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Water provisioning shapes carnivore community structure. 水的供给塑造了食肉动物的群落结构。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.001
Michael J Somers, Michele Walters

Water provisioning is common in arid and semi-arid African ecosystems, but its effects on carnivore communities are not understood. Recently, Morin et al. documented the unexpectedly contrasting space-use patterns of dominant and subordinate carnivores around water sources, with dominant carnivores facilitating subordinate carnivores.

水源供给在非洲干旱和半干旱生态系统中很常见,但其对食肉动物群落的影响尚不清楚。最近,Morin 等人记录了水源周围优势食肉动物和劣势食肉动物出人意料的空间利用模式对比,优势食肉动物为劣势食肉动物提供了便利。
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引用次数: 0
Describing functional diversity of communities from environmental DNA. 从环境 DNA 描述群落的功能多样性。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.007
Isabel Cantera, Simone Giachello, Tamara Münkemüller, Marco Caccianiga, Mauro Gobbi, Gianalberto Losapio, Silvio Marta, Barbara Valle, Krzysztof Zawierucha, Wilfried Thuiller, Gentile Francesco Ficetola

Comprehensive assessments of functional diversity are needed to understand ecosystem alterations under global changes. The 'Fun-eDNA' approach characterises functional diversity by assigning traits to taxonomic units obtained through environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. By simultaneously analysing an unprecedented number of taxa over broad spatial scales, the approach provides a whole-ecosystem perspective of functional diversity. Fun-eDNA is increasingly used to tackle multiple questions, but aligning eDNA with traits poses several conceptual and technical challenges. Enhancing trait databases, improving the annotation of eDNA-based taxonomic inventories, interdisciplinary collaboration, and conceptual harmonisation of traits are key steps to achieve a comprehensive assessment of diverse taxa. Overcoming these challenges can unlock the full potential of eDNA in leveraging measures of ecosystem functions from multi-taxa assessments.

要了解全球变化下生态系统的变化,需要对功能多样性进行全面评估。Fun-eDNA "方法通过为环境DNA(eDNA)取样获得的分类单元分配特征来描述功能多样性。通过在广泛的空间范围内同时分析数量空前的分类群,该方法提供了功能多样性的全生态系统视角。有趣的 eDNA 越来越多地被用于解决多个问题,但将 eDNA 与性状进行比对在概念和技术上都提出了一些挑战。加强性状数据库、改进基于 eDNA 的分类清单注释、跨学科合作以及性状的概念统一是实现对不同类群进行全面评估的关键步骤。克服这些挑战可以充分释放 eDNA 的潜力,利用多类群评估来衡量生态系统功能。
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引用次数: 0
Mind the lag: understanding genetic extinction debt for conservation. 注意滞后性:了解基因灭绝债务以保护环境。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.008
Roberta Gargiulo, Katharina B Budde, Myriam Heuertz

The delay between disturbance events and genetic responses within populations is a common but surprisingly overlooked phenomenon in ecology and evolutionary and conservation genetics. If not accounted for when interpreting genetic data, this time lag problem can lead to erroneous conservation assessments. We (i) identify life-history traits related to longevity and reproductive strategies as the main determinants of time lags, (ii) evaluate potential confounding factors affecting genetic parameters during time lags, and (iii) propose approaches that allow controlling for time lags. Considering the current unprecedented rate of loss of genetic diversity and adaptive potential, we expect our novel interpretive and methodological framework for time lags to stimulate further research and discussion on the most appropriate approaches to analyse genetic diversity for conservation.

在生态学、进化遗传学和保护遗传学中,干扰事件与种群内部遗传反应之间的延迟是一个常见的现象,但却令人惊讶地忽视了这一现象。如果在解释遗传数据时没有考虑到这一时间滞后问题,可能会导致错误的保护评估。我们(i)将与寿命和繁殖策略相关的生命史特征确定为时滞的主要决定因素,(ii)评估时滞期间影响遗传参数的潜在混杂因素,(iii)提出可以控制时滞的方法。考虑到目前遗传多样性和适应潜力的丧失速度前所未有,我们期望我们新颖的时滞解释和方法框架能激发进一步的研究和讨论,探讨最合适的遗传多样性保护分析方法。
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引用次数: 0
Heat-tolerant corals thrive outside ocean hotspots. 耐热珊瑚在海洋热点以外地区生长旺盛。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.009
Amanda E Bates

Hotspots - sites with high temperatures - are expected to favor heat-tolerant organisms. Lachs et al. tested this assumption with Palau corals. Surprisingly, heat-tolerant individuals originated in both hotspots and cool refugia, with energy reserves giving a tolerance boost. Protecting ecological networks across environmental gradients can maintain high thermal trait diversity.

热点--温度较高的地点--预计有利于耐热生物。Lachs 等人用帕劳珊瑚检验了这一假设。令人惊讶的是,耐热个体既起源于热点地区,也起源于凉爽的避难所,能量储备提高了耐热性。保护跨环境梯度的生态网络可以维持高热性状多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Removing institutional barriers to long-term fieldwork is critical for advancing ecology. 消除长期野外工作的体制障碍对于推动生态学发展至关重要。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.003
Kasim Rafiq, Neil R Jordan, J Weldon McNutt, John Neelo, Nina Attias, Dee Boersma, Meredith S Palmer, Jennifer Ruesink, Briana Abrahms

Long-term fieldwork is essential for ecology and conservation, but is hindered by institutional barriers, such as the publish-or-perish culture of academia, and funding limitations. Here, we discuss these challenges and propose strategies to overcome them, such as broadening evaluation metrics and supporting inclusivity, to advance scientific insight and societal equity.

长期的野外工作对于生态学和自然保护至关重要,但却受到制度性障碍的阻碍,例如学术界 "不发表就等死 "的文化和资金限制。在此,我们将讨论这些挑战,并提出克服挑战的策略,如扩大评估指标和支持包容性,以提高科学洞察力和社会公平性。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding human-commensalism through an ecological and evolutionary framework. 通过生态学和进化论框架理解人类互利主义。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.006
Ruth Fawthrop, José Cerca, George Pacheco, Glenn-Peter Sætre, Elizabeth S C Scordato, Mark Ravinet, Melissah Rowe

Human-commensalism has been intuitively characterised as an interspecific interaction whereby non-human individuals benefit from tight associations with anthropogenic environments. However, a clear definition of human-commensalism, rooted within an ecological and evolutionary framework, has yet to be proposed. Here, we define human-commensalism as a population-level dependence on anthropogenic resources, associated with genetic differentiation from the ancestral, non-commensal form. Such a definition helps us to understand the origins of human-commensalism and the pace and form of adaptation to anthropogenic niches, and may enable the prediction of future evolution in an increasingly human-modified world. Our discussion encourages greater consideration of the spatial and temporal complexity in anthropogenic niches, promoting a nuanced consideration of human-commensal populations when formulating research questions.

人类共生被直观地描述为一种种间互动,非人类个体从与人类活动环境的紧密联系中获益。然而,目前还没有人在生态学和进化论框架内提出人类共生的明确定义。在此,我们将人类共生定义为种群对人类活动资源的依赖,并与祖先非共生形式的遗传分化相关联。这样的定义有助于我们理解人类共生的起源以及适应人类活动壁龛的速度和形式,并能预测在日益被人类改造的世界中未来的进化。我们的讨论鼓励更多地考虑人为生态位的空间和时间复杂性,促进在提出研究问题时对人类共生种群进行细致入微的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Toward harnessing biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in fungi. 利用真菌的生物多样性-生态系统功能关系。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.004
Kadri Runnel, Leho Tedersoo, Franz-Sebastian Krah, Meike Piepenbring, J F Scheepens, Henner Hollert, Sarah Johann, Nele Meyer, Claus Bässler

Fungi are crucial for terrestrial ecosystems, yet the role of fungal diversity in ecosystem functions remains unclear. We synthesize fungal biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, focusing on plant biomass production, carbon storage, decomposition, and pathogen or parasite resistance. The observed BEF relationships for these ecosystem functions vary in strength and direction, complicating generalizations. Strong positive relationships are generally observed when multiple ecosystem functions are addressed simultaneously. Often, fungal community composition outperforms species richness in predicting ecosystem functions. For more comprehensive fungal BEF research, we recommend studying natural communities, considering the simultaneous functions of a broader array of fungal guilds across spatiotemporal scales, and integrating community assembly concepts into BEF research. For this, we propose a conceptual framework and testable hypotheses.

真菌对陆地生态系统至关重要,但真菌多样性在生态系统功能中的作用仍不清楚。我们总结了真菌生物多样性与生态系统功能(BEF)的关系,重点关注植物生物量生产、碳储存、分解以及病原体或寄生虫抗性。所观察到的这些生态系统功能的 BEF 关系在强度和方向上各不相同,使归纳变得复杂。当同时涉及多种生态系统功能时,通常会观察到较强的正相关关系。在预测生态系统功能方面,真菌群落组成往往优于物种丰富度。为了进行更全面的真菌 BEF 研究,我们建议研究自然群落,考虑更广泛的真菌行业在不同时空尺度上的同时功能,并将群落组合概念纳入 BEF 研究。为此,我们提出了一个概念框架和可检验的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Fragmentation in patchy ecosystems: a call for a functional approach. 成片生态系统的破碎化:呼吁采用功能性方法。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.004
Lorena M Benitez, Catherine L Parr, Mahesh Sankaran, Casey M Ryan

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to biodiversity, but existing literature largely ignores naturally patchy ecosystems in favor of forests, where deforestation creates spatially distinct fragments. Here, we use savannas to highlight the problems with applying forest fragmentation principles to spatially patchy ecosystems. Identifying fragmentation using landscape functionality, specifically connectivity, enables better understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Tools and concepts from connectivity research are well suited to identifying barriers other than vegetation structure contributing to fragmentation. Opportunities exist to improve fragmentation mapping by combining remote-sensing data with field measurements related to connectivity to empirically test whether landscapes are functionally fragmented. Advancements in deep learning and increasingly accessible data open many possibilities for comprehensive maps of fragmentation.

生境破碎化是生物多样性面临的一个主要威胁,但现有文献大多忽略了自然成片的生态系统,而偏爱森林,因为森林砍伐会造成空间上截然不同的破碎。在这里,我们利用热带稀树草原来强调将森林破碎化原理应用于空间上成片的生态系统所存在的问题。利用景观功能(特别是连通性)识别破碎化,可以更好地了解生态系统动态。连通性研究中的工具和概念非常适合用于识别植被结构以外导致破碎化的障碍。通过将遥感数据与与连通性相关的实地测量相结合,以实证方法检验景观是否在功能上支离破碎,从而改进支离破碎绘图的机会是存在的。深度学习的进步和越来越容易获取的数据为绘制全面的破碎化地图提供了多种可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Scaling-up ecological understanding with remote sensing and causal inference. 利用遥感和因果推理扩大对生态的了解。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.006
Elisa Van Cleemput, Peter B Adler, Katharine Nash Suding, Alanna Jane Rebelo, Benjamin Poulter, Laura E Dee

Decades of empirical ecological research have focused on understanding ecological dynamics at local scales. Remote sensing products can help to scale-up ecological understanding to support management actions that need to be implemented across large spatial extents. This new avenue for remote sensing applications requires careful consideration of sources of potential bias that can lead to spurious causal relationships. We propose that causal inference techniques can help to mitigate biases arising from confounding variables and measurement errors that are inherent in remote sensing products. Adopting these statistical techniques will require interdisciplinary collaborations between local ecologists, remote sensing specialists, and experts in causal inference. The insights from integrating 'big' observational data from remote sensing with causal inference could be essential for bridging biodiversity science and conservation.

数十年来,经验性生态研究一直侧重于了解局部范围的生态动态。遥感产品有助于扩大对生态的了解,为需要在大范围空间实施的管理行动提供支持。遥感应用的这一新途径需要仔细考虑可能导致虚假因果关系的潜在偏差来源。我们建议,因果推理技术可以帮助减轻遥感产品中固有的混杂变量和测量误差造成的偏差。采用这些统计技术需要当地生态学家、遥感专家和因果推断专家之间的跨学科合作。将来自遥感的 "大 "观测数据与因果推理相结合所产生的见解,对于连接生物多样性科学与保护至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Peer review bullying threatens diversity, equity, and inclusion. 同行评审欺凌威胁着多样性、公平性和包容性。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.001
Farid Saleh

Bullying during the peer review process is an overlooked form of academic bullying. Measures to limit its negative impact are insufficient, necessitating new initiatives to protect individuals and the integrity of science. If unaddressed, peer review bullying will undermine diversity, equity, and inclusion, particularly harming early-career researchers and minorities.

同行评审过程中的欺凌是一种被忽视的学术欺凌形式。限制其负面影响的措施还不够充分,因此有必要采取新的措施来保护个人和科学的完整性。如果不加以解决,同行评审中的欺凌行为将破坏多样性、公平性和包容性,尤其是对早期职业研究人员和少数群体造成伤害。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Trends in ecology & evolution
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