Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114672
A. Fabricius
Th is paper will discuss a particular hashtag meme as one example of a potential new manifestation of interjectionality, engendered and fostered in the written online context of social media. Th e case derives from a video meme and hashtag from the United States which ‘went viral’ in 2012. We will ask to what extent hashtags might perform interjectional-type functions over and above their referential functions, thereby having links to other, more prototypically interjectional elements. Th e case will also be discussed from multiple sociolinguistic perspectives: as an example of the (indirect) signifying of ‘whiteness’ through ‘black’ discourse, as cultural appropriation in the context of potential policing of these racial divides in the United States, and as a case of performative stylization which highlights grammatical markers while simultaneously downplaying phonological markers of African American English. We will end by speculating as to the implications of the rise of (variant forms of) hashtags for processes of creative language use in the future.
{"title":"#aintnobodygottimeforthat: cultural appropriation, stylization and the social life of hashtag interjectionality","authors":"A. Fabricius","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114672","url":null,"abstract":"Th is paper will discuss a particular hashtag meme as one example of a potential new manifestation of interjectionality, engendered and fostered in the written online context of social media. Th e case derives from a video meme and hashtag from the United States which ‘went viral’ in 2012. We will ask to what extent hashtags might perform interjectional-type functions over and above their referential functions, thereby having links to other, more prototypically interjectional elements. Th e case will also be discussed from multiple sociolinguistic perspectives: as an example of the (indirect) signifying of ‘whiteness’ through ‘black’ discourse, as cultural appropriation in the context of potential policing of these racial divides in the United States, and as a case of performative stylization which highlights grammatical markers while simultaneously downplaying phonological markers of African American English. We will end by speculating as to the implications of the rise of (variant forms of) hashtags for processes of creative language use in the future.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114668
S. Borchmann
The basic feature of emotive interjections is that they are spontaneous. This feature implies that they are not intentional and, hence, not communicative. Nevertheless, in addition to spontaneous and non-communicative emotive interjections one can observe emotive interjections that are non-spontaneous and communicative and emotive interjections that are spontaneous and communicative. This heterogeneity poses a fundamental problem for the classification and description of interjections, and it is this problem that is the focus of this article. Th e article presents an ecological pragmatic analysis of emotive interjections with special regard to the evaluation of four accounts of the heterogeneity. The article’s contribution consists of observation-based evidence in the form of an analysis of three occurrences of interjections that differ with regard to their spontaneity and communicativity. Th e article suggests that the basic sign relation of emotive interjections is indexical, but it also shows that an iconic and a symbolic relation can be added to this basic relation.
{"title":"Non-spontaneous and communicative emotive interjections","authors":"S. Borchmann","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114668","url":null,"abstract":"The basic feature of emotive interjections is that they are spontaneous. This feature implies that they are not intentional and, hence, not communicative. Nevertheless, in addition to spontaneous and non-communicative emotive interjections one can observe emotive interjections that are non-spontaneous and communicative and emotive interjections that are spontaneous and communicative. This heterogeneity poses a fundamental problem for the classification and description of interjections, and it is this problem that is the focus of this article. Th e article presents an ecological pragmatic analysis of emotive interjections with special regard to the evaluation of four accounts of the heterogeneity. The article’s contribution consists of observation-based evidence in the form of an analysis of three occurrences of interjections that differ with regard to their spontaneity and communicativity. Th e article suggests that the basic sign relation of emotive interjections is indexical, but it also shows that an iconic and a symbolic relation can be added to this basic relation.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.7146/sss.v10i1.114674
Carsten Levisen
The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it seeks to fill a gap in the literature on interjections by suggesting that ‘laughter interjections’ (words such English haha or hehe) make up an important type of interjections that has so far not been accounted for in cross-linguistic work on interjections. Secondly, it argues that laughter interjections are thick with cultural meaning, and that they can play an important role for an “emic turn” in humour studies. Third, it develops a case study on “Danish funniness” with a point of departure in the Danish paradigm of laughter interjections. The paper explores humourous discourse from the perspective of these culturally specific expressive words, and provides high definition analysis of two Danish laughter interjections tøhø and hæhæ, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage technique of explication. The general framework of the study is Lexical Anthropology, an approach to meaning analysis that combines insights from lexical semantics and linguistic anthropology.
{"title":"Laughter Interjections","authors":"Carsten Levisen","doi":"10.7146/sss.v10i1.114674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/sss.v10i1.114674","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it seeks to fill a gap in the literature on interjections by suggesting that ‘laughter interjections’ (words such English haha or hehe) make up an important type of interjections that has so far not been accounted for in cross-linguistic work on interjections. Secondly, it argues that laughter interjections are thick with cultural meaning, and that they can play an important role for an “emic turn” in humour studies. Third, it develops a case study on “Danish funniness” with a point of departure in the Danish paradigm of laughter interjections. The paper explores humourous discourse from the perspective of these culturally specific expressive words, and provides high definition analysis of two Danish laughter interjections tøhø and hæhæ, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage technique of explication. The general framework of the study is Lexical Anthropology, an approach to meaning analysis that combines insights from lexical semantics and linguistic anthropology.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134171578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114670
E. Miltersen
The Danish word øv is traditionally categorized as an interjection. However, in a set of data primarily from chat conversations, several instances of øv do not match any traditional definition of interjections: It is syntactically integrated and thus does not constitute a full utterance on its own, and its semantic-pragmatic use is more nuanced than “expressing an aspect of the speaker’s mental state”. Th e main part of the article is a functionally-based analysis of these instances of øv, the insights from which are used to question the general practice of lexical categorization. I argue that a pragmatically based model of categorization is better able to account for the full range of uses for a word form.
{"title":"Øv – A Problem for Categorization","authors":"E. Miltersen","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114670","url":null,"abstract":"The Danish word øv is traditionally categorized as an interjection. However, in a set of data primarily from chat conversations, several instances of øv do not match any traditional definition of interjections: It is syntactically integrated and thus does not constitute a full utterance on its own, and its semantic-pragmatic use is more nuanced than “expressing an aspect of the speaker’s mental state”. Th e main part of the article is a functionally-based analysis of these instances of øv, the insights from which are used to question the general practice of lexical categorization. I argue that a pragmatically based model of categorization is better able to account for the full range of uses for a word form.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114675
Leon Shor, Anna Inbar
This paper focuses on a particular use of the item zehu ‘that’s it’ in spoken Israeli Hebrew, in which it functions as a secondary interjection that conveys the meanings of “completion” and “restriction”. In light of zehu’s morphological makeup – a fusion of the sgm demonstrative ze ‘this’ and the 3sgm pronoun hu ‘he’ – the interjectional use is suggested to have originated in the grammaticalization of the clause ze hu ‘That’s him/that,’ a clause that is normally used in Israeli Hebrew for the identification of people and objects. Each of the two interjectional meanings conveyed by zehu is suggested to be conceptually linked to the meanings of “wholeness” and “rejection” – meanings that are potentially related to the basic identificational function of the clause ze hu ‘That’s him/that.’ The interconnection between the meanings of “completion”/ “restriction” and the meanings of “wholeness”/“rejection” is supported by tendencies in semantic change and by patterns of co-speech gestures.
{"title":"The meaning of zehu in spoken Israeli Hebrew:","authors":"Leon Shor, Anna Inbar","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114675","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a particular use of the item zehu ‘that’s it’ in spoken Israeli Hebrew, in which it functions as a secondary interjection that conveys the meanings of “completion” and “restriction”. In light of zehu’s morphological makeup – a fusion of the sgm demonstrative ze ‘this’ and the 3sgm pronoun hu ‘he’ – the interjectional use is suggested to have originated in the grammaticalization of the clause ze hu ‘That’s him/that,’ a clause that is normally used in Israeli Hebrew for the identification of people and objects. Each of the two interjectional meanings conveyed by zehu is suggested to be conceptually linked to the meanings of “wholeness” and “rejection” – meanings that are potentially related to the basic identificational function of the clause ze hu ‘That’s him/that.’ The interconnection between the meanings of “completion”/ “restriction” and the meanings of “wholeness”/“rejection” is supported by tendencies in semantic change and by patterns of co-speech gestures.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130464627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114677
Ulrike Stange
This paper explores the discursive use of selected emotive interjections (Ow!, Ouch!; Ugh!, Yuck!; Whoops!, Whoopsadaisy!) in spoken British English. The data (drawn from the Spoken BNC2014) are coded for age, gender, social grade and type of dyad to identify potential factors governing the discursive use of these interjections. Based on 140 relevant tokens, the results suggest that: 1) The individual interjections vary significantly regarding how frequently they are found in discursive uses (p<0.001***). 2) Whoopsadaisy! is not attested in discursive uses. 3) Young female speakers behave differently from the other speaker groups in that they use emotive interjections discursively significantly more frequently (p=0.006***). 4) Female speakers in general use a wider range of interjections discursively: Ow! and Whoops! in discursive uses were absent from male speech. 5) Socio-economic status is irrelevant, as is 6) type of speaker dyad. Thus, the social life of emotive interjections is mainly influenced by speaker gender, and if the speakers are female, also by their age.
{"title":"The social life of emotive interjections in spoken British English","authors":"Ulrike Stange","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V10I1.114677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the discursive use of selected emotive interjections (Ow!, Ouch!; Ugh!, Yuck!; Whoops!, Whoopsadaisy!) in spoken British English. The data (drawn from the Spoken BNC2014) are coded for age, gender, social grade and type of dyad to identify potential factors governing the discursive use of these interjections. Based on 140 relevant tokens, the results suggest that: 1) The individual interjections vary significantly regarding how frequently they are found in discursive uses (p<0.001***). 2) Whoopsadaisy! is not attested in discursive uses. 3) Young female speakers behave differently from the other speaker groups in that they use emotive interjections discursively significantly more frequently (p=0.006***). 4) Female speakers in general use a wider range of interjections discursively: Ow! and Whoops! in discursive uses were absent from male speech. 5) Socio-economic status is irrelevant, as is 6) type of speaker dyad. Thus, the social life of emotive interjections is mainly influenced by speaker gender, and if the speakers are female, also by their age.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artiklen omhandler, hvorvidt den nye skriftlige interaktion, kendt fra sms og sociale medier, udviser et fagligt og socialt potentiale, når det gælder undervisning. Først udvikler artiklen begrebet om skriftlig interaktion ud fra en kritisk diskussion af Niklas Luhmanns systemteoretiske kommunikationssociologi. Herefter undersøges empirisk om skriftlig interaktion gennem digitale medier kan rumme et fagligt og socialt potentiale. I artiklen argumenteres for, at undervisning hidtil primært er blevet praktiseret som mundtlig interaktion inden for klasserummets fire vægge, repræsenterende skolens omverden gennem bl.a. lærebøger. I et digitaliseret samfund bliver det imidlertid muligt at skabe undervisning, hvor undervisningsinteraktion i højere grad kan være både skriftlig og mundtlig, og dermed give flere interaktionsmuligheder end tidligere, samtidig med at en del af denne interaktion kan ske med omverden.
{"title":"Skriftlig interaktion i skolen","authors":"Jesper Tække, Michael Paulsen","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V9I1.109456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V9I1.109456","url":null,"abstract":"Artiklen omhandler, hvorvidt den nye skriftlige interaktion, kendt fra sms og sociale medier, udviser et fagligt og socialt potentiale, når det gælder undervisning. Først udvikler artiklen begrebet om skriftlig interaktion ud fra en kritisk diskussion af Niklas Luhmanns systemteoretiske kommunikationssociologi. Herefter undersøges empirisk om skriftlig interaktion gennem digitale medier kan rumme et fagligt og socialt potentiale. I artiklen argumenteres for, at undervisning hidtil primært er blevet praktiseret som mundtlig interaktion inden for klasserummets fire vægge, repræsenterende skolens omverden gennem bl.a. lærebøger. I et digitaliseret samfund bliver det imidlertid muligt at skabe undervisning, hvor undervisningsinteraktion i højere grad kan være både skriftlig og mundtlig, og dermed give flere interaktionsmuligheder end tidligere, samtidig med at en del af denne interaktion kan ske med omverden.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121984911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denne artikel præsenterer en analyse af tre samtale grammatiske fænomener, nemlig partiklerne altså, øhm og hm, som de bruges i to Facebookgrupper, og er motiveret af et ønske om at forstå, hvordan sådanne fænomener, der ellers har været mest for bun det med talesproget, kan forekomme på skrift på nettet. Efter en introduktion til undersøgelsens metodisk-teoretiske fundament, nemlig samtaleanalyse, digital samtaleanalyse og samtalegrammatikken, samt en introduktion til undersøgelsens data, analyseres partiklerne. Altså bruges til at retfærdiggøre afvigelser fra interaktionens progression og vise den som nødvendig, mens øhm og hm bruges til at markere, at noget i interaktionen ses som problematisk. Øhm indleder kommentarer, der ikke samarbejder med resten af interaktionen på et strukturelt plan (er ikke-samordnende eller disalligning), og bruges til at vise, at noget i interaktionen udgør et alvorligt problem for ytreren. Hm indleder kommentarer, der samarbejder på et strukturelt plan, men indeholder et aff ektivt problem (er frasluttende eller disaffi liating), og bruges til at vise, at ytreren har visse forbehold over for noget i interaktionen. Undersøgelsen illustrerer partiklernes interaktionelle funktioner og viser derigennem, at samtalegrammatik fi ndes på Facebook, og at samtaleanalyse og samtalegrammatik er meningsfulde rammeværktøjer i studiet af skrift lig online interaktion. Facebookkommunikationens interaktionelle natur gives som forklaring på samtalegrammatikkens forekomst på skrift.
{"title":"Samtalegrammatik i skriftlig online interaktion","authors":"M. Jørgensen","doi":"10.7146/SSS.V9I1.109462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/SSS.V9I1.109462","url":null,"abstract":"Denne artikel præsenterer en analyse af tre samtale grammatiske fænomener, nemlig partiklerne altså, øhm og hm, som de bruges i to Facebookgrupper, og er motiveret af et ønske om at forstå, hvordan sådanne fænomener, der ellers har været mest for bun det med talesproget, kan forekomme på skrift på nettet. Efter en introduktion til undersøgelsens metodisk-teoretiske fundament, nemlig samtaleanalyse, digital samtaleanalyse og samtalegrammatikken, samt en introduktion til undersøgelsens data, analyseres partiklerne. Altså bruges til at retfærdiggøre afvigelser fra interaktionens progression og vise den som nødvendig, mens øhm og hm bruges til at markere, at noget i interaktionen ses som problematisk. Øhm indleder kommentarer, der ikke samarbejder med resten af interaktionen på et strukturelt plan (er ikke-samordnende eller disalligning), og bruges til at vise, at noget i interaktionen udgør et alvorligt problem for ytreren. Hm indleder kommentarer, der samarbejder på et strukturelt plan, men indeholder et aff ektivt problem (er frasluttende eller disaffi liating), og bruges til at vise, at ytreren har visse forbehold over for noget i interaktionen. Undersøgelsen illustrerer partiklernes interaktionelle funktioner og viser derigennem, at samtalegrammatik fi ndes på Facebook, og at samtaleanalyse og samtalegrammatik er meningsfulde rammeværktøjer i studiet af skrift lig online interaktion. Facebookkommunikationens interaktionelle natur gives som forklaring på samtalegrammatikkens forekomst på skrift.","PeriodicalId":233772,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Studies in Language","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115491838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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