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Female alternative reproductive tactics: diversity and drivers. 雌性替代生殖策略:多样性和驱动因素。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.002
Daiping Wang, Jessica Abbott, Franziska A Brenninger, Kora Klein, Angela Nava-Bolaños, Lengxob Yong, Xiang-Yi Li Richter

It is often argued that anisogamy causes alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) to be more common in males than females. We challenge this view by pointing out logical flaws in the argument. We then review recent work on the diversity of female ARTs, listing several understudied types such as solitary versus communal breeding and facultative parthenogenesis. We highlight an important difference between male and female ARTs that caused female ARTs to be overlooked: male ARTs tend to focus on successful fertilization, whereas female ARTs occur at many stages of reproduction and often form complex networks of decision points. We propose to study correlated female ARTs as a whole to better understand their drivers and eco-evolutionary dynamics.

通常有一种观点认为,一夫一妻制会导致另类生殖策略(ARTs)在雄性中比在雌性中更常见。我们指出了这一论点的逻辑缺陷,从而对这一观点提出质疑。然后,我们回顾了近期有关雌性替代生殖策略多样性的研究,列举了几种未被充分研究的类型,如单独繁殖与群居繁殖以及兼性孤雌生殖。我们强调了导致雌性ART被忽视的雄性和雌性ART之间的一个重要区别:雄性ART往往集中于成功受精,而雌性ART则发生在繁殖的许多阶段,而且往往形成复杂的决策点网络。我们建议将相关的雌性ART作为一个整体进行研究,以更好地了解其驱动因素和生态进化动态。
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引用次数: 0
Agrobiodiversity conservation enables sustainable and equitable land sparing. 保护农业生物多样性可实现可持续和公平的土地节约。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.009
Sophie Jago, James S Borrell

Intensifying agriculture to spare land for nature could help meet competing food security and biodiversity conservation goals. However, this approach neglects and undervalues agrobiodiversity, currently maintained by millions of smallholder farmers. For intensification to be sustainable and land sparing to be achieved equitably, we must conserve high-agrobiodiversity landscapes.

加强农业生产,把土地留给自然,有助于实现粮食安全和生物多样性保护这两个相互竞争的目标。然而,这种方法忽视并低估了目前由数百万小农维护的农业生物多样性。要使集约化可持续发展,并公平地实现土地节约,我们必须保护高生物多样性景观。
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引用次数: 0
Listening to animal behavior to understand changing ecosystems. 倾听动物行为,了解不断变化的生态系统。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.007
William K Oestreich, Ruth Y Oliver, Melissa S Chapman, Madeline C Go, Megan F McKenna

Interpreting sound gives powerful insight into the health of ecosystems. Beyond detecting the presence of wildlife, bioacoustic signals can reveal their behavior. However, behavioral bioacoustic information is underused because identifying the function and context of animals' sounds remains challenging. A growing acoustic toolbox is allowing researchers to begin decoding bioacoustic signals by linking individual and population-level sensing. Yet, studies integrating acoustic tools for behavioral insight across levels of biological organization remain scarce. We aim to catalyze the emerging field of behavioral bioacoustics by synthesizing recent successes and rising analytical, logistical, and ethical challenges. Because behavior typically represents animals' first response to environmental change, we posit that behavioral bioacoustics will provide theoretical and applied insights into animals' adaptations to global change.

通过解读声音,可以深入了解生态系统的健康状况。除了探测野生动物的存在,生物声学信号还能揭示它们的行为。然而,行为生物声学信息还未得到充分利用,因为识别动物声音的功能和背景仍然具有挑战性。声学工具箱的不断扩大使研究人员能够通过将个体和种群层面的感应联系起来,开始解码生物声学信号。然而,将声学工具整合到跨生物组织层次的行为洞察的研究仍然很少。我们的目标是通过综合最近取得的成功以及在分析、后勤和伦理方面面临的新挑战,推动行为生物声学这一新兴领域的发展。由于行为通常代表了动物对环境变化的第一反应,我们认为行为生物声学将为动物适应全球变化提供理论和应用见解。
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引用次数: 0
Timing decisions as the next frontier for collective intelligence. 定时决策是集体智慧的下一个前沿领域。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.003
Albert B Kao, Shoubhik Chandan Banerjee, Fritz A Francisco, Andrew M Berdahl

The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in collective decision making, particularly the idea that groups can make more accurate decisions compared with individuals. However, nearly all research to date has focused on spatial decisions (e.g., food patches). Here, we highlight the equally important, but severely understudied, realm of temporal collective decision making (i.e., decisions about when to perform an action). We illustrate differences between temporal and spatial decisions, including the irreversibility of time, cost asymmetries, the speed-accuracy tradeoff, and game theoretic dynamics. Given these fundamental differences, temporal collective decision making likely requires different mechanisms to generate collective intelligence. Research focused on temporal decisions should lead to an expanded understanding of the adaptiveness and constraints of living in groups.

过去十年来,人们对集体决策的兴趣与日俱增,尤其是认为群体能比个体做出更准确的决策。然而,迄今为止几乎所有的研究都集中在空间决策上(如食物补给)。在这里,我们要强调的是同样重要但研究严重不足的时间性集体决策领域(即关于何时执行行动的决策)。我们阐述了时间决策与空间决策之间的差异,包括时间的不可逆转性、成本的不对称性、速度与准确性的权衡以及博弈论动态。鉴于这些根本区别,时间性集体决策可能需要不同的机制来产生集体智慧。以时间决策为重点的研究应能扩大对群体生活的适应性和制约因素的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Food webs in food webs: the micro-macro interplay of multilayered networks. 食物网中的食物网:多层网络的微观-宏观相互作用。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.006
Jake M Robinson, Andrew D Barnes, Nicole Fickling, Sofie Costin, Xin Sun, Martin F Breed

Food webs are typically defined as being macro-organism-based (e.g., plants, mammals, birds) or microbial (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses). However, these characterizations have limits. We propose a multilayered food web conceptual model where microbial food webs are nested within food webs composed of macro-organisms. Nesting occurs through host-microbe interactions, which influence the health and behavior of host macro-organisms, such that host microbiomes likely alter population dynamics of interacting macro-organisms and vice versa. Here, we explore the theoretical underpinnings of multilayered food webs and the implications of this new conceptual model on food web ecology. Our framework opens avenues for new empirical investigations into complex ecological networks and provides a new lens through which to view a network's response to ecosystem changes.

食物网通常被定义为以大型生物(如植物、哺乳动物、鸟类)或微生物(如细菌、真菌、病毒)为基础的食物网。然而,这些定义都有局限性。我们提出了一个多层食物网概念模型,其中微生物食物网嵌套在由大型生物组成的食物网中。嵌套通过宿主与微生物之间的相互作用而发生,这种相互作用会影响宿主大型生物的健康和行为,因此宿主微生物组可能会改变相互作用的大型生物的种群动态,反之亦然。在此,我们探讨了多层食物网的理论基础以及这一新概念模型对食物网生态学的影响。我们的框架为复杂生态网络的新实证研究开辟了途径,并为观察网络对生态系统变化的响应提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Culturomics and iEcology provide novel opportunities to study human and social dimensions of alien species introductions. 文化组学和 iEcology 为研究外来物种引入的人类和社会层面提供了新的机会。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.012
Ana Novoa, Ivan Jarić, Pavel Pipek, Petr Pyšek

Invasive alien species negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity, human societies, and economies. To prevent future invasions, it is crucial to understand both the ecological and the human and social factors determining whether a species is picked up, transported, and introduced beyond their native range. However, we often have little or no information on key human and social factors. Here, we explore how alien species introductions are shaped by a combination of ecological and human and social factors and highlight the potential of the emerging fields of conservation culturomics and iEcology for disentangling their relative importance. We argue that quantifying and assessing the relative importance of the human and social dimensions of alien species introductions can substantially improve our understanding of the invasion process.

外来入侵物种会对生态系统、生物多样性、人类社会和经济造成负面影响。为了防止未来的入侵,了解决定一个物种是否会被发现、运输并引入其原生地以外的生态、人类和社会因素至关重要。然而,我们往往对关键的人类和社会因素知之甚少或一无所知。在此,我们探讨了外来物种的引入是如何由生态、人类和社会因素共同作用形成的,并强调了保护文化组学和 iEcology 这两个新兴领域在厘清其相对重要性方面的潜力。我们认为,量化和评估外来物种引入的人类和社会因素的相对重要性,可以大大提高我们对外来物种入侵过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The emerging invasive species and climate-change lexicon. 新出现的入侵物种和气候变化词汇。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.005
Emily J Fusco, Bryan G Falk, Paul J Heimowitz, Deah Lieurance, Elliott W Parsons, Cait M Rottler, Lindsey L Thurman, Annette E Evans

The rapid diversification of terminology associated with invasion ecology is a known barrier to effective communication and management. These challenges are magnified by the addition of terms and concepts related to climate-induced range-shifting taxa and/or changes to impacts. Further, institutional policies and terminologies for invasive species introduce new ambiguities when considering climate change. To alleviate communication and application challenges, we introduce a conceptual framework that organizes climate-related invasion terms, revealing ambiguities and gaps. Additionally, we illustrate how these ambiguities can affect management with four case studies and consider situations where resolution can improve policy and management outcomes. The framework can help users avoid inconsistent use of terminology, and prioritize when to address management and policy consequences related to associated terminological ambiguity.

与入侵生态学相关的术语迅速多样化是有效交流和管理的一个已知障碍。由于增加了与气候引起的范围转移类群和/或影响变化相关的术语和概念,这些挑战变得更加严峻。此外,在考虑气候变化时,有关入侵物种的制度政策和术语也带来了新的模糊性。为了缓解交流和应用方面的挑战,我们引入了一个概念框架,该框架组织了与气候相关的入侵术语,揭示了模糊之处和差距。此外,我们还通过四个案例研究来说明这些模糊之处如何影响管理,并考虑在哪些情况下解决这些模糊之处可以改善政策和管理结果。该框架可以帮助用户避免术语使用的不一致,并确定何时优先解决与相关术语模糊性有关的管理和政策后果。
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引用次数: 0
Fair division for avoidance of biodiversity impacts. 公平分配,避免对生物多样性造成影响。
IF 16.7 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.002
Hollie Booth, E J Milner-Gulland, Ashley Bang, Joseph Bull, Juan D Moreno-Ternero, Dale Squires

Biodiversity is declining at alarming rates, with some negative impacts caused by activities that are necessary for meeting basic human needs and others which should be avoided to prevent ecological collapse. Avoidance of biodiversity impacts is costly; these costs must be distributed fairly. Principles of fair allocation - which are grounded in longstanding theories of justice and are mathematically operationalizable - are rarely used in biodiversity decision-making but can help to deliver procedural and distributive justice alongside biodiversity outcomes. We show how incorporating rules of fair allocation into biodiversity decision-making could advance policy formulation towards a safe and just future. Such rules provide a means to operationalize equity and create space for cooperatively and constructively negotiating avoidance liabilities within biodiversity impact mitigation.

生物多样性正在以惊人的速度减少,其中一些负面影响是由满足人类基本需求所必需的活动造成的,而另一些影响则是为防止生态崩溃而应避免的。避免对生物多样性的影响需要付出高昂的代价;这些代价必须得到公平分配。公平分配原则源于悠久的正义理论,在数学上可操作,很少用于生物多样性决策,但有助于在实现生物多样性成果的同时实现程序和分配正义。我们展示了将公平分配规则纳入生物多样性决策如何推动政策制定,以实现安全、公正的未来。这些规则为实现公平提供了一种手段,并为在生物多样性影响缓解过程中合作和建设性地协商避免责任创造了空间。
{"title":"Fair division for avoidance of biodiversity impacts.","authors":"Hollie Booth, E J Milner-Gulland, Ashley Bang, Joseph Bull, Juan D Moreno-Ternero, Dale Squires","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodiversity is declining at alarming rates, with some negative impacts caused by activities that are necessary for meeting basic human needs and others which should be avoided to prevent ecological collapse. Avoidance of biodiversity impacts is costly; these costs must be distributed fairly. Principles of fair allocation - which are grounded in longstanding theories of justice and are mathematically operationalizable - are rarely used in biodiversity decision-making but can help to deliver procedural and distributive justice alongside biodiversity outcomes. We show how incorporating rules of fair allocation into biodiversity decision-making could advance policy formulation towards a safe and just future. Such rules provide a means to operationalize equity and create space for cooperatively and constructively negotiating avoidance liabilities within biodiversity impact mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23274,"journal":{"name":"Trends in ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The new society for modeling and theory in population biology 群体生物学建模和理论的新社会
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.008
Gili Greenbaum, Oana Carja
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Harder, better, faster, stronger? Dispersal in the Anthropocene 更难、更好、更快、更强?人类世的扩散
IF 16.8 1区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.08.010
Katelyn T. Faulkner, Philip E. Hulme, John R.U. Wilson

The dispersal of organisms in the Anthropocene has been profoundly altered by human activities, with far-reaching consequences for humans, biodiversity, and ecosystems. Managing such dispersal effectively is critical to achieve the 2030 targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Here, we bring together insights from invasion science, movement ecology, and conservation biology, and extend a widely used classification framework for the introduction pathways of alien species to encompass other forms of dispersal. We develop a simple, global scheme for classifying the movement of organisms into the types of dispersal that characterise the Anthropocene. The scheme can be used to improve our understanding of dispersal, provide policy relevant advice, inform conservation and biosecurity actions, and enable monitoring and reporting towards conservation targets.

人类世的生物扩散已因人类活动而发生了深刻变化,对人类、生物多样性和生态系统造成了深远影响。有效管理这种扩散对于实现昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架的 2030 年目标至关重要。在这里,我们汇集了入侵科学、运动生态学和保护生物学的见解,并扩展了广泛使用的外来物种引入途径分类框架,以涵盖其他形式的扩散。我们制定了一个简单的全球方案,将生物的迁移分为人类世所特有的各种扩散类型。该方案可用于提高我们对散布的理解,提供政策相关建议,为保护和生物安全行动提供信息,并实现对保护目标的监测和报告。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Trends in ecology & evolution
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