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Dollo's law of irreversibility in the post-genomic age. 后基因组时代的多洛不可逆定律。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.010
Kathryn R Elmer, Jean Clobert

Dollo's law of irreversibility argues that evolution cannot revert to earlier states. It has remained controversial ever since its inception in the 19th century. Enabled by advances in phylogenomics and functional genomics, recent studies show that there are very likely some cases of 'breaking Dollo's law'. As post-genomic research grows from showing patterns to revealing processes, new emphasis is needed on the molecular mechanisms by which Dollo's law might be broken. Shifting the argument from 'if it happened' to 'how it happened' will provide richer understanding of organismal and evolutionary biology. Motivated by case studies and novel avenues to test trait loss and regain, we outline a set of alternative hypotheses to be evaluated and what the outcomes tell us about evolution.

多洛不可逆转定律认为,进化不可能恢复到早期状态。自 19 世纪提出以来,该定律一直饱受争议。在系统发生组学和功能基因组学的推动下,最近的研究表明,很可能存在一些 "打破多洛定律 "的情况。随着后基因组学研究从显示模式发展到揭示过程,我们需要对打破多洛定律的分子机制给予新的重视。将论点从 "是否发生 "转移到 "如何发生",将为生物体和进化生物学提供更丰富的理解。在案例研究和检验性状丧失与恢复的新途径的推动下,我们概述了一系列有待评估的替代假说,以及这些假说的结果对我们进化的启示。
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引用次数: 0
The evolutionary ecology of ethanol. 乙醇的进化生态学。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.005
Anna C Bowland, Amanda D Melin, David J Hosken, Kimberley J Hockings, Matthew A Carrigan

The consumption of ethanol has frequently been seen as largely restricted to humans. Here, we take a broad eco-evolutionary approach to understanding ethanol's potential impact on the natural world. There is growing evidence that ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars and that ethanol ingestion offers benefits that favour adaptations for its use in multiple taxa. Explanations for ethanol consumption span both the nutritional and non-nutritional, with potential medicinal value or cognitive effects (with social-behavioural benefits) explored. We conclude that ethanol is ecologically relevant and that it has shaped the evolution of many species and structured symbiotic relationships among organisms, including plants, yeast, bacteria, insects, and mammals.

乙醇的消费通常被认为主要限于人类。在这里,我们采用一种广泛的生态进化方法来理解乙醇对自然界的潜在影响。越来越多的证据表明,乙醇存在于许多野生果实、汁液和花蜜中,摄入乙醇可以带来好处,有利于多个类群适应乙醇的使用。对乙醇摄入的解释既有营养性的,也有非营养性的,还有潜在的药用价值或认知效应(具有社会行为益处)。我们的结论是,乙醇与生态相关,它影响了许多物种的进化,并构建了生物之间的共生关系,包括植物、酵母、细菌、昆虫和哺乳动物。
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引用次数: 0
The interactive effects of salt and heat on coastal ectotherms. 盐和热对沿海外温动物的交互影响。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.011
Léa Lorrain-Soligon, François Brischoux, Julien Pétillon

Coastal ecosystems face salinization and rising temperatures. In coastal ectotherms, salinity and temperature affect metabolism, tolerance, infections, growth, behavior, and survival. Overall, the combined effects of salinity and temperature on species distribution, community structure, invasive species, and ecosystem functioning need to be fully assessed to understand impacts from these stressors.

沿海生态系统面临盐碱化和温度升高的问题。盐度和温度会影响沿海外温动物的新陈代谢、耐受性、感染、生长、行为和生存。总之,需要全面评估盐度和温度对物种分布、群落结构、入侵物种和生态系统功能的综合影响,以了解这些压力因素的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Improving beach natural debris management for biodiversity conservation. 改善海滩天然碎片管理,保护生物多样性。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.012
Miguel Ángel Gómez-Serrano

Natural debris deposited by the sea is essential for the functioning of the beach ecosystem. As tourist demands on the coast grow, aesthetic values become more important, and the indiscriminate cleaning of debris spreads from urban to natural beaches. A change in beach debris management is needed to ensure that organic debris plays its role where the sea has deposited it.

海洋沉积的天然垃圾对海滩生态系统的运作至关重要。随着游客对海岸的需求日益增长,美学价值变得更加重要,不加区分地清理垃圾的做法从城市海滩蔓延到了天然海滩。需要改变海滩废弃物的管理方式,以确保有机废弃物在海洋沉积的地方发挥其作用。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying elemental diversity to study landscape ecosystem function. 量化元素多样性,研究景观生态系统功能。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.007
Anne M McLeod, Shawn Leroux, Chelsea L Little, François Massol, Eric Vander Wal, Yolanda F Wiersma, Isabelle Gounand, Nicolas Loeuille, Eric Harvey

The movement, distribution, and relative proportions of essential elements across the landscape should influence the structure and functioning of biological communities. Yet, our basic understanding of the spatial distribution of elements, particularly bioavailable elements, across landscapes is limited. Here, we propose a quantitative framework to study the causes and consequences of spatial patterns of elements. Specifically, we integrate distribution models, dissimilarity metrics, and spatial smoothing to predict how the distribution of bioavailable elements changes with spatial extent. Our community and landscape ecology perspective on elemental diversity highlights the characteristic relationships that emerge among elements in landscapes and that can be measured empirically to help us pinpoint ecosystem control points. This step forward provides a mechanistic link between community and ecosystem processes.

基本要素在整个景观中的移动、分布和相对比例应该会影响生物群落的结构和功能。然而,我们对元素(尤其是生物可利用元素)在景观中的空间分布的基本认识还很有限。在此,我们提出了一个定量框架来研究元素空间模式的原因和后果。具体来说,我们将分布模型、差异度量和空间平滑结合起来,预测生物可利用元素的分布如何随着空间范围的变化而变化。我们从群落和景观生态学的角度来看待元素多样性,强调了景观中元素之间出现的特征关系,这些关系可以通过实证测量来帮助我们确定生态系统控制点。这一步提供了群落和生态系统过程之间的机理联系。
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引用次数: 0
Does warming erode network stability and ecosystem multifunctionality? 气候变暖是否会削弱网络的稳定性和生态系统的多功能性?
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.006
Andrew D Barnes, Julie R Deslippe, Anton M Potapov, Adriana L Romero-Olivares, Louis A Schipper, Charlotte J Alster

Environmental warming is thought to alter food web stability and functioning, but whether warming reduces food web resistance and resilience to further climatic events remains surprisingly unexplored. Warming experiments that superimpose acute disturbances are urgently needed to understand how extreme events further threaten the stability and multifunctionality of ecological networks.

环境变暖被认为会改变食物网的稳定性和功能,但变暖是否会降低食物网对进一步气候事件的抵抗力和复原力,却仍未得到令人惊讶的探索。为了了解极端事件如何进一步威胁生态网络的稳定性和多功能性,迫切需要进行叠加急性干扰的变暖实验。
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引用次数: 0
Woven languages: understanding Indigenous socioecological systems. 编织语言:了解土著社会生态系统。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.004
Priscilla M Wehi, Hēmi Whaanga, Tom Roa, Murray P Cox

Language connects cultural and biological diversity and can contribute to both big data and localised approaches to improve conservation. Analysing Indigenous languages at regional level supports understanding of local ecologies and cultural revitalisation. Collated linguistic datasets can help to identify large-scale patterns, including extinctions, and forge robust multidisciplinary approaches to biocultural decision-making.

语言将文化多样性和生物多样性联系在一起,有助于利用大数据和本地化方法改善保护工作。在地区层面分析土著语言有助于了解当地生态和文化振兴。经过整理的语言数据集有助于识别大规模模式(包括物种灭绝),并为生物文化决策提供强有力的多学科方法。
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引用次数: 0
Trade-offs in soil microbial functions and soil health in agroecosystems. 农业生态系统中土壤微生物功能和土壤健康的权衡。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.013
Chenguang Gao, Thiemo Martijn Bezemer, Franciska T de Vries, Peter M van Bodegom

Soil microbial communities play pivotal roles in maintaining soil health in agroecosystems. However, how the delivery of multiple microbial functions in agroecosystems is maintained remains poorly understood. This may put us at risk of incurring unexpected trade-offs between soil functions. We elucidate how interactions between soil microbes can lead to trade-offs in the functioning of agricultural soils. Interactions within soil microbial communities can result in not only positive but also neutral and negative relationships among soil functions. Altering soil conditions through soil health-improving agricultural management can alleviate these functional trade-offs by promoting the diversity and interrelationships of soil microbes, which can help to achieve more productive and sustainable agroecosystems.

土壤微生物群落在维持农业生态系统的土壤健康方面发挥着关键作用。然而,人们对如何维持农业生态系统中微生物的多种功能仍然知之甚少。这可能会使我们面临在土壤功能之间进行意想不到的权衡的风险。我们阐明了土壤微生物之间的相互作用如何导致农业土壤功能的权衡。土壤微生物群落内部的相互作用不仅会导致土壤功能之间的正向关系,也会导致中性和负向关系。通过改善土壤健康的农业管理来改变土壤条件,可以通过促进土壤微生物的多样性和相互关系来缓解这些功能权衡,从而有助于实现更高产、更可持续的农业生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
Individual identification in acoustic recordings. 声学录音中的个体识别。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.007
Elly Knight, Tessa Rhinehart, Devin R de Zwaan, Matthew J Weldy, Mark Cartwright, Scott H Hawley, Jeffery L Larkin, Damon Lesmeister, Erin Bayne, Justin Kitzes

Recent advances in bioacoustics combined with acoustic individual identification (AIID) could open frontiers for ecological and evolutionary research because traditional methods of identifying individuals are invasive, expensive, labor-intensive, and potentially biased. Despite overwhelming evidence that most taxa have individual acoustic signatures, the application of AIID remains challenging and uncommon. Furthermore, the methods most commonly used for AIID are not compatible with many potential AIID applications. Deep learning in adjacent disciplines suggests opportunities to advance AIID, but such progress is limited by training data. We suggest that broadscale implementation of AIID is achievable, but researchers should prioritize methods that maximize the potential applications of AIID, and develop case studies with easy taxa at smaller spatiotemporal scales before progressing to more difficult scenarios.

生物声学结合声学个体识别(AIID)的最新进展可以为生态和进化研究开辟新的领域,因为传统的个体识别方法具有侵入性、昂贵、劳动密集型和潜在的偏差。尽管有大量证据表明大多数类群都有个体声学特征,但 AIID 的应用仍然具有挑战性,而且并不常见。此外,最常用的 AIID 方法与许多潜在的 AIID 应用并不兼容。相邻学科的深度学习为推进人工智能识别提供了机会,但这种进展受到训练数据的限制。我们认为,AIID的大规模应用是可以实现的,但研究人员应优先考虑能最大限度发挥AIID潜在应用的方法,并在较小的时空尺度上开展简单类群的案例研究,然后再进入更困难的场景。
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引用次数: 0
The overlooked biodiversity loss. 被忽视的生物多样性损失。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.001
Morten T Limborg, Caroline S Winther-Have, Naia Morueta-Holme, M Thomas P Gilbert, Jacob A Rasmussen

As most life-forms exist as holobionts, reduction of host-level biodiversity drives parallel habitat losses to their host-adapted microorganisms. The holobiont concept helps us to understand how species are habitats for - often ignored - coevolved microorganisms also worthy of conservation. Indeed, loss of host-associated microbial biodiversity may accelerate the extinction risks of their host.

由于大多数生命形式是以整体生物形式存在的,宿主生物多样性的减少会导致与宿主相适应的微生物的栖息地也随之丧失。全生物体概念有助于我们理解物种如何成为同样值得保护的共同进化微生物的栖息地--这些微生物往往被忽视。事实上,宿主相关微生物生物多样性的丧失可能会加速宿主灭绝的风险。
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Trends in ecology & evolution
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