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Beyond modular enhancers: new questions in cis-regulatory evolution 超越模块化增强子:顺式调控进化中的新问题
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.005
Jeanne M.C. McDonald, Robert D. Reed

Our understanding of how cis-regulatory elements work has advanced rapidly, outpacing our evolutionary models. In this review, we consider the implications of new mechanistic findings for evolutionary developmental biology. We focus on three different debates: whether evolutionary innovation occurs more often via the modification of old cis-regulatory elements or the emergence of new ones; the extent to which individual elements are specific and autonomous or multifunctional and interdependent; and how the robustness of cis-regulatory architectures influences the rate of trait evolution. These discussions lead us to propose new questions for the evo-devo of cis-regulation.

我们对顺式调控元件工作原理的理解进展迅速,超过了我们的进化模型。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨新的机理发现对进化发育生物学的影响。我们将重点讨论三个不同的问题:进化创新是更多地通过修改旧的顺式调控元件还是出现新的顺式调控元件来实现;单个元件在多大程度上是特异和自主的,还是多功能和相互依存的;顺式调控结构的稳健性如何影响性状进化的速度。这些讨论使我们对顺式调控的进化演变提出了新的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Antarctic pelagic ecosystems on a warming planet 地球变暖背景下的南极水层生态系统
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.007
Oscar Schofield, Megan Cimino, Scott Doney, Ari Friedlaender, Michael Meredith, Carlos Moffat, Sharon Stammerjohn, Benjamin Van Mooy, Deborah Steinberg

High-latitude pelagic marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change because of the intertwining of sea/continental ice dynamics, physics, biogeochemistry, and food-web structure. Data from the West Antarctic Peninsula allow us to assess how ice influences marine food webs by modulating solar inputs to the ocean, inhibiting wind mixing, altering the freshwater balance and ocean stability, and providing a physical substrate for organisms. State changes are linked to an increase in storm forcing and changing distribution of ocean heat. Changes ripple through the plankton, shifting the magnitude of primary production and its community composition, altering the abundance of krill and other prey essential for marine mammals and seabirds. These climate-driven changes in the food web are being exacerbated by human activity.

由于海冰/大陆冰的动力学、物理学、生物地球化学和食物网结构相互交织,高纬度远洋海洋生态系统很容易受到气候变化的影响。南极半岛西部的数据使我们能够评估冰是如何通过调节海洋的太阳输入、抑制风的混合、改变淡水平衡和海洋稳定性以及为生物提供物理基质来影响海洋食物网的。状态变化与风暴强迫的增加和海洋热量分布的变化有关。这些变化波及浮游生物,改变了初级生产的规模及其群落组成,改变了磷虾和海洋哺乳动物及海鸟所必需的其他猎物的数量。人类活动加剧了食物网中这些由气候驱动的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Subscription and Copyright Information 订阅和版权信息
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(24)00209-x
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Advisory Board and Contents 咨询委员会和内容
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(24)00206-4
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Indigenous Peoples provide alternative approaches to managing biological invasions. 土著人民提供了管理生物入侵的替代方法。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.008
Victoria Reyes-García, Crystal Arnold, Sonia Graham

Biological invasions are a main threat to biodiversity. Seebens et al. find that Indigenous Peoples' lands host 30% fewer alien species than other lands. This finding calls for additional examination of the drivers of such difference, from Indigenous Peoples' land management practices to the values that guide relations with nature.

生物入侵是生物多样性的主要威胁。Seebens 等人发现,土著居民土地上的外来物种比其他土地少 30%。这一发现要求对造成这种差异的驱动因素进行更多研究,从土著居民的土地管理实践到指导人与自然关系的价值观。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrient dilution and the future of herbivore populations. 营养稀释与食草动物种群的未来。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.001
Michael Kaspari, Ellen A R Welti

Nutrient dilution (ND) - the decrease in the concentration of nutritional elements in plant tissue - arises from an increase in the mass of carbohydrates and/or a decrease in the 20+ essential elements. Increasing CO2 levels and its promotion of biomass are linked to nutrient dilution. We build a case for nutrient dilution as a key driver in global declines in herbivore abundance. Herbivores must build element-rich animal tissue from nutrient-poor plant tissue, and their abundance commonly increases with fertilization of both macro- and micronutrients. We predict the global impacts of nutrient dilution will be magnified in some of Earth's most biodiverse, highly productive, and/or nutrient-poor ecosystems and should favor specific traits of herbivores, including sap-feeding and ruminant microbiomes.

营养稀释(ND)--植物组织中营养元素浓度的降低--源于碳水化合物质量的增加和/或 20 多种必需元素的减少。二氧化碳含量的增加及其对生物量的促进作用与营养稀释有关。我们认为,营养稀释是全球食草动物数量下降的主要驱动因素。食草动物必须从营养贫乏的植物组织中获取富含元素的动物组织,而它们的数量通常会随着宏量和微量营养元素的增加而增加。我们预测,养分稀释对全球的影响将在地球上一些生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高和/或养分最贫乏的生态系统中放大,并将有利于食草动物的特定特征,包括吸食汁液和反刍微生物群。
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引用次数: 0
Evolutionary ecology of masting: mechanisms, models, and climate change. 贻贝的进化生态学:机制、模型和气候变化。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006
Michal Bogdziewicz, Dave Kelly, Davide Ascoli, Thomas Caignard, Francesco Chianucci, Elizabeth E Crone, Emilie Fleurot, Jessie J Foest, Georg Gratzer, Tomika Hagiwara, Qingmin Han, Valentin Journé, Léa Keurinck, Katarzyna Kondrat, Ryan McClory, Jalene M LaMontagne, Ignacio A Mundo, Anita Nussbaumer, Iris Oberklammer, Misuzu Ohno, Ian S Pearse, Mario B Pesendorfer, Giulia Resente, Akiko Satake, Mitsue Shibata, Rebecca S Snell, Jakub Szymkowiak, Laura Touzot, Rafal Zwolak, Magdalena Zywiec, Andrew J Hacket-Pain

Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating proximate factors (environmental variation, weather cues, and resource budgets) with ultimate drivers (predator satiation and pollination efficiency). This general model shows how the relationships between masting and weather shape the diverse responses of species to climate warming, ranging from no change to lower interannual variation or reproductive failure. The role of environmental prediction as a masting driver is being reassessed; future studies need to estimate prediction accuracy and the benefits acquired. Since reproduction is central to plant adaptation to climate change, understanding how masting adapts to shifting environmental conditions is now a central question.

许多多年生植物都有萌芽繁殖现象,其特点是跨年度同步繁殖且繁殖量变化很大。我们提出了一个萌发的一般模型,将近因(环境变化、天气线索和资源预算)与终极驱动因素(捕食者饱和度和授粉效率)结合起来。这个一般模型显示了蜕皮与天气之间的关系如何塑造物种对气候变暖的不同反应,从没有变化到年际变化较小或繁殖失败。目前正在重新评估环境预测作为萌芽驱动因素的作用;未来的研究需要估算预测的准确性和获得的收益。由于繁殖是植物适应气候变化的核心,因此了解扦插如何适应不断变化的环境条件是目前的一个核心问题。
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引用次数: 0
On the hunt for facilitation in symbiont communities. 在共生体群落中寻找促进作用。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.009
Fletcher W Halliday, Elle M Barnes, Miriam N Ojima, Isabelle Stiver

Host-associated organisms (i.e., symbionts) commonly interact within their shared hosts to form complex ecological communities. Here we suggest that within-host facilitation, where the presence of one symbiont group promotes establishment, growth, or reproduction of another, is prevalent, can arise from six fundamental mechanisms, and has broad implications for ecosystem dynamics.

宿主相关生物(即共生体)通常在其共同宿主体内相互作用,形成复杂的生态群落。在这里,我们认为宿主内促进作用,即一个共生体群体的存在促进另一个共生体群体的建立、生长或繁殖,是普遍存在的现象,可由六种基本机制产生,并对生态系统动力学具有广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Managing climate-change refugia to prevent extinctions. 管理气候变化避难所,防止物种灭绝。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.002
Gunnar Keppel, Diana Stralberg, Toni Lyn Morelli, Zoltán Bátori

Earth is facing simultaneous biodiversity and climate crises. Climate-change refugia - areas that are relatively buffered from climate change - can help address both of these problems by maintaining biodiversity components when the surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this capacity to support biodiversity is often vulnerable to severe climate change and other stressors. Thus, management actions need to consider the complex and multidimensional nature of refugia. We outline an approach to understand refugia-promoting processes and to evaluate refugial capacity to determine suitable management actions. Our framework applies climate-change refugia as tools to facilitate resistance in modern conservation planning. Such refugia-focused management can reduce extinctions and maintain biodiversity under climate change.

地球同时面临着生物多样性和气候危机。气候变化避难所--相对缓冲气候变化的地区--可以在周围景观无法维持生物多样性的情况下,通过维持生物多样性成分来帮助解决这两个问题。然而,这种支持生物多样性的能力往往容易受到严重气候变化和其他压力因素的影响。因此,管理行动需要考虑避难所的复杂性和多面性。我们概述了一种方法,用于了解促进避风港的过程和评估避风港的能力,以确定合适的管理行动。我们的框架将气候变化避难所作为促进现代保护规划的工具。这种以保护区为重点的管理可以在气候变化的情况下减少物种灭绝并保持生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Life histories are not just fast or slow. 生命历程并非只有快慢之分。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.001
Iain Stott, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Owen R Jones, Thomas H G Ezard, Marlène Gamelon, Shelly Lachish, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, Emily G Simmonds, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Dave J Hodgson

Life history strategies, which combine schedules of survival, development, and reproduction, shape how natural selection acts on species' heritable traits and organismal fitness. Comparative analyses have historically ranked life histories along a fast-slow continuum, describing a negative association between time allocation to reproduction and development versus survival. However, higher-quality, more representative data and analyses have revealed that life history variation cannot be fully accounted for by this single continuum. Moreover, studies often do not test predictions from existing theories and instead operate as exploratory exercises. To move forward, we offer three recommendations for future investigations: standardizing life history traits, overcoming taxonomic siloes, and using theory to move from describing to understanding life history variation across the Tree of Life.

生命史策略结合了生存、发育和繁殖的时间安排,决定了自然选择如何作用于物种的遗传性状和生物体的适应性。比较分析历来将生命史划分为快慢连续统一体,描述了生殖和发育时间分配与生存时间分配之间的负相关。然而,质量更高、更有代表性的数据和分析表明,生命史的变异不能完全由这一单一的连续统一体来解释。此外,这些研究往往没有检验现有理论的预测,而是作为探索性工作进行。为了向前迈进,我们为未来的研究提出了三项建议:生命史特征标准化、克服分类学孤岛以及利用理论从描述生命之树的生命史变异到理解生命之树的生命史变异。
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Trends in ecology & evolution
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