Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2026.102734
Thibaut Morel-Journel , Christophe Guyeux , Christophe Sola
Lineage 1 is an ancestral lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprising five sublineages. In a previous study, we suggested that a representative of sublineage L1.1.3, present in both Mozambique and northern Brazil, SIT129, may have been brought to Brazil by sea during the long history of slavery that lasted, between Africa and Brazil, from the early 16th century to the mid-19th century. In this study, using a combination of new comparative genomics results and human migration data extracted from the SlaveVoyages.org database, we sought to more precisely reconstruct the scenario for the introduction of L1 genotypes into Brazil. We present results showing substantial similarities between the MTBC population structure in present-day Mozambique and Brazil across three subclades, L1.1.2, L1.1.3, and L1.2.2, and convergent historical data. Indeed, several introductions between the 16th and 19th centuries could explain the higher contemporary prevalence of L1 in northern Brazil. Our data do not allow us to decide between a direct introduction of L1 isolates into northern Brazil and intra-Brazilian transmission from the main southern ports, which seems likely. Other less likely scenarios are also discussed.
{"title":"Migrations and Tuberculosis: A comparative study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic population structure in Brazil and Mozambique to historical triangular slave trade knowledge to reconstruct the origins of tuberculosis infections caused by Lineage 1 in Brazil","authors":"Thibaut Morel-Journel , Christophe Guyeux , Christophe Sola","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lineage 1 is an ancestral lineage of the <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex (MTBC) comprising five sublineages. In a previous study, we suggested that a representative of sublineage L1.1.3, present in both Mozambique and northern Brazil, SIT129, may have been brought to Brazil by sea during the long history of slavery that lasted, between Africa and Brazil, from the early 16th century to the mid-19th century. In this study, using a combination of new comparative genomics results and human migration data extracted from the <span><span>SlaveVoyages.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> database, we sought to more precisely reconstruct the scenario for the introduction of L1 genotypes into Brazil. We present results showing substantial similarities between the MTBC population structure in present-day Mozambique and Brazil across three subclades, L1.1.2, L1.1.3, and L1.2.2, and convergent historical data. Indeed, several introductions between the 16th and 19th centuries could explain the higher contemporary prevalence of L1 in northern Brazil. Our data do not allow us to decide between a direct introduction of L1 isolates into northern Brazil and intra-Brazilian transmission from the main southern ports, which seems likely. Other less likely scenarios are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 102734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2026.102732
César N. Pereira , Raquel S.B. Câmara , Daniela P. Lage , Laís V.A. Corrêa , Camila S. Freitas , Ana L. Silva , Nathália C. Galvani , Mariana M. Cardoso , Bárbara P.N. Assis , Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli , Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila , Alexsandro S. Galdino , Unaí Tupinambás , Lílian L. Bueno , Ricardo T. Fujiwara , Manoel O. da Costa Rocha , Denise U. Gonçalves , Myron Christodoulides , Ana T. Chaves , Eduardo A.F. Coelho , Isabela A.G. Pereira
The diagnosis of leprosy remains challenging due to its clinical similarity with other infectious diseases and the variable sensitivity and specificity of current laboratory tests. Therefore, the identification and/or development of novel antigens is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we designed a novel recombinant multi-polypeptide construct, termed M3, which was composed of specific B-cell epitopes from nine Mycobacterium leprae proteins, previously shown to be antigenic in leprosy. The recombinant M3 protein was expressed, purified, and evaluated as an antigen for the diagnosis of both paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) disease, by using paired serum and urine samples from 380 participants. ELISA was performed using samples from PB (n = 50) and MB (n = 55) leprosy patients, their household contacts [PBC (n = 30) and MBC (n = 40), respectively], healthy individuals living in endemic region (n = 55), and patients with visceral (n = 30) and tegumentary (n = 45) leishmaniasis, Chagas disease (n = 35), tuberculosis (n = 15), and HIV-infection (n = 25). In serum-based ELISA, M3 showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Youden index of 94.5 %, 100 %, 96.8 %, 97.4 %, and 0.91, respectively; whilst in a urine-based ELISA, the corresponding values were 96.4 %, 100 %, 98.8 %, 98.2 %, and 0.96, respectively. Additionally, paired serum and urine samples from 15 PB and 20 MB patients collected before and after treatment, revealed that anti-M3 antibodies decreased by more than 50 % post-therapy when using both analytes. These pilot findings suggest a potential biological role of the recombinant M3 protein for diagnosis of PB and MB leprosy.
{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of a novel recombinant multi-epitope protein for paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy","authors":"César N. Pereira , Raquel S.B. Câmara , Daniela P. Lage , Laís V.A. Corrêa , Camila S. Freitas , Ana L. Silva , Nathália C. Galvani , Mariana M. Cardoso , Bárbara P.N. Assis , Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli , Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila , Alexsandro S. Galdino , Unaí Tupinambás , Lílian L. Bueno , Ricardo T. Fujiwara , Manoel O. da Costa Rocha , Denise U. Gonçalves , Myron Christodoulides , Ana T. Chaves , Eduardo A.F. Coelho , Isabela A.G. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diagnosis of leprosy remains challenging due to its clinical similarity with other infectious diseases and the variable sensitivity and specificity of current laboratory tests. Therefore, the identification and/or development of novel antigens is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we designed a novel recombinant multi-polypeptide construct, termed M3, which was composed of specific B-cell epitopes from nine <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em> proteins, previously shown to be antigenic in leprosy. The recombinant M3 protein was expressed, purified, and evaluated as an antigen for the diagnosis of both paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) disease, by using paired serum and urine samples from 380 participants. ELISA was performed using samples from PB (n = 50) and MB (n = 55) leprosy patients, their household contacts [PBC (n = 30) and MBC (n = 40), respectively], healthy individuals living in endemic region (n = 55), and patients with visceral (n = 30) and tegumentary (n = 45) leishmaniasis, Chagas disease (n = 35), tuberculosis (n = 15), and HIV-infection (n = 25). In serum-based ELISA, M3 showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Youden index of 94.5 %, 100 %, 96.8 %, 97.4 %, and 0.91, respectively; whilst in a urine-based ELISA, the corresponding values were 96.4 %, 100 %, 98.8 %, 98.2 %, and 0.96, respectively. Additionally, paired serum and urine samples from 15 PB and 20 MB patients collected before and after treatment, revealed that anti-M3 antibodies decreased by more than 50 % post-therapy when using both analytes. These pilot findings suggest a potential biological role of the recombinant M3 protein for diagnosis of PB and MB leprosy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 102732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a significant global health concern. While zoonotic transmission of M. bovis from cattle to humans is well documented, reverse zoonotic transmission of M. tuberculosis from humans to cattle has received far less attention. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of M. tuberculosis infections in cattle, drawing on evidence from farms, households, and slaughterhouses where human–animal contact is most intense. Available data indicate that such spillover events are uncommon compared with M. bovis infection, and that infectious humans—via aerosols or sputum-contaminated feed or environments—represent the primary, and likely exclusive source of infection for cattle, as no sustained cattle-to-cattle transmission has been reported. Experimental M. tuberculosis infection in cattle consistently demonstrates an attenuated phenotype, with mild pathology and low bacterial loads. However, the identification of multidrug-resistant and pre–extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in cattle raises a potential future concern regarding cross-species transmission, despite the fact that transmission back to humans has not been observed yet. Enhancing routine molecular diagnostics is vital for precise MTBC differentiation and a better grasp of cross-species transmission dynamics. A unified One Health strategy, which combines human, animal, and environmental monitoring, is essential to track and address this emerging threat.
{"title":"Reverse zoonosis in bovine tuberculosis: The neglected threat of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cattle","authors":"Vaishnavi Vivekanandan , Arun K , Sindhu Hasini Doredla , Harini Ramanujam , Ranjani Singaraj , Kannan Palaniyandi","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by members of the <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex (MTBC), remains a significant global health concern. While zoonotic transmission of <em>M. bovis</em> from cattle to humans is well documented, reverse zoonotic transmission of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> from humans to cattle has received far less attention. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infections in cattle, drawing on evidence from farms, households, and slaughterhouses where human–animal contact is most intense. Available data indicate that such spillover events are uncommon compared with <em>M. bovis</em> infection, and that infectious humans—via aerosols or sputum-contaminated feed or environments—represent the primary, and likely exclusive source of infection for cattle, as no sustained cattle-to-cattle transmission has been reported. Experimental <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection in cattle consistently demonstrates an attenuated phenotype, with mild pathology and low bacterial loads. However, the identification of multidrug-resistant and pre–extensively drug-resistant <em>M. tuberculosis</em> strains in cattle raises a potential future concern regarding cross-species transmission, despite the fact that transmission back to humans has not been observed yet. Enhancing routine molecular diagnostics is vital for precise MTBC differentiation and a better grasp of cross-species transmission dynamics. A unified One Health strategy, which combines human, animal, and environmental monitoring, is essential to track and address this emerging threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 102731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2026.102736
Risha Hazarika , Sanjukta Patra
Introduction
One of the biggest challenges associated with tuberculosis is the emerging drug resistance which emphasizes the need of alternative therapeutic approaches. In recent years, multitargeting approach for TB therapy has garnered considerable attention. The Antigen85 complex of proteins represent key enzymes which are involved in Mtb cell wall biosynthesis. This study aims at investigating the antimycobacterial effects of Centella asiatica and its two compounds - asiatic acid and quercetin against these three proteins and validate them as multi targets for drug targeting.
Methods
Three-fold validation approach included in-silico studies, in-vitro inhibitory studies against MtbH37Ra strain and inhibition studies against recombinant enzymes.
Results
Displaying good bioavailability, asiatic acid and quercetin exhibited favorable binding affinities. Disruption of the integrity of the cell membrane of MtbH37Ra was observed through electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Both compounds and extract showed inhibitory activity against the enzymes and microorganism and were found to act synergistically in conjunction with isoniazid. Asiatic acid demonstrated bactericidal activity. The reduced reaction rate of the recombinant enzymes implied their function and activity were hampered, which was confirmed through a fluorometric assay.
Conclusion
These results highlight the potential of asiatic acid and quercetin as multitarget inhibitors of the Mtb Antigen85 complex.
{"title":"Targeting the antigen 85 complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A three-fold validation of antimycobacterial activity of Centella asiatica","authors":"Risha Hazarika , Sanjukta Patra","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2026.102736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>One of the biggest challenges associated with tuberculosis is the emerging drug resistance which emphasizes the need of alternative therapeutic approaches. In recent years, multitargeting approach for TB therapy has garnered considerable attention. The Antigen85 complex of proteins represent key enzymes which are involved in <em>Mtb</em> cell wall biosynthesis. This study aims at investigating the antimycobacterial effects of <em>Centella asiatica</em> and its two compounds - asiatic acid and quercetin against these three proteins and validate them as multi targets for drug targeting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-fold validation approach included <em>in-silico</em> studies, <em>in-vitro</em> inhibitory studies against <em>Mtb</em>H37Ra strain and inhibition studies against recombinant enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Displaying good bioavailability, asiatic acid and quercetin exhibited favorable binding affinities. Disruption of the integrity of the cell membrane of <em>Mtb</em>H37Ra was observed through electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Both compounds and extract showed inhibitory activity against the enzymes and microorganism and were found to act synergistically in conjunction with isoniazid. Asiatic acid demonstrated bactericidal activity. The reduced reaction rate of the recombinant enzymes implied their function and activity were hampered, which was confirmed through a fluorometric assay.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results highlight the potential of asiatic acid and quercetin as multitarget inhibitors of the <em>Mtb</em> Antigen85 complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 102736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2025.102710
Eileen M. Murphy , G. Michael Taylor , Tom A. Mendum , Graham R. Stewart
Eight burials from the multi-period rural settlement site of Ranelagh near Roscommon town, Ireland, with palaeopathological lesions suggestive of skeletal tuberculosis or brucellosis were examined by ancient DNA (aDNA) testing. Tuberculosis infection (MTB complex DNA) was confirmed in five individuals – an 11th-13th CE adolescent female (14.5–17.5 years), two young adults females (18–35 years, 7th-10th CE), one adolescent of unknown sex and one middle-aged adult (35–50 years, medieval in date). In the latter case, the differential diagnosis included brucellosis due to the presence of small multifocal lytic lesions in the lower spinal vertebrae. However, this individual and all cases tested negative for Brucella species DNA. In two positive cases, lineage 4 (Euro-American) Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was identified in extracts obtained from tooth pulp cavities. These are the first archaeological individuals from Ireland to have had tuberculosis infection confirmed through aDNA analysis.
{"title":"First confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from medieval Ireland by aDNA analysis – palaeopathological and microbial findings","authors":"Eileen M. Murphy , G. Michael Taylor , Tom A. Mendum , Graham R. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eight burials from the multi-period rural settlement site of Ranelagh near Roscommon town, Ireland, with palaeopathological lesions suggestive of skeletal tuberculosis or brucellosis were examined by ancient DNA (aDNA) testing. Tuberculosis infection (MTB complex DNA) was confirmed in five individuals – an 11th-13th CE adolescent female (14.5–17.5 years), two young adults females (18–35 years, 7th-10th CE), one adolescent of unknown sex and one middle-aged adult (35–50 years, medieval in date). In the latter case, the differential diagnosis included brucellosis due to the presence of small multifocal lytic lesions in the lower spinal vertebrae. However, this individual and all cases tested negative for <em>Brucella</em> species DNA. In two positive cases, lineage 4 (Euro-American) <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> DNA was identified in extracts obtained from tooth pulp cavities. These are the first archaeological individuals from Ireland to have had tuberculosis infection confirmed through aDNA analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2025.102722
Safiya Mehraj , Shazia Ali , Chetan Kumar , Asif Ali , Zahoor Ahmad
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Inhibition of mycobacteria proliferation in macrophages by diaryl ether derivatives of Dehydrozingerone compound and repurposed drugs (Rebamipide, Sofalcone) via NF-κB pathway inhibition” [Tuberculosis, 155(2025), 102706]","authors":"Safiya Mehraj , Shazia Ali , Chetan Kumar , Asif Ali , Zahoor Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102722","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2025.102723
Qiangsen Zhong , Xiaochun Wang , Yun Xu , Runlin Wang , Mingming Zhou , Xinkuang Liu
{"title":"Response to “Constructive appraisal of Zhong et al.’s study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormant antigens and PB2-DIMQ vaccine: Opportunities for translational strengthening”","authors":"Qiangsen Zhong , Xiaochun Wang , Yun Xu , Runlin Wang , Mingming Zhou , Xinkuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2025.102720
Anuradha Rajamanickam , Evangeline Ann Daniel , Nikhil Gupte , Kannan Thiruvengadam , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Sathyamurthi Pattabiraman , Brindha Bhanu , Amsaveni Sivaprakasam , Mandar Paradkar , Vandana Kulkarni , Rajesh Karyakarte , Vidya Mave , Amita Gupta , Luke Elizabeth Hanna , Subash Babu
Background
Identifying host biomarkers associated with progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) could support early risk stratification in household contacts (HHCs). This exploratory study evaluated baseline plasma immune biomarkers in HHCs of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients to assess their association with subsequent disease development.
Methods
We analyzed baseline plasma samples from 15 progressors and 29 non-progressors enrolled from PTB-affected households. Acute-phase proteins (α-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M), C-reactive protein [CRP], haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid P (SAP)) and microbial translocation markers (lipopolysaccharide, lipid-binding protein, endotoxin core antibodies IgG, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein [iFABP], sCD14, and zonulin) were measured using Luminex and ELISA. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed as exploratory assessments of biomarker associations.
Results
Higher baseline levels of CRP, iFABP, and zonulin were observed among progressors compared with non-progressors. In univariable analyses, these biomarkers showed strong discriminatory ability (AUC ≥0.90), although estimates should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. A combined model including CRP, iFABP, and zonulin demonstrated high discriminatory performance (AUC 0.99 [95 % CI: 0.97–1.00]), but confidence intervals reflect the imprecision inherent to the limited dataset.
Conclusions
In this exploratory cohort, elevated CRP, iFABP, and zonulin were associated with progression to active TB among household contacts. These preliminary findings suggest potential involvement of inflammatory and gut-barrier pathways in TB progression and warrant validation in larger, independent cohorts to define their translational utility.
{"title":"Plasma biomarkers CRP, iFABP, and zonulin as predictors of tuberculosis progression in household contacts of pulmonary TB patients","authors":"Anuradha Rajamanickam , Evangeline Ann Daniel , Nikhil Gupte , Kannan Thiruvengadam , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Sathyamurthi Pattabiraman , Brindha Bhanu , Amsaveni Sivaprakasam , Mandar Paradkar , Vandana Kulkarni , Rajesh Karyakarte , Vidya Mave , Amita Gupta , Luke Elizabeth Hanna , Subash Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Identifying host biomarkers associated with progression from <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection to active tuberculosis (TB) could support early risk stratification in household contacts (HHCs). This exploratory study evaluated baseline plasma immune biomarkers in HHCs of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients to assess their association with subsequent disease development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed baseline plasma samples from 15 progressors and 29 non-progressors enrolled from PTB-affected households. Acute-phase proteins (α-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M), C-reactive protein [CRP], haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid P (SAP)) and microbial translocation markers (lipopolysaccharide, lipid-binding protein, endotoxin core antibodies IgG, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein [iFABP], sCD14, and zonulin) were measured using Luminex and ELISA. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed as exploratory assessments of biomarker associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher baseline levels of CRP, iFABP, and zonulin were observed among progressors compared with non-progressors. In univariable analyses, these biomarkers showed strong discriminatory ability (AUC ≥0.90), although estimates should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. A combined model including CRP, iFABP, and zonulin demonstrated high discriminatory performance (AUC 0.99 [95 % CI: 0.97–1.00]), but confidence intervals reflect the imprecision inherent to the limited dataset.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this exploratory cohort, elevated CRP, iFABP, and zonulin were associated with progression to active TB among household contacts. These preliminary findings suggest potential involvement of inflammatory and gut-barrier pathways in TB progression and warrant validation in larger, independent cohorts to define their translational utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2025.102721
K.M. Venkatesh , Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos , Sandeep K. Gupta , Garry B. Udy , Richard Laven , Shih-Jiuan Chiu , Piyush Bugde , Yoichi Furuya , Venkata Sayoji Rao Dukkipati
{"title":"Responses to comments on “A comparative study between milk- and serum-based antibody detection assays for Johne's disease in New Zealand dairy cattle”","authors":"K.M. Venkatesh , Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos , Sandeep K. Gupta , Garry B. Udy , Richard Laven , Shih-Jiuan Chiu , Piyush Bugde , Yoichi Furuya , Venkata Sayoji Rao Dukkipati","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on “A comparative study between milk- and serum-based antibody detection assays for Johne's disease in New Zealand dairy cattle”","authors":"Arun Kumar, Ankur Sharma, Saumya Das, Preeti Dnyandeo Sonje, Dhanya Dedeepya","doi":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tube.2025.102719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23383,"journal":{"name":"Tuberculosis","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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