛屿条件下进行的首次转基因玉米与传统玉米共存田间试验。试验的目的是评估花粉屏障和延迟播种作为共存策略在当地的有效性,并以此为基础制定相关的地区法规。在马略卡岛(西班牙)的阿尔库迪亚和帕尔马两个农业州进行了两项田间试验。在第一个试验中,两块相邻的地块分别同步播种了传统玉米和转基因玉米。在第二次试验中,重复了之前的设计,增加了两块播种转基因玉米的地块,并分别在 2 周和 4 周后与各自的常规受体地块配对播种。所有常规地块都位于各自转基因地块的下风向。在同步播种的两块常规地块中,只有一块需要 2.25 米的花粉隔离带才能达到 0.9% 的标记阈值。事实证明,在转基因地块和非转基因地块之间延迟 4 周播种,足以使受援地块的转基因含量低于法定阈值。不过,如果延迟 2 周播种,则可能需要采取额外的共存措施,如花粉屏障,正如文献中建议的那样。研究结果与之前在西班牙东北部进行的研究结果一致,从而在该岛的农业气候条件下验证了在半岛地区成功测试的模型,该模型可准确估计花粉屏障的必要性和宽度。这里介绍的结果或许可以推广到其他岛屿、沿海地区以及玉米花期盛行风稳定的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Generation and characterization of cerebellar granule neurons specific knockout mice of Golli-MBP 小脑颗粒神经元特异性Golli-MBP基因敲除小鼠的产生和特征描述
IF 3 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00382-0
Haruko Miyazaki, Saki Nishioka, Tomoyuki Yamanaka, Manabu Abe, Yukio Imamura, Tomohiro Miyasaka, Nobuto Kakuda, Toshitaka Oohashi, Tomomi Shimogori, Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Masahito Ikawa, Nobuyuki Nukina

Golli–myelin basic proteins, encoded by the myelin basic protein gene, are widely expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Further, prior research has shown that Golli–myelin basic protein is necessary for myelination and neuronal maturation during central nervous system development. In this study, we established Golli–myelin basic protein-floxed mice to elucidate the cell-type-specific effects of Golli–myelin basic protein knockout through the generation of conditional knockout mice (Gollimyelin basic proteinsfl/fl; E3CreN), in which Golli–myelin basic proteins were specifically deleted in cerebellar granule neurons, where Golli–myelin basic proteins are expressed abundantly in wild-type mice. To investigate the role of Golli–myelin basic proteins in cerebellar granule neurons, we further performed histopathological analyses of these mice, with results indicating no morphological changes or degeneration of the major cellular components of the cerebellum. Furthermore, behavioral analysis showed that Gollimyelin basic proteinsfl/fl; E3CreN mice were healthy and did not display any abnormal behavior. These results suggest that the loss of Golli–myelin basic proteins in cerebellar granule neurons does not lead to cerebellar perturbations or behavioral abnormalities. This mouse model could therefore be employed to analyze the effect of Golli–myelin basic protein deletion in specific cell types of the central nervous system, such as other neuronal cells and oligodendrocytes, or in lymphocytes of the immune system.

髓鞘碱性蛋白基因编码的Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白在中枢神经系统的神经元和少突胶质细胞中广泛表达。此外,先前的研究表明,Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白是中枢神经系统发育过程中髓鞘化和神经元成熟所必需的。在本研究中,我们通过产生条件性基因敲除小鼠(Golli-myelin basic proteinsfl/fl; E3CreN),在小脑颗粒神经元中特异性地缺失Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白,以阐明Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白基因敲除对细胞类型的特异性影响。为了研究Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白在小脑颗粒神经元中的作用,我们进一步对这些小鼠进行了组织病理学分析,结果表明小脑的主要细胞成分没有发生形态变化或退化。此外,行为分析表明,Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白fl/fl; E3CreN小鼠身体健康,没有表现出任何异常行为。这些结果表明,小脑颗粒神经元中Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白的缺失不会导致小脑紊乱或行为异常。因此,这种小鼠模型可用于分析中枢神经系统特定细胞类型(如其他神经元细胞和少突胶质细胞)或免疫系统淋巴细胞中Golli-髓鞘碱性蛋白缺失的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory landscape and public perception for gene-edited bananas in the Southeast Asian region 东南亚地区对基因编辑香蕉的监管情况和公众看法
IF 3 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00379-9
Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat Jalaluddin, Abdulah Al-Hadi Ahmad Fuaad, Rofina Yasmin Othman

Banana is a premier fruit crop in many parts of the world especially Southeast Asia. The demand for banana has contributed to significant national income to primary banana producers in the SEA region such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. However, the widely traded banana industry is plagued by numerous threats including pests and diseases, post-harvest issues and extreme climate vulnerability. To address these challenges, new breeding techniques such as gene editing have been explored for breeding programs to develop improved banana varieties. The first gene-edited non-browning banana has been deregulated in the Philippines recently, and more regulatory applications are expected to submit for approvals soon. Hence, it is timely to review the policy options for gene editing that have been adopted and discussed in the Southeast Asian countries and highlight the implications of differing regulatory approaches to gene editing for trading activities. Positive stakeholders’ perceptions and public acceptance are key factors in allowing the benefits of gene editing and thus appropriate outreach strategies are important to gain acceptance and avoid the “GMO stigma” that may be associated with gene-edited products.

香蕉是世界许多地区,尤其是东南亚地区的主要水果作物。对香蕉的需求为菲律宾、印度尼西亚、泰国、越南和马来西亚等东南亚地区的主要香蕉生产国带来了可观的国民收入。然而,交易广泛的香蕉产业却受到病虫害、收获后问题和极端气候脆弱性等诸多威胁的困扰。为了应对这些挑战,人们探索了新的育种技术,如基因编辑育种计划,以开发改良香蕉品种。最近,菲律宾解除了对首个基因编辑非褐变香蕉的管制,预计不久将有更多的管制申请提交审批。因此,现在是时候回顾一下东南亚国家采用和讨论的基因编辑政策选择,并强调不同的基因编辑监管方法对贸易活动的影响。利益相关者的积极看法和公众的接受程度是基因编辑获益的关键因素,因此,适当的推广战略对于获得接受度和避免基因编辑产品可能带来的 "转基因污名 "非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Prey-mediated effects of Mpp51Aa2-producing cotton on longevity and reproduction of Orius majusculus 产生 Mpp51Aa2 的棉花在猎物介导下对黄莺寿命和繁殖的影响
IF 3 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00378-w
Michael Meissle

Genetically engineered (GE) cotton event MON 88702, producing Mpp51Aa2 (previously mCry51Aa2) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), controls sucking pests, such as Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and thrips (Thysanoptera). Ingesting high doses of the insecticidal protein resulted in adverse effects on life table parameters of beneficial, predatory Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). This triggered laboratory studies with more realistic food treatments, including different combinations of prey types with and without Bt protein to further characterize risks to this important group of non-target organisms. In this work, exclusive feeding of frozen spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Acari: Tetranychidae) from Bt cotton confirmed adverse effects on longevity and fecundity of O. majusculus adults. Alternate feeding of Bt protein-containing spider mites and Bt-free Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs mitigated effects on longevity, but not on fecundity. When living larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Bt cotton were fed to the predators, however, no effects on longevity and reproduction of female O. majusculus were observed, despite the fact that Bt protein concentrations in larvae were almost as high as concentrations in spider mites. When a diverse mix of prey species with various Bt protein concentrations is consumed in the field, it is unlikely that exposure of Orius spp. to Mpp51Aa2 is high enough to exert adverse effects on predator populations. MON 88702 cotton may thus be a valuable tool for integrated management of sucking pests.

转基因(GE)棉花 MON 88702 产生苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)的 Mpp51Aa2(以前为 mCry51Aa2),可控制吮吸害虫,如 Lygus spp.(半翅目: Miridae)和蓟马(蓟马科)。摄入高剂量的杀虫蛋白会对有益的捕食性黄鹂属(半翅目:蓟马科)的生命表参数产生不利影响。这引发了实验室研究中更现实的食物处理方法,包括含有或不含 Bt 蛋白的不同猎物类型组合,以进一步确定对这一重要非目标生物群体的风险特征。在这项工作中,只喂食来自 Bt 棉花的冷冻蜘蛛螨(Tetranychus urticae, Acari: Tetranychidae)证实会对 O. majusculus 成虫的寿命和繁殖力产生不利影响。交替喂食含 Bt 蛋白的蜘蛛螨和不含 Bt 的 Ephestia kuehniella(鳞翅目:蚜科)卵可减轻对寿命的影响,但对繁殖力没有影响。然而,当给捕食者喂食来自 Bt 棉花的 Spodoptera littoralis(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)活幼虫时,尽管幼虫体内的 Bt 蛋白浓度几乎与蜘蛛螨体内的浓度一样高,却没有观察到对雌性 O. majusculus 的寿命和繁殖有任何影响。当田间食用的猎物种类繁多,Bt 蛋白浓度各异时,Orius 不可能暴露于 Mpp51Aa2 的浓度高到足以对捕食者种群产生不利影响。因此,MON 88702 棉花可能是吸浆害虫综合治理的重要工具。
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Transgenic Research
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