Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.005
Jeanne M.C. McDonald, Robert D. Reed
Our understanding of how cis-regulatory elements work has advanced rapidly, outpacing our evolutionary models. In this review, we consider the implications of new mechanistic findings for evolutionary developmental biology. We focus on three different debates: whether evolutionary innovation occurs more often via the modification of old cis-regulatory elements or the emergence of new ones; the extent to which individual elements are specific and autonomous or multifunctional and interdependent; and how the robustness of cis-regulatory architectures influences the rate of trait evolution. These discussions lead us to propose new questions for the evo-devo of cis-regulation.
{"title":"Beyond modular enhancers: new questions in cis-regulatory evolution","authors":"Jeanne M.C. McDonald, Robert D. Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our understanding of how <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements work has advanced rapidly, outpacing our evolutionary models. In this review, we consider the implications of new mechanistic findings for evolutionary developmental biology. We focus on three different debates: whether evolutionary innovation occurs more often via the modification of old <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements or the emergence of new ones; the extent to which individual elements are specific and autonomous or multifunctional and interdependent; and how the robustness of <em>cis</em>-regulatory architectures influences the rate of trait evolution. These discussions lead us to propose new questions for the evo-devo of <em>cis</em>-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.007
Oscar Schofield, Megan Cimino, Scott Doney, Ari Friedlaender, Michael Meredith, Carlos Moffat, Sharon Stammerjohn, Benjamin Van Mooy, Deborah Steinberg
High-latitude pelagic marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change because of the intertwining of sea/continental ice dynamics, physics, biogeochemistry, and food-web structure. Data from the West Antarctic Peninsula allow us to assess how ice influences marine food webs by modulating solar inputs to the ocean, inhibiting wind mixing, altering the freshwater balance and ocean stability, and providing a physical substrate for organisms. State changes are linked to an increase in storm forcing and changing distribution of ocean heat. Changes ripple through the plankton, shifting the magnitude of primary production and its community composition, altering the abundance of krill and other prey essential for marine mammals and seabirds. These climate-driven changes in the food web are being exacerbated by human activity.
{"title":"Antarctic pelagic ecosystems on a warming planet","authors":"Oscar Schofield, Megan Cimino, Scott Doney, Ari Friedlaender, Michael Meredith, Carlos Moffat, Sharon Stammerjohn, Benjamin Van Mooy, Deborah Steinberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-latitude pelagic marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change because of the intertwining of sea/continental ice dynamics, physics, biogeochemistry, and food-web structure. Data from the West Antarctic Peninsula allow us to assess how ice influences marine food webs by modulating solar inputs to the ocean, inhibiting wind mixing, altering the freshwater balance and ocean stability, and providing a physical substrate for organisms. State changes are linked to an increase in storm forcing and changing distribution of ocean heat. Changes ripple through the plankton, shifting the magnitude of primary production and its community composition, altering the abundance of krill and other prey essential for marine mammals and seabirds. These climate-driven changes in the food web are being exacerbated by human activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.008
Victoria Reyes-García, Crystal Arnold, Sonia Graham
Biological invasions are a main threat to biodiversity. Seebens et al. find that Indigenous Peoples' lands host 30% fewer alien species than other lands. This finding calls for additional examination of the drivers of such difference, from Indigenous Peoples' land management practices to the values that guide relations with nature.
{"title":"Indigenous Peoples provide alternative approaches to managing biological invasions.","authors":"Victoria Reyes-García, Crystal Arnold, Sonia Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological invasions are a main threat to biodiversity. Seebens et al. find that Indigenous Peoples' lands host 30% fewer alien species than other lands. This finding calls for additional examination of the drivers of such difference, from Indigenous Peoples' land management practices to the values that guide relations with nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":"790-792"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.001
Michael Kaspari, Ellen A R Welti
Nutrient dilution (ND) - the decrease in the concentration of nutritional elements in plant tissue - arises from an increase in the mass of carbohydrates and/or a decrease in the 20+ essential elements. Increasing CO2 levels and its promotion of biomass are linked to nutrient dilution. We build a case for nutrient dilution as a key driver in global declines in herbivore abundance. Herbivores must build element-rich animal tissue from nutrient-poor plant tissue, and their abundance commonly increases with fertilization of both macro- and micronutrients. We predict the global impacts of nutrient dilution will be magnified in some of Earth's most biodiverse, highly productive, and/or nutrient-poor ecosystems and should favor specific traits of herbivores, including sap-feeding and ruminant microbiomes.
{"title":"Nutrient dilution and the future of herbivore populations.","authors":"Michael Kaspari, Ellen A R Welti","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrient dilution (ND) - the decrease in the concentration of nutritional elements in plant tissue - arises from an increase in the mass of carbohydrates and/or a decrease in the 20+ essential elements. Increasing CO<sub>2</sub> levels and its promotion of biomass are linked to nutrient dilution. We build a case for nutrient dilution as a key driver in global declines in herbivore abundance. Herbivores must build element-rich animal tissue from nutrient-poor plant tissue, and their abundance commonly increases with fertilization of both macro- and micronutrients. We predict the global impacts of nutrient dilution will be magnified in some of Earth's most biodiverse, highly productive, and/or nutrient-poor ecosystems and should favor specific traits of herbivores, including sap-feeding and ruminant microbiomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":"809-820"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006
Michal Bogdziewicz, Dave Kelly, Davide Ascoli, Thomas Caignard, Francesco Chianucci, Elizabeth E Crone, Emilie Fleurot, Jessie J Foest, Georg Gratzer, Tomika Hagiwara, Qingmin Han, Valentin Journé, Léa Keurinck, Katarzyna Kondrat, Ryan McClory, Jalene M LaMontagne, Ignacio A Mundo, Anita Nussbaumer, Iris Oberklammer, Misuzu Ohno, Ian S Pearse, Mario B Pesendorfer, Giulia Resente, Akiko Satake, Mitsue Shibata, Rebecca S Snell, Jakub Szymkowiak, Laura Touzot, Rafal Zwolak, Magdalena Zywiec, Andrew J Hacket-Pain
Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating proximate factors (environmental variation, weather cues, and resource budgets) with ultimate drivers (predator satiation and pollination efficiency). This general model shows how the relationships between masting and weather shape the diverse responses of species to climate warming, ranging from no change to lower interannual variation or reproductive failure. The role of environmental prediction as a masting driver is being reassessed; future studies need to estimate prediction accuracy and the benefits acquired. Since reproduction is central to plant adaptation to climate change, understanding how masting adapts to shifting environmental conditions is now a central question.
{"title":"Evolutionary ecology of masting: mechanisms, models, and climate change.","authors":"Michal Bogdziewicz, Dave Kelly, Davide Ascoli, Thomas Caignard, Francesco Chianucci, Elizabeth E Crone, Emilie Fleurot, Jessie J Foest, Georg Gratzer, Tomika Hagiwara, Qingmin Han, Valentin Journé, Léa Keurinck, Katarzyna Kondrat, Ryan McClory, Jalene M LaMontagne, Ignacio A Mundo, Anita Nussbaumer, Iris Oberklammer, Misuzu Ohno, Ian S Pearse, Mario B Pesendorfer, Giulia Resente, Akiko Satake, Mitsue Shibata, Rebecca S Snell, Jakub Szymkowiak, Laura Touzot, Rafal Zwolak, Magdalena Zywiec, Andrew J Hacket-Pain","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating proximate factors (environmental variation, weather cues, and resource budgets) with ultimate drivers (predator satiation and pollination efficiency). This general model shows how the relationships between masting and weather shape the diverse responses of species to climate warming, ranging from no change to lower interannual variation or reproductive failure. The role of environmental prediction as a masting driver is being reassessed; future studies need to estimate prediction accuracy and the benefits acquired. Since reproduction is central to plant adaptation to climate change, understanding how masting adapts to shifting environmental conditions is now a central question.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":"851-862"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.009
Fletcher W Halliday, Elle M Barnes, Miriam N Ojima, Isabelle Stiver
Host-associated organisms (i.e., symbionts) commonly interact within their shared hosts to form complex ecological communities. Here we suggest that within-host facilitation, where the presence of one symbiont group promotes establishment, growth, or reproduction of another, is prevalent, can arise from six fundamental mechanisms, and has broad implications for ecosystem dynamics.
{"title":"On the hunt for facilitation in symbiont communities.","authors":"Fletcher W Halliday, Elle M Barnes, Miriam N Ojima, Isabelle Stiver","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host-associated organisms (i.e., symbionts) commonly interact within their shared hosts to form complex ecological communities. Here we suggest that within-host facilitation, where the presence of one symbiont group promotes establishment, growth, or reproduction of another, is prevalent, can arise from six fundamental mechanisms, and has broad implications for ecosystem dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":"793-796"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.002
Gunnar Keppel, Diana Stralberg, Toni Lyn Morelli, Zoltán Bátori
Earth is facing simultaneous biodiversity and climate crises. Climate-change refugia - areas that are relatively buffered from climate change - can help address both of these problems by maintaining biodiversity components when the surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this capacity to support biodiversity is often vulnerable to severe climate change and other stressors. Thus, management actions need to consider the complex and multidimensional nature of refugia. We outline an approach to understand refugia-promoting processes and to evaluate refugial capacity to determine suitable management actions. Our framework applies climate-change refugia as tools to facilitate resistance in modern conservation planning. Such refugia-focused management can reduce extinctions and maintain biodiversity under climate change.
{"title":"Managing climate-change refugia to prevent extinctions.","authors":"Gunnar Keppel, Diana Stralberg, Toni Lyn Morelli, Zoltán Bátori","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Earth is facing simultaneous biodiversity and climate crises. Climate-change refugia - areas that are relatively buffered from climate change - can help address both of these problems by maintaining biodiversity components when the surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this capacity to support biodiversity is often vulnerable to severe climate change and other stressors. Thus, management actions need to consider the complex and multidimensional nature of refugia. We outline an approach to understand refugia-promoting processes and to evaluate refugial capacity to determine suitable management actions. Our framework applies climate-change refugia as tools to facilitate resistance in modern conservation planning. Such refugia-focused management can reduce extinctions and maintain biodiversity under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":"39 9","pages":"800-808"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.001
Iain Stott, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Owen R Jones, Thomas H G Ezard, Marlène Gamelon, Shelly Lachish, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, Emily G Simmonds, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Dave J Hodgson
Life history strategies, which combine schedules of survival, development, and reproduction, shape how natural selection acts on species' heritable traits and organismal fitness. Comparative analyses have historically ranked life histories along a fast-slow continuum, describing a negative association between time allocation to reproduction and development versus survival. However, higher-quality, more representative data and analyses have revealed that life history variation cannot be fully accounted for by this single continuum. Moreover, studies often do not test predictions from existing theories and instead operate as exploratory exercises. To move forward, we offer three recommendations for future investigations: standardizing life history traits, overcoming taxonomic siloes, and using theory to move from describing to understanding life history variation across the Tree of Life.
{"title":"Life histories are not just fast or slow.","authors":"Iain Stott, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Owen R Jones, Thomas H G Ezard, Marlène Gamelon, Shelly Lachish, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, Emily G Simmonds, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Dave J Hodgson","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life history strategies, which combine schedules of survival, development, and reproduction, shape how natural selection acts on species' heritable traits and organismal fitness. Comparative analyses have historically ranked life histories along a fast-slow continuum, describing a negative association between time allocation to reproduction and development versus survival. However, higher-quality, more representative data and analyses have revealed that life history variation cannot be fully accounted for by this single continuum. Moreover, studies often do not test predictions from existing theories and instead operate as exploratory exercises. To move forward, we offer three recommendations for future investigations: standardizing life history traits, overcoming taxonomic siloes, and using theory to move from describing to understanding life history variation across the Tree of Life.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":"830-840"},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}