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A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025. 2025年生物保护问题的地平线扫描。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.002
William J Sutherland, Peter N M Brotherton, Holly M Butterworth, Stewart J Clarke, Tammy E Davies, Nigel Doar, Nafeesa Esmail, Erica Fleishman, Kevin J Gaston, James E Herbert-Read, Alice C Hughes, Jonathan Hughes, Hermanni Kaartokallio, Lian Pin Koh, Ritesh Kumar, Fiona A Lickorish, Hannah Littler, James E Palardy, James W Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S Peck, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jules Pretty, Irene R Schloss, Mark D Spalding, Dirk Ten Brink, Eleanor R Tew, Anastasiya Timoshyna, Nicolas Tubbs, James E M Watson, Jonathan Wentworth, Jeremy D Wilson, Ann Thornton

We discuss the outcomes of our 16th horizon scan of issues that are novel or represent a considerable step-change and have the potential to substantially affect conservation of biological diversity in the coming decade. From an initial 96 topics, our international panel of 32 scientists and practitioners prioritised 15 issues. Technological advances are prominent, including metal and non-metal organic frameworks, deriving rare earth elements from macroalgae, synthetic gene drives in plants, and low-emission cement. We include new insights into accelerated impacts of changes to Antarctic ice masses and air and water quality. We hope that anticipating and mitigating negative impacts, and making best use of new opportunities related to these issues, will contribute to better outcomes for biological diversity.

我们讨论了我们的第16次地平线扫描的结果,这些问题是新颖的或代表了相当大的变化,并有可能在未来十年对生物多样性保护产生重大影响。从最初的96个主题中,我们的32位科学家和从业者组成的国际小组优先考虑了15个问题。技术进步突出,包括金属和非金属有机框架,从大型藻类中提取稀土元素,植物合成基因驱动和低排放水泥。我们包括了对南极冰块、空气和水质变化加速影响的新见解。我们希望,预测和减轻负面影响,并充分利用与这些问题有关的新机会,将有助于更好地保护生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying elemental diversity to study landscape ecosystem function. 量化元素多样性,研究景观生态系统功能。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.007
Anne M McLeod, Shawn Leroux, Chelsea L Little, François Massol, Eric Vander Wal, Yolanda F Wiersma, Isabelle Gounand, Nicolas Loeuille, Eric Harvey

The movement, distribution, and relative proportions of essential elements across the landscape should influence the structure and functioning of biological communities. Yet, our basic understanding of the spatial distribution of elements, particularly bioavailable elements, across landscapes is limited. Here, we propose a quantitative framework to study the causes and consequences of spatial patterns of elements. Specifically, we integrate distribution models, dissimilarity metrics, and spatial smoothing to predict how the distribution of bioavailable elements changes with spatial extent. Our community and landscape ecology perspective on elemental diversity highlights the characteristic relationships that emerge among elements in landscapes and that can be measured empirically to help us pinpoint ecosystem control points. This step forward provides a mechanistic link between community and ecosystem processes.

基本要素在整个景观中的移动、分布和相对比例应该会影响生物群落的结构和功能。然而,我们对元素(尤其是生物可利用元素)在景观中的空间分布的基本认识还很有限。在此,我们提出了一个定量框架来研究元素空间模式的原因和后果。具体来说,我们将分布模型、差异度量和空间平滑结合起来,预测生物可利用元素的分布如何随着空间范围的变化而变化。我们从群落和景观生态学的角度来看待元素多样性,强调了景观中元素之间出现的特征关系,这些关系可以通过实证测量来帮助我们确定生态系统控制点。这一步提供了群落和生态系统过程之间的机理联系。
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引用次数: 0
Disability in ecology and evolution. 生态和进化中的残疾。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.010
John R Hutchinson, Daniel L Rabosky
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引用次数: 0
Fragmentation in patchy ecosystems: a call for a functional approach. 成片生态系统的破碎化:呼吁采用功能性方法。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.004
Lorena M Benitez, Catherine L Parr, Mahesh Sankaran, Casey M Ryan

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to biodiversity, but existing literature largely ignores naturally patchy ecosystems in favor of forests, where deforestation creates spatially distinct fragments. Here, we use savannas to highlight the problems with applying forest fragmentation principles to spatially patchy ecosystems. Identifying fragmentation using landscape functionality, specifically connectivity, enables better understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Tools and concepts from connectivity research are well suited to identifying barriers other than vegetation structure contributing to fragmentation. Opportunities exist to improve fragmentation mapping by combining remote-sensing data with field measurements related to connectivity to empirically test whether landscapes are functionally fragmented. Advancements in deep learning and increasingly accessible data open many possibilities for comprehensive maps of fragmentation.

生境破碎化是生物多样性面临的一个主要威胁,但现有文献大多忽略了自然成片的生态系统,而偏爱森林,因为森林砍伐会造成空间上截然不同的破碎。在这里,我们利用热带稀树草原来强调将森林破碎化原理应用于空间上成片的生态系统所存在的问题。利用景观功能(特别是连通性)识别破碎化,可以更好地了解生态系统动态。连通性研究中的工具和概念非常适合用于识别植被结构以外导致破碎化的障碍。通过将遥感数据与与连通性相关的实地测量相结合,以实证方法检验景观是否在功能上支离破碎,从而改进支离破碎绘图的机会是存在的。深度学习的进步和越来越容易获取的数据为绘制全面的破碎化地图提供了多种可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Maximizing biological insights from instruments attached to animals. 最大限度地利用附着在动物身上的仪器进行生物学研究。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.009
Roxanne S Beltran, A Marm Kilpatrick, Simona Picardi, Briana Abrahms, Gabriel M Barrile, William K Oestreich, Justine A Smith, Max F Czapanskiy, Arina B Favilla, Ryan R Reisinger, Jessica M Kendall-Bar, Allison R Payne, Matthew S Savoca, Danial G Palance, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Daphne M Shen, Taiki Adachi, Daniel P Costa, Natalie A Storm, Conner M Hale, Patrick W Robinson

Instruments attached to animals ('biologgers') have facilitated extensive discoveries about the patterns, causes, and consequences of animal behavior. Here, we present examples of how biologging can deepen our fundamental understanding of ecosystems and our applied understanding of global change impacts by enabling tests of ecological theory. Applying the iterative process of science to biologging has enabled a diverse set of insights, including social and experiential learning in long-distance migrants, state-dependent risk aversion in foraging predators, and resource abundance driving movement across taxa. Now, biologging is poised to tackle questions and refine ecological theories at increasing levels of complexity by integrating measurements from numerous individuals, merging datasets from multiple species and their environments, and spanning disciplines, including physiology, behavior and demography.

附着在动物身上的仪器("生物探测器")促进了对动物行为模式、原因和后果的广泛发现。在此,我们将举例说明生物记录仪如何通过检验生态理论,加深我们对生态系统的基本认识以及对全球变化影响的应用认识。将科学的迭代过程应用到生物全息技术中,已经获得了一系列不同的见解,包括长途迁徙者的社会和经验学习、觅食捕食者的状态依赖性风险规避,以及资源丰度对不同类群运动的驱动。现在,生物全息技术通过整合来自众多个体的测量数据、合并来自多个物种及其环境的数据集,以及跨越包括生理学、行为学和人口学在内的多个学科,有望在日益复杂的层面上解决各种问题并完善生态理论。
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引用次数: 0
Disability in ecology & evolutionary biology. 生态学和进化生物学中的残疾。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.12.003
Andrea E A Stephens
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引用次数: 0
Tracking individual animals can reveal the mechanisms of species loss. 跟踪动物个体可以揭示物种消失的机制。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.008
Scott W Yanco, Christian Rutz, Briana Abrahms, Nathan W Cooper, Peter P Marra, Thomas Mueller, Brian C Weeks, Martin Wikelski, Ruth Y Oliver

As biodiversity loss continues, targeted conservation interventions are increasingly necessary. Stemming species loss requires mechanistic understanding of the processes governing population dynamics. However, this information is unavailable for most animals because it requires data that are difficult to collect using traditional methods. Advances in animal tracking technology have generated an avalanche of high-resolution observations for a growing list of species around the globe. To date, most research using these data has focused on questions about animal behavior, with less emphasis on population processes. Here, we argue that tracking data are uniquely poised to bring powerful new insights to the urgent, global problem of halting species extinctions by revealing when, where, how, and why populations are changing.

随着生物多样性的不断丧失,越来越有必要采取有针对性的保护干预措施。遏制物种减少需要从机制上了解种群动态的过程。然而,大多数动物都无法获得这些信息,因为这需要使用传统方法难以收集的数据。动物追踪技术的进步为全球越来越多的物种提供了高分辨率的观测数据。迄今为止,使用这些数据进行的大多数研究都集中在动物行为问题上,而较少关注种群过程。在这里,我们认为追踪数据具有得天独厚的优势,可以通过揭示种群变化的时间、地点、方式和原因,为阻止物种灭绝这一紧迫的全球性问题带来有力的新见解。
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引用次数: 0
The evolutionary ecology of ethanol. 乙醇的进化生态学。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.005
Anna C Bowland, Amanda D Melin, David J Hosken, Kimberley J Hockings, Matthew A Carrigan

The consumption of ethanol has frequently been seen as largely restricted to humans. Here, we take a broad eco-evolutionary approach to understanding ethanol's potential impact on the natural world. There is growing evidence that ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars and that ethanol ingestion offers benefits that favour adaptations for its use in multiple taxa. Explanations for ethanol consumption span both the nutritional and non-nutritional, with potential medicinal value or cognitive effects (with social-behavioural benefits) explored. We conclude that ethanol is ecologically relevant and that it has shaped the evolution of many species and structured symbiotic relationships among organisms, including plants, yeast, bacteria, insects, and mammals.

乙醇的消费通常被认为主要限于人类。在这里,我们采用一种广泛的生态进化方法来理解乙醇对自然界的潜在影响。越来越多的证据表明,乙醇存在于许多野生果实、汁液和花蜜中,摄入乙醇可以带来好处,有利于多个类群适应乙醇的使用。对乙醇摄入的解释既有营养性的,也有非营养性的,还有潜在的药用价值或认知效应(具有社会行为益处)。我们的结论是,乙醇与生态相关,它影响了许多物种的进化,并构建了生物之间的共生关系,包括植物、酵母、细菌、昆虫和哺乳动物。
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引用次数: 0
Culturomics and iEcology provide novel opportunities to study human and social dimensions of alien species introductions. 文化组学和 iEcology 为研究外来物种引入的人类和社会层面提供了新的机会。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.012
Ana Novoa, Ivan Jarić, Pavel Pipek, Petr Pyšek

Invasive alien species negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity, human societies, and economies. To prevent future invasions, it is crucial to understand both the ecological and the human and social factors determining whether a species is picked up, transported, and introduced beyond their native range. However, we often have little or no information on key human and social factors. Here, we explore how alien species introductions are shaped by a combination of ecological and human and social factors and highlight the potential of the emerging fields of conservation culturomics and iEcology for disentangling their relative importance. We argue that quantifying and assessing the relative importance of the human and social dimensions of alien species introductions can substantially improve our understanding of the invasion process.

外来入侵物种会对生态系统、生物多样性、人类社会和经济造成负面影响。为了防止未来的入侵,了解决定一个物种是否会被发现、运输并引入其原生地以外的生态、人类和社会因素至关重要。然而,我们往往对关键的人类和社会因素知之甚少或一无所知。在此,我们探讨了外来物种的引入是如何由生态、人类和社会因素共同作用形成的,并强调了保护文化组学和 iEcology 这两个新兴领域在厘清其相对重要性方面的潜力。我们认为,量化和评估外来物种引入的人类和社会因素的相对重要性,可以大大提高我们对外来物种入侵过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Language barriers in conservation: consequences and solutions. 保护中的语言障碍:后果和解决办法。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.003
Tatsuya Amano, Violeta Berdejo-Espinola

Language barriers can severely hinder the advance of conservation science and its contribution to addressing the biodiversity crisis. We build a framework for understanding how language barriers can impede the evidence-based conservation of biodiversity in three ways: barriers to (i) the generation of evidence by non-native English speakers; (ii) the global synthesis of evidence scattered across different languages; and (iii) the application of English-language evidence to local decision making. We provide evidence, building on a growing body of literature, that quantifies the three consequences of language barriers in conservation. We also propose a checklist of solutions for reducing language barriers in conservation by addressing language disparities among scientists, promoting linguistic diversity in conservation, and making conservation science and its communication multilingual.

语言障碍会严重阻碍保护科学的发展及其对解决生物多样性危机的贡献。我们构建了一个框架,以理解语言障碍如何在三方面阻碍以证据为基础的生物多样性保护:障碍(i)非英语母语者提供证据的障碍;(ii)全球综合分散在不同语言之间的证据;(iii)将英语证据应用于当地决策。我们提供证据,建立在越来越多的文献基础上,量化了语言障碍在保护中的三个后果。本文还提出了减少保护中语言障碍的解决方案清单,包括解决科学家之间的语言差异,促进保护中的语言多样性,以及使保护科学及其交流多语言化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Trends in ecology & evolution
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