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FROM LINGUISTIC FEATURES TO CULTURAL PATTERNS 从语言特征到文化模式
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.7146/sss.v12i1.130067
Anne Agersnap, K. Johansen
This article discusses the concept of reading and presents a method thatcombines distant and close reading, while drawing on insights fromcomputational humanities. Focusing on basic features in language, distantreading allows for the construction of new types of text. By close reading thesetexts, it is possible to analyse cultural patterns across individual texts. Thismethod of reading is illustrated by two cases stemming from a project basedon a corpus of 11,955 Danish sermons. The first case begins with a distantreading of gendered pronouns in the corpus. The second case begins with adistant reading of named agents.*
本文讨论了阅读的概念,并提出了一种将远读和细读结合起来的方法,同时借鉴了计算人文学科的见解。远程阅读着眼于语言的基本特征,允许构建新的文本类型。通过仔细阅读这些文本,可以分析各个文本之间的文化模式。这种阅读方法由两个案例来说明,这些案例来自一个基于11,955篇丹麦布道的语料库的项目。第一种情况开始与语料库性别代词的距离。第二种情况从远读命名代理开始
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引用次数: 0
Grammar of Giants 巨人的语法
Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V11I2.123476
Rasmus Puggaard
It is a common process of language change for free morphemes to become bound morphemes, but the inverse process (termed ‘debonding’ by Norde 2009) is much rarer. Previous studies have found that lexemes with the original meaning ‘giant’ (German Riesen, Dutch reuze) have historically grammaticalized as prefixes, and subsequently debonded into free morphemes with the same bleached meaning as the prefixes (Van Goethem & Hiligsmann 2014; Norde & Van Goethem 2014). Using a synchronic corpus of written Danish (KorpusDK), this paper shows that the Danish word kæmpe, originally ‘giant’, is in the late stages of a similar process of debonding. By investigating the morphological and syntactic patterning of kæmpe, the paper shows that kæmpe has indeed debonded, and occurs as a free-standing semantically bleached adjective, but that it does not yet exhibit fully prototypical adjectival behavior. All three functions of kæmpe remain in use: a noun with the specific meaning ‘giant’, a semantically bleached prefix, and a corresponding semantically bleached adjective. This would argue against an account relying on abrupt category change, and it is proposed that kæmpe has reached its current status through gradual analogy-driven change.
自由语素变成绑定语素是语言变化的一个常见过程,但相反的过程(Norde 2009年称之为“脱绑定”)要少见得多。先前的研究发现,原意为“巨人”的词汇(德语Riesen,荷兰语reuze)在历史上被语法化为前缀,随后分离为与前缀具有相同白化含义的自由语素(Van Goethem & Hiligsmann 2014;Norde & Van Goethem 2014)。使用丹麦语的共时语料库(KorpusDK),本文表明丹麦语单词kæmpe,原本是“巨人”,正处于类似脱键过程的后期阶段。通过对kæmpe的形态和句法模式的研究,本文表明kæmpe确实已经脱键,并且作为一个独立的语义漂白形容词出现,但它还没有表现出完全的原型形容词行为。kæmpe的所有三个功能都保留了下来:一个带有特定含义“巨人”的名词,一个语义上漂白的前缀,以及一个相应的语义上漂白的形容词。这将反对依赖于突然的类别变化的解释,并提出kæmpe是通过渐进的类比驱动的变化达到目前的状态。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding questions and answers in context: An argument for multi-channel analysis 理解上下文中的问题和答案:多渠道分析的论据
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.7146/sss.v11i1.121367
D. Archer
Currently, understanding what questions and answers mean in context equates to accounting for the questioner’s role as well as what they expect to (versus) achieve, the position as well as form/function of their question(s) within the interaction: and, if spoken, their delivery, as well as whether a response is given, what type, how, etc. This paper advocates for a further widening of the linguistic analytical lens beyond traditional syntactic/pragmatic criteria so that we might account, in turn, for participants’ facial expressions, body movements and gestures as they deliver their questions and/or respond to others. The paper argues this is particularly pertinent when negotiating meaning generally and crucial when seeking to understand potentially deceptive and/or evasive moves on the part of participants. 
目前,理解问题和答案在上下文中的含义等同于考虑提问者的角色以及他们期望(相对)达到的目标,他们的问题在互动中的位置和形式/功能:如果说出来,他们的表达方式,以及是否给出了回答,什么类型,如何回答等。本文主张进一步扩大语言分析的视角,超越传统的句法/语用标准,这样我们就可以反过来解释参与者在提出问题和/或回应他人时的面部表情、身体动作和手势。这篇论文认为,这在一般意义上的谈判中尤为重要,在试图理解参与者潜在的欺骗和/或回避行为时尤为重要。
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引用次数: 4
Viewing, listening and reading along: Linguistic and multimodal constructions of viewer participation in the net series SKAM 观看、聆听和阅读:网络连续剧《SKAM》中观众参与的语言和多模态结构
Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.7146/sss.v10i2.115611
E. Andersen, S. Poulsen
This paper investigates how SKAM viewers are positioned as participants through semiotic resources in the net series, i.e. the filmic means for making meaning, including representations of the characters’ embodied and digitally mediated communication. For this purpose, we combine perspectives from linguistic-multimodality studies of modes for communication and studies building on Goff man’s (1981) work on participation frameworks, i.e. the various ways of participating in co-present and/or mediated communication. The article aims to complement existing media studies of immediacy in SKAM and viewers’ sense of co-presence with characters in the net series (Jerslev 2017, Sundet 2017). It does so by showing how participant frameworks are multimodally constructed at a fictional level and a communicational level. Within each of these frameworks, the viewer is positioned in distinct ways. We describe how the viewer is placed, i.e. physically positioned, in the interactional space of the depicted characters, and how the characters’ communicative means are interactionally organised, accomplished and made available for interpretation by the viewer. Furthermore, we show how characters monitor each other in the shared space of a schoolyard, how embodied and digitally mediated communicative features are foregrounded, and how the viewer is provided access to these resources in ways that reflect and create specific viewing positions in the communicative frames of the characters. We argue that these integrations of semiotic modes exploit affordances related to speech, writing and embodiment, that the positionings mainly work to create a sense of presence and identification for the viewer, and that representations of digitally mediated communication (writing) on the viewer’s screen specifically expose how the digitally mediated communication space of one of the characters is integrated with the digitally mediated viewing space.
本文研究了SKAM观众如何通过网络系列中的符号学资源,即电影的意义制造手段,包括人物的具象化和数字媒介传播的表征,被定位为参与者。为此,我们结合了交际模式的语言多模态研究和戈夫·曼(Goff man, 1981)关于参与框架的研究,即参与共同在场和/或中介交际的各种方式。这篇文章的目的是补充现有的关于SKAM中的即时性和观众与网络系列中的角色共同存在感的媒体研究(Jerslev 2017, Sundet 2017)。它通过展示参与者框架是如何在虚构层面和交流层面上以多模态方式构建的来做到这一点。在这些框架中,查看器以不同的方式定位。我们描述了观众是如何被放置的,即物理位置,在所描绘的角色的互动空间中,以及角色的交流方式是如何被互动地组织、完成并使观众可以解释的。此外,我们展示了角色如何在校园的共享空间中相互监视,具体的和数字媒介的交流特征是如何被突出的,以及观众如何以反映和创造角色交流框架中特定的观看位置的方式获得这些资源。我们认为,这些符号学模式的整合利用了与言语、写作和体现相关的启示,这些定位主要是为观众创造一种存在感和认同感,而观众屏幕上的数字媒介交流(写作)的表现具体地揭示了其中一个角色的数字媒介交流空间是如何与数字媒介的观看空间相结合的。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction: Language use in and about the net drama series SKAM 简介:网络剧《SKAM》的语言运用
Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.7146/sss.v10i2.115609
E. Andersen, S. Poulsen, Marianne Rathje
On January 30 2018, the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark, hosted a symposium entitled “Sproget i og omkring SKAM” (“The language in and around SKAM”). After the symposium, we issued a call on behalf of the journal Scandinavian Studies in Language, and two articles were published as a result, namely Jennifer Duggan and Anne Dahl’s article Fan translations of SKAM: Challenging Anglo linguistic and popular cultural hegemony in a transnational fandomand Elisabeth Muth Andersen and Søren Vigild Poulsen’s contribution Viewing, listening and reading along: Linguistic and multimodal constructions of viewer participation in the net series SKAM.
2018年1月30日,位于丹麦欧登塞的南丹麦大学举办了一场名为“SKAM内部和周围的语言”的研讨会。研讨会结束后,我们代表《斯堪的纳维亚语言研究》杂志发出了呼吁,并发表了两篇文章,分别是Jennifer Duggan和Anne Dahl的文章《SKAM的粉丝翻译:在跨国粉丝领域挑战盎格鲁语言和流行文化霸权》和Elisabeth Muth Andersen和Søren Vigild Poulsen的文章《观看、倾听和阅读:观看者参与网络系列SKAM的语言和多模态结构》。
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引用次数: 0
Fan translations of SKAM: Challenging Anglo linguistic and popular cultural hegemony in a transnational fandom 《SKAM》的同人翻译:在跨国同人世界中挑战盎格鲁语言和大众文化霸权
Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.7146/sss.v10i2.115610
J. Duggan, Anne Dahl
The transnational success of the Norwegian multimedia series SKAM is unique in the Scandinavian context and a prime example of how fans’ translation, communication, and dissemination practices can lead to a series’ international success. In this study, we argue that fan translation of SKAM emphasizes the value of bi-/multilinguality by positioning Norwegian as a resource within a transnational online community, while simultaneously masking the ways in which translation into English normalizes English as the global language of communication and contributes to the Anglo-American dominance of online global media fandom. Nonetheless, fans’ use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) positions it as a democratic resource, challenging native-speaker hegemony (cf. House 2013; Widdowson 1994), and fans’ online translation and dissemination of non-Anglo media into English are practices which subvert the very dominance they actualize, challenging the privileged status of English by carving out space for non-Anglo linguistic expertise and positioning linguistic knowledge and the multicompetent language user as valuable (cf. Cook 1991; Cook 1992). This also creates a digital space for valuing non-Anglo popular cultural objects, languages, and cultures.
挪威多媒体连续剧《SKAM》的跨国成功在斯堪的纳维亚语境中是独一无二的,也是粉丝的翻译、交流和传播实践如何导致连续剧在国际上成功的最佳范例。在本研究中,我们认为,SKAM的粉丝翻译通过将挪威语定位为跨国网络社区中的一种资源,强调了双/多语言的价值,同时掩盖了英语翻译使英语作为全球交流语言正常化的方式,并有助于英美在全球网络媒体粉丝圈中的主导地位。尽管如此,粉丝们将英语作为一种通用语(ELF)将其定位为一种民主资源,挑战母语者的霸权(参见House 2013;Widdowson 1994),粉丝将非盎格鲁语媒体的在线翻译和传播成英语的做法颠覆了他们所实现的统治地位,通过为非盎格鲁语专业知识开辟空间,并将语言知识和多能力语言用户定位为有价值的,挑战了英语的特权地位(cf. Cook 1991;库克1992年)。这也为非盎格鲁流行文化物品、语言和文化的价值创造了一个数字空间。
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引用次数: 4
Interjections in Scandinavia and Beyond: Traditions and Innovations 斯堪的纳维亚及其他地区的感叹词:传统与创新
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114667
Eva Skafte Jensen, Carsten Levisen, T. Hougaard
By revisiting interjections in Scandinavian Studies in Language, the explicit goal of the issue is to bring together Scandinavian and global perspectives on interjections. Our volume opens up Scandinavia-based research to the global audience, and at the same time, our analysis is characterized by deep connections with global scholarships in the plural. The seminal work on interjections by Wierzbicka (1991 [2003]); and Ameka (1992) had a crosslinguistic vision that continues to inspire the ongoing work of understanding both local interjections and global comparison.
通过回顾斯堪的纳维亚语言研究中的感叹词,该问题的明确目标是将斯堪的纳维亚和全球对感叹词的看法结合起来。我们的数量为全球观众打开了斯堪的纳维亚的研究,同时,我们的分析以复数形式与全球奖学金的深刻联系为特征。Wierzbicka(1991[2003])对感叹词的开创性研究;和Ameka(1992)的跨语言视角继续激励着正在进行的理解本地感叹词和全球比较的工作。
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引用次数: 2
Interjections in American and Danish courtroom interaction: A linguistic and legal cultural comparison 美国和丹麦法庭互动中的感叹词:语言和法律文化比较
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114676
S. S. Mortensen
This study compares the use of interjections by the defence lawyers in an American and a Danish criminal trial during their direct-examination of their clients, i.e. the defendants. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses it is shown that the Danish lawyer uses interjections much more frequently than the American lawyer, and that the interjections used by the American lawyer tend to have different interactional functions than those used by the Danish lawyer. Thus, while the American lawyer practices a composed and transactional style of interaction, the Danish lawyer adopts a fairly loose and casual style. The interactional styles of the two lawyers, as seen through their use of interjections, are discussed and explained as reflections of central cultural traits of the two countries’ legal traditions, drawing, amongst others, on the basic divide between common law adversarialism and civil law inquisitorialism.
这项研究比较了美国和丹麦刑事审判中辩护律师在直接询问客户(即被告)时使用感叹词的情况。定量和定性分析表明,丹麦律师使用感叹词的频率远高于美国律师,而且美国律师使用的感叹词与丹麦律师使用的感叹词往往具有不同的互动功能。因此,美国律师的互动风格是沉着和交易式的,而丹麦律师的互动风格则是相当宽松和随意的。两位律师的互动风格,从他们对感叹词的使用来看,被讨论和解释为两国法律传统的核心文化特征的反映,其中包括英美法系的对抗主义和大陆法系的询问主义之间的基本分歧。
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引用次数: 1
Interjections, phonetics, and the body 感叹词,语音学和肢体
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114673
T. Hougaard
Emotive interjections are normally associated with the spoken language, but in this article, I will investigate the use of two interjections, åh ‘oh’ and puha ‘whew’ in written communication on Facebook – on the two Danish Facebook groups built around the illness and death of two young children in 2015: “Fighting for Magnus (Miv)” and “Commemorative site for Lærke Rønde Timm”. Interjections are understood as affective expressions because they reflect some of the bodily reactions and participatory investment of the followers of the two groups.  The main argument in the article is that the participants write interjections as a way to deal with affective extraordinary experiences. Through phonetic analysis the interjections are seen as bodily felt and triggered reaction.  
情感感叹词通常与口语有关,但在本文中,我将调查两个感叹词的使用, h ' oh '和puha ' whew '在Facebook上的书面交流中-在2015年围绕两个小孩的疾病和死亡建立的两个丹麦Facebook小组:“为马格努斯(Miv)而战”和“纪念Lærke Rønde Timm”。感叹词被理解为情感表达,因为它们反映了两组追随者的一些身体反应和参与投入。文章的主要论点是,参与者写感叹词是一种处理情感非凡经历的方式。通过语音分析,将感叹词视为身体的感觉和触发反应。
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引用次数: 0
Danish dialogue particles in an interactional perspective 互动视角下的丹麦语对话助词
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114671
J. Steensig, S. S. Sørensen
In our paper, we give an overview over what is known about some of the most frequent interjections in Danish talk-in-interaction: ja (‘yes’), nej (‘no’), mm (‘mm’), nå (approximately ‘oh’), and okay (‘okay’). We review the CA/IL literature on these words, and we present our own exemplary analyses of single instances of these words in extracts from our corpus of recorded, naturally occurring Danish interactions. Based on this, we argue that sequential position, epistemics, and affiliation and alignment should be taken into account when describing and categorizing dialogue particles in talk-in-interaction. Prosody and other phonetic cues are important for the realization of the above dimensions and functions and we review what is known about prosodic and phonetic cues plus add some of our own observations, without launching a full phonetic and prosodic analysis.
在我们的论文中,我们概述了丹麦语交谈中最常见的一些感叹词:ja(“是”),nej(“否”),mm(“mm”),n(大约“哦”)和okay(“好”)。我们回顾了CA/IL关于这些词的文献,并在我们的记录语料库中对这些词的单个实例进行了我们自己的示例分析,自然发生的丹麦语互动。在此基础上,我们认为在描述和分类互动对话粒子时应考虑顺序位置、认识论和隶属关系和对齐。韵律和其他语音线索对于上述维度和功能的实现是重要的,我们回顾了关于韵律和语音线索的已知内容,并添加了一些我们自己的观察,但没有展开完整的语音和韵律分析。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Scandinavian Studies in Language
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