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Sex-specific variation in species interactions matters in ecological communities. 生态群落中物种相互作用的性别差异很重要。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.006
Elena Gissi, Maurice Codespoti Goodman, Robin Elahi, Jamie M McDevitt-Irwin, Natalie S Arnoldi, Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, Christopher J Knight, Carolina Olguín-Jacobson, Melissa Palmisciano, Ceyenna M Tillman, Giulio A De Leo, Fiorenza Micheli

Understanding how natural communities and ecosystems are structured and respond to anthropogenic pressures in a rapidly changing world is key to successful management and conservation. A fundamental but often overlooked biological characteristic of organisms is sex. Sex-based responses are often considered when conducting studies at organismal and population levels, but are rarely investigated in community ecology. Focusing on kelp forests as a model system, and through a review of other marine and terrestrial ecosystems, we found evidence of widespread sex-based variation in species interactions. Sex-based variation in species interactions is expected to affect ecosystem structure and functioning via multiple trophic and nontrophic pathways. Understanding the drivers and consequences of sex-based variation in species interactions can inform more effective management and restoration.

在瞬息万变的世界中,了解自然群落和生态系统的结构以及如何应对人为压力是成功管理和保护的关键。生物的一个基本生物特征是性别,但却经常被忽视。在进行生物体和种群水平的研究时,通常会考虑基于性别的反应,但在群落生态学中却很少进行研究。以海藻林为模型系统,并通过对其他海洋和陆地生态系统的研究,我们发现了物种相互作用中广泛存在基于性别的变异的证据。物种相互作用中的性别差异预计会通过多种营养和非营养途径影响生态系统结构和功能。了解物种相互作用的性别差异的驱动因素和后果,可以为更有效的管理和恢复提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Animals in restoration to achieve climate biodiversity targets. 修复动物,实现气候生物多样性目标。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.011
Carolina Bello, Daisy H Dent, Thomas W Crowther

By recognizing the role of animals as restoration drivers, we have a unique opportunity to combine climate and biodiversity policy frameworks and meet targets synergistically. About 25% of forest restoration projects could benefit from animals contributing to both frameworks. In 50% of projects, active actions are needed to improve outcomes.

认识到动物作为恢复动力的作用,我们就有了一个独特的机会,可以将气候和生物多样性政策框架结合起来,协同实现目标。约 25% 的森林恢复项目可从动物对这两个框架的贡献中获益。在 50% 的项目中,需要采取积极行动来改善成果。
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引用次数: 0
Pollinator cognition and the function of complex rewards. 授粉者的认知和复杂奖励的功能。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.008
Claire T Hemingway, Anne S Leonard, Fiona Tiley MacNeill, Smruti Pimplikar, Felicity Muth

The cognitive ecology of pollination is most often studied using simple rewards, yet flowers often contain multiple types of chemically complex rewards, each varying along multiple dimensions of quality. In this review we highlight ways in which reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition, demonstrating the need to consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant-pollinator interactions. We show that pollinators' reward preferences can be modulated by reward chemistry and the collection of multiple reward types. We also discuss how reward complexity can mediate pollinator learning through a variety of mechanisms, both with and without reward preference being altered. Finally, we show how an understanding of decision-making strategies is necessary to predict how pollinators' evaluation of reward options depends on the other options available.

授粉的认知生态学最常使用简单奖励进行研究,然而花朵通常包含多种类型的复杂化学奖励,每种奖励的质量都有多个维度的差异。在这篇综述中,我们强调了奖励的复杂性影响传粉昆虫认知的方式,表明有必要考虑生态学上现实的奖励,以充分了解植物与传粉昆虫之间的相互作用。我们表明,传粉昆虫的奖励偏好可受奖励化学成分和多种奖励类型的调节。我们还讨论了奖赏的复杂性如何通过各种机制来调解传粉昆虫的学习,无论奖赏偏好是否发生改变。最后,我们展示了对决策策略的理解对于预测授粉昆虫对奖励选项的评估如何取决于其他可用选项是多么必要。
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引用次数: 0
Positive interactions and interdependence in communities. 社区中的积极互动和相互依存。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.003
Mark D Bertness, Lohengrin A Cavieres, C J Lortie, Ragan M Callaway

Facilitative interactions play crucial roles in community organization, and the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) provides a simple conceptual framework for the context-dependency of competitive and facilitative interactions. The idea is that positive interactions are more common under high physical and consumer stress, where species benefit from stress-tolerant neighbors, than in benign environments. We explore insights from the SGH into ecological generality, niche theory, community assembly, and diversity effects on ecosystem function and discuss how the SGH can inform our understanding of rapid evolution, mutualisms, exotic invasions, and facilitation cascades. We suggest that, with escalating global stresses, the SGH may provide a conceptual template for an interdependent perspective in ecology that can contribute to conservation and restoration efforts.

促进性相互作用在群落组织中起着至关重要的作用,压力梯度假说(SGH)为竞争性和促进性相互作用的环境依赖性提供了一个简单的概念框架。该假说的观点是,在高物理压力和高消费压力下,良性互动比在良性环境中更常见,因为在高物理压力和高消费压力下,物种能从耐压的邻居那里获益。我们探讨了 SGH 对生态一般性、生态位理论、群落组合和多样性对生态系统功能影响的见解,并讨论了 SGH 如何帮助我们理解快速进化、互惠关系、外来入侵和促进级联。我们认为,随着全球压力的不断增加,SGH 可以为生态学中的相互依存观点提供一个概念模型,从而有助于保护和恢复工作。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological debts induced by heat extremes. 极端高温引发的生态负债。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.002
Gerard Martínez-De León, Madhav P Thakur

Heat extremes have become the new norm in the Anthropocene. Their potential to trigger major ecological responses is widely acknowledged, but their unprecedented severity hinders our ability to predict the magnitude of such responses, both during and after extreme heat events. To address this challenge we propose a conceptual framework inspired by the core concepts of ecological stability and thermal biology to depict how responses of populations and communities accumulate at three response stages (exposure, resistance, and recovery). Biological mechanisms mitigating responses at a given stage incur associated costs that only become apparent at other response stages; these are known as 'ecological debts'. We outline several scenarios for how ecological responses associate with debts to better understand biodiversity changes caused by heat extremes.

极端高温已成为人类世的新常态。它们引发重大生态响应的潜力已得到广泛认可,但其前所未有的严重性阻碍了我们预测极端热事件期间和之后的响应程度的能力。为了应对这一挑战,我们受生态稳定性和热生物学核心概念的启发,提出了一个概念框架,以描述种群和群落的响应如何在三个响应阶段(暴露、抵抗和恢复)累积。在特定阶段减轻反应的生物机制会产生相关成本,而这些成本只有在其他反应阶段才会显现出来;这些成本被称为 "生态债务"。我们概述了生态响应如何与债务相关联的几种情况,以便更好地理解极端高温引起的生物多样性变化。
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引用次数: 0
An audacious approach to conservation. 大胆的保护方法
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.003
Robert M Ewers

New digital and sensor technology provides a huge opportunity to revolutionise conservation, but we lack a plan for deploying the technologies effectively. I argue that environmental research should be concentrated at a small number of 'super-sites' and that the concentrated knowledge from super-sites should be used to develop holistic ecosystem models. These, in turn, should be morphed into digital twin ecosystems by live connecting them with automated environmental monitoring programmes. Data-driven simulations can then help select pathways to achieve locally determined conservation goals, and digital twins could revise and adapt those decisions in real-time. This technology-heavy vision for 'smart conservation' provides a map toward a future defined by more flexible, more responsive, and more efficient management of natural environments.

新的数字和传感器技术为保护工作带来了巨大的变革机会,但我们缺乏有效部署这些技术的计划。我认为,环境研究应集中在少数 "超级站点",超级站点的集中知识应用于开发整体生态系统模型。反过来,应将这些模型与自动环境监测计划实时连接,使其成为数字孪生生态系统。然后,数据驱动的模拟可以帮助选择实现当地确定的保护目标的途径,数字孪生可以实时修改和调整这些决策。这一技术含量极高的 "智能保护 "愿景为我们提供了一张通往未来的地图,未来的自然环境管理将更加灵活、反应更加迅速、效率更高。
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引用次数: 0
Why ecologists struggle to predict coexistence from functional traits. 生态学家为何难以从功能特征预测共存性?
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.002
Jacob I Levine, Ruby An, Nathan J B Kraft, Stephen W Pacala, Jonathan M Levine

The rationale behind trait-based ecology is that shifting focus from species' taxonomic names to their measurable characteristics ('functional traits') leads to greater generality and predictive power. This idea has been applied to one of ecology's most intractable problems: the coexistence of competing species. But after 20 years, we lack clear evidence that functional traits effectively predict coexistence. Here, we present a theory-based argument for why this might be the case. Specifically, we argue that coexistence often depends on special quantities called 'process-informed metrics' (PIMs), which combine multiple traits and demographic characteristics in non-intuitive ways, obscuring any direct ties between individual traits and coexistence. We then lay a path forward for trait-based coexistence research that builds on mechanistic models of competition.

基于性状的生态学的基本原理是,将重点从物种的分类学名称转移到其可测量的特征("功能性状")上,从而获得更大的通用性和预测能力。这一理念已被应用于生态学最棘手的问题之一:竞争物种的共存。但是 20 年过去了,我们仍然缺乏明确的证据来证明功能特质可以有效预测物种共存。在这里,我们提出了一个基于理论的论点,说明为什么会出现这种情况。具体来说,我们认为共存往往取决于被称为 "过程信息度量"(PIMs)的特殊量,这些量以非直观的方式结合了多种性状和人口特征,从而掩盖了单个性状与共存之间的任何直接联系。因此,我们将在竞争机理模型的基础上,为基于性状的共存研究铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
The biological relevance of 'me': body awareness in animals. 我 "的生物学意义:动物的身体意识。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.10.001
Petra Dobos, Péter Pongrácz

Applying human concepts of self-awareness to animals often lacks anchoring in biologically meaningful contexts. We advocate a new, modular framework of self-representation, including body-awareness, which helps an individual to negotiate physical obstacles. We emphasize the importance of ecologically valid approaches that allow adaptivity-based hypotheses and discussion about self-representation.

将人类的自我意识概念应用到动物身上,往往缺乏有生物意义的背景。我们主张建立一个新的、模块化的自我表现框架,其中包括身体意识,它可以帮助个体克服身体障碍。我们强调生态学有效方法的重要性,这些方法允许基于适应性的假设和关于自我表现的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Maximizing biological insights from instruments attached to animals. 最大限度地利用附着在动物身上的仪器进行生物学研究。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.009
Roxanne S Beltran, A Marm Kilpatrick, Simona Picardi, Briana Abrahms, Gabriel M Barrile, William K Oestreich, Justine A Smith, Max F Czapanskiy, Arina B Favilla, Ryan R Reisinger, Jessica M Kendall-Bar, Allison R Payne, Matthew S Savoca, Danial G Palance, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Daphne M Shen, Taiki Adachi, Daniel P Costa, Natalie A Storm, Conner M Hale, Patrick W Robinson

Instruments attached to animals ('biologgers') have facilitated extensive discoveries about the patterns, causes, and consequences of animal behavior. Here, we present examples of how biologging can deepen our fundamental understanding of ecosystems and our applied understanding of global change impacts by enabling tests of ecological theory. Applying the iterative process of science to biologging has enabled a diverse set of insights, including social and experiential learning in long-distance migrants, state-dependent risk aversion in foraging predators, and resource abundance driving movement across taxa. Now, biologging is poised to tackle questions and refine ecological theories at increasing levels of complexity by integrating measurements from numerous individuals, merging datasets from multiple species and their environments, and spanning disciplines, including physiology, behavior and demography.

附着在动物身上的仪器("生物探测器")促进了对动物行为模式、原因和后果的广泛发现。在此,我们将举例说明生物记录仪如何通过检验生态理论,加深我们对生态系统的基本认识以及对全球变化影响的应用认识。将科学的迭代过程应用到生物全息技术中,已经获得了一系列不同的见解,包括长途迁徙者的社会和经验学习、觅食捕食者的状态依赖性风险规避,以及资源丰度对不同类群运动的驱动。现在,生物全息技术通过整合来自众多个体的测量数据、合并来自多个物种及其环境的数据集,以及跨越包括生理学、行为学和人口学在内的多个学科,有望在日益复杂的层面上解决各种问题并完善生态理论。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking individual animals can reveal the mechanisms of species loss. 跟踪动物个体可以揭示物种消失的机制。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.008
Scott W Yanco, Christian Rutz, Briana Abrahms, Nathan W Cooper, Peter P Marra, Thomas Mueller, Brian C Weeks, Martin Wikelski, Ruth Y Oliver

As biodiversity loss continues, targeted conservation interventions are increasingly necessary. Stemming species loss requires mechanistic understanding of the processes governing population dynamics. However, this information is unavailable for most animals because it requires data that are difficult to collect using traditional methods. Advances in animal tracking technology have generated an avalanche of high-resolution observations for a growing list of species around the globe. To date, most research using these data has focused on questions about animal behavior, with less emphasis on population processes. Here, we argue that tracking data are uniquely poised to bring powerful new insights to the urgent, global problem of halting species extinctions by revealing when, where, how, and why populations are changing.

随着生物多样性的不断丧失,越来越有必要采取有针对性的保护干预措施。遏制物种减少需要从机制上了解种群动态的过程。然而,大多数动物都无法获得这些信息,因为这需要使用传统方法难以收集的数据。动物追踪技术的进步为全球越来越多的物种提供了高分辨率的观测数据。迄今为止,使用这些数据进行的大多数研究都集中在动物行为问题上,而较少关注种群过程。在这里,我们认为追踪数据具有得天独厚的优势,可以通过揭示种群变化的时间、地点、方式和原因,为阻止物种灭绝这一紧迫的全球性问题带来有力的新见解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Trends in ecology & evolution
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