The TreeMap 2016 dataset provides detailed spatial information on forest characteristics including number of live and dead trees, biomass, and carbon across the entire forested extent of the continental United States at 30 × 30m resolution, enabling analyses at finer scales where forest inventory is inadequate. We used a random forests machine learning algorithm to assign the most similar Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plot to each pixel of gridded LANDFIRE input data. The TreeMap 2016 methodology includes disturbance as a response variable, resulting in increased accuracy in mapping disturbed areas. Within-class accuracy was over 90% for forest cover, height, vegetation group, and disturbance code when compared to LANDFIRE maps. At least one pixel within the radius of validation plots matched the class of predicted values in 57.5% of cases for forest cover, 80.0% for height, 80.0% for tree species with highest basal area, and 87.4% for disturbance. A new feature of the dataset is that it includes linkages to select FIA data in an attribute table included with the TreeMap raster, allowing users to map summaries of 21 variables in a GIS. TreeMap estimates compared favorably with those from FIA at the state level for number of live and dead trees and carbon stored in live and dead trees. Study Implications: TreeMap 2016 provides a 30 × 30 m resolution gridded map of the forests of the continental United States. Attributes of each grid cell include a suite of forest characteristics including biomass, carbon, forest type, and number of live and dead trees. Users can readily produce maps and summaries of these characteristics in a GIS. The TreeMap also includes a database containing, for each pixel, a list of trees with the species, diameter, and height of each tree. TreeMap is being used in the private sector for carbon estimation and by land managers in the National Forest system to investigate questions pertaining to fuel treatments and forest productivity as well as Forest Plan revisions.
{"title":"TreeMap 2016 Dataset Generates CONUS-Wide Maps of Forest Characteristics Including Live Basal Area, Aboveground Carbon, and Number of Trees per Acre","authors":"K. Riley, Isaac C. Grenfell, J. Shaw, M. Finney","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The TreeMap 2016 dataset provides detailed spatial information on forest characteristics including number of live and dead trees, biomass, and carbon across the entire forested extent of the continental United States at 30 × 30m resolution, enabling analyses at finer scales where forest inventory is inadequate. We used a random forests machine learning algorithm to assign the most similar Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plot to each pixel of gridded LANDFIRE input data. The TreeMap 2016 methodology includes disturbance as a response variable, resulting in increased accuracy in mapping disturbed areas. Within-class accuracy was over 90% for forest cover, height, vegetation group, and disturbance code when compared to LANDFIRE maps. At least one pixel within the radius of validation plots matched the class of predicted values in 57.5% of cases for forest cover, 80.0% for height, 80.0% for tree species with highest basal area, and 87.4% for disturbance. A new feature of the dataset is that it includes linkages to select FIA data in an attribute table included with the TreeMap raster, allowing users to map summaries of 21 variables in a GIS. TreeMap estimates compared favorably with those from FIA at the state level for number of live and dead trees and carbon stored in live and dead trees.\u0000 Study Implications: TreeMap 2016 provides a 30 × 30 m resolution gridded map of the forests of the continental United States. Attributes of each grid cell include a suite of forest characteristics including biomass, carbon, forest type, and number of live and dead trees. Users can readily produce maps and summaries of these characteristics in a GIS. The TreeMap also includes a database containing, for each pixel, a list of trees with the species, diameter, and height of each tree. TreeMap is being used in the private sector for carbon estimation and by land managers in the National Forest system to investigate questions pertaining to fuel treatments and forest productivity as well as Forest Plan revisions.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"93 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83691171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Bettinger, K. Merry, S. Fei, A. Weiskittel, Zhao Ma
Key components of a digital forestry program (digital tools, databases, and decision-support systems) can be of great importance in the management of forests today. A general lack of knowledge of the needs of forest managers and landowners for components of digital forestry has been hypothesized. A survey regarding digital forestry tools was conducted of registered foresters from five USA states (Alabama, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, and North Carolina). Registered foresters may be private landowners or those working for organizations that meet the requirements for licensure in a state. Of the registered foresters who identified as nonindustrial private landowners, roughly half currently do not use digital technologies for forest management efforts. Of the registered foresters who identified as employees of forestry organizations, about 80% use digital technology in the management of their organization’s forests. Geographic information systems technology was the most important, followed by inventory systems, databases, and field-ready smartphone applications. Those registered foresters who had not used digital technologies in the past suggested that their usefulness for the management of their property and their lack of awareness of potential options were likely reasons for not using digital technologies. Study Implications: From surveying five eastern states in the United States, we found that forest landowners are not current users of technology, whereas those associated with forest organizations are more apt to use technologies when managing their forests. Desirable technologies used by both private landowners and forestry organizations include geographic information systems and smartphone applications, whereas those working for forestry organizations also desired inventory systems and databases. Current technology gaps were also identified.
{"title":"Usefulness and Need for Digital Technology to Assist Forest Management: Summary of Findings from a Survey of Registered Foresters","authors":"P. Bettinger, K. Merry, S. Fei, A. Weiskittel, Zhao Ma","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Key components of a digital forestry program (digital tools, databases, and decision-support systems) can be of great importance in the management of forests today. A general lack of knowledge of the needs of forest managers and landowners for components of digital forestry has been hypothesized. A survey regarding digital forestry tools was conducted of registered foresters from five USA states (Alabama, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, and North Carolina). Registered foresters may be private landowners or those working for organizations that meet the requirements for licensure in a state. Of the registered foresters who identified as nonindustrial private landowners, roughly half currently do not use digital technologies for forest management efforts. Of the registered foresters who identified as employees of forestry organizations, about 80% use digital technology in the management of their organization’s forests. Geographic information systems technology was the most important, followed by inventory systems, databases, and field-ready smartphone applications. Those registered foresters who had not used digital technologies in the past suggested that their usefulness for the management of their property and their lack of awareness of potential options were likely reasons for not using digital technologies.\u0000 Study Implications: From surveying five eastern states in the United States, we found that forest landowners are not current users of technology, whereas those associated with forest organizations are more apt to use technologies when managing their forests. Desirable technologies used by both private landowners and forestry organizations include geographic information systems and smartphone applications, whereas those working for forestry organizations also desired inventory systems and databases. Current technology gaps were also identified.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saginaw Forest in Ann Arbor, Michigan, includes the second-oldest eastern white pine plantation in the United States, with pioneering thinning experiments among the oldest in the country. With no additional silvicultural treatments occurring since at least the 1950s, we report on the current condition of four planting lots near their century mark to provide silvicultural, cultural, and historical perspectives. Stand density and tree diameter in 2017 were similar across the four lots, all having a significant number of trees > 50 cm diameter at breast height. Tree ring widths suggest that diameter growth was responsive to thinning treatments that occurred before 1955. Today, management geared towards site preservation as a cultural and historical landmark, with an emphasis on intensive invasive species and hardwood ingrowth control and native tree species regeneration, are likely more appropriate than a focus on silviculture. Study Implications: Saginaw Forest in Ann Arbor, Michigan contains the second-oldest eastern white pine plantation in the United States. It underwent pioneering forest thinning experiments that pre-dated similar experiments in the oldest eastern white pine plantation at the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. Silvicultural treatments have not occurred since the 1950s, but the effects of historical thinning treatments are evident today across four planting lots. We summarize the current conditions of this important forestry site, noting a serious threat by invasive species and hardwood ingrowth that should be targeted as a means of preserving this important cultural and historical landmark.
{"title":"Structure and Growth of Century-Old White Pine Plantations in Saginaw Forest, Southeastern Michigan, USA","authors":"D. Kashian, B. V. Barnes","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Saginaw Forest in Ann Arbor, Michigan, includes the second-oldest eastern white pine plantation in the United States, with pioneering thinning experiments among the oldest in the country. With no additional silvicultural treatments occurring since at least the 1950s, we report on the current condition of four planting lots near their century mark to provide silvicultural, cultural, and historical perspectives. Stand density and tree diameter in 2017 were similar across the four lots, all having a significant number of trees > 50 cm diameter at breast height. Tree ring widths suggest that diameter growth was responsive to thinning treatments that occurred before 1955. Today, management geared towards site preservation as a cultural and historical landmark, with an emphasis on intensive invasive species and hardwood ingrowth control and native tree species regeneration, are likely more appropriate than a focus on silviculture.\u0000 Study Implications: Saginaw Forest in Ann Arbor, Michigan contains the second-oldest eastern white pine plantation in the United States. It underwent pioneering forest thinning experiments that pre-dated similar experiments in the oldest eastern white pine plantation at the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. Silvicultural treatments have not occurred since the 1950s, but the effects of historical thinning treatments are evident today across four planting lots. We summarize the current conditions of this important forestry site, noting a serious threat by invasive species and hardwood ingrowth that should be targeted as a means of preserving this important cultural and historical landmark.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86897155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katie McGrath Novak, Sarah McCaffrey, Courtney A. Schultz
Researchers and practitioners often emphasize the importance of effective community engagement around forest management projects to address possible barriers to implementation related to a lack of social acceptance. Using qualitative methods, we examined a public outreach program to understand the goals and perceptions of those providing and receiving information about forest management. We found that many community members were initially drawn to learn about wildfire risk mitigation, but their informational needs shifted toward broader forest ecology over time, suggesting that communication strategies and topics must also evolve over time. Some common terms used by land management professionals were unclear to public audiences, sometimes leading to feelings of dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were perceived by information providers and community members to be useful strategies for outreach. Our findings can be used to improve ongoing outreach in this study area and inform similar efforts elsewhere. Study Implications: We interviewed community members and land management professionals to understand what they believe to be effective forms of public outreach related to prescribed fire. We found that community members’ goals for learning changed over time, requiring outreach efforts to cover a range of topics and strategies. Community members were unfamiliar with some agency jargon, leading to confusion and dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were widely considered to be the most useful outreach strategies. Our work can be applied to improve similar outreach programs in other areas in the future.
{"title":"Comparing Land Manager and Community Perceptions of a Colorado Prescribed Fire Outreach Program","authors":"Katie McGrath Novak, Sarah McCaffrey, Courtney A. Schultz","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Researchers and practitioners often emphasize the importance of effective community engagement around forest management projects to address possible barriers to implementation related to a lack of social acceptance. Using qualitative methods, we examined a public outreach program to understand the goals and perceptions of those providing and receiving information about forest management. We found that many community members were initially drawn to learn about wildfire risk mitigation, but their informational needs shifted toward broader forest ecology over time, suggesting that communication strategies and topics must also evolve over time. Some common terms used by land management professionals were unclear to public audiences, sometimes leading to feelings of dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were perceived by information providers and community members to be useful strategies for outreach. Our findings can be used to improve ongoing outreach in this study area and inform similar efforts elsewhere.\u0000 Study Implications: We interviewed community members and land management professionals to understand what they believe to be effective forms of public outreach related to prescribed fire. We found that community members’ goals for learning changed over time, requiring outreach efforts to cover a range of topics and strategies. Community members were unfamiliar with some agency jargon, leading to confusion and dissatisfaction with outreach. One-on-one meetings and experiential group learning were widely considered to be the most useful outreach strategies. Our work can be applied to improve similar outreach programs in other areas in the future.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86365426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overall interest and involvement in forestry is relatively low for students of color compared to other STEM programs. This exploratory study aims to further understand the reasons graduate students of color in a National Needs Fellowship (NNF) program decide to pursue a career in forestry. Initial survey data showed that graduate students of color are motivated by pursuing specific forestry topics in the field while also having differing expectations with regard to career and financial opportunities. The results of this study could provide ideas on opportunities NNF-funded and other programs can take to further support diversity in the field of forestry; however, more research is needed. Given the results of this pilot study, it is important to note that students of color who accept a graduate fellowship do so with goals of exploring a particular interest in the field of forestry. An assumption also exists that their degrees and experiences in certain graduate fellowship programs will yield long-term benefits, such as employment opportunities and high salaries. However, additional information would be helpful in strengthening the results of this study, which could include increasing the number of participants for more quantitative data or collecting qualitative data to gather additional details and information on the survey responses.
{"title":"Diversifying the Field of Forestry Through a Graduate Fellowship Program: A Pilot Study on the Expectations of Students of Color","authors":"Aaron A Arenas, P. Spence, C. Nilon, Z. Leggett","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Overall interest and involvement in forestry is relatively low for students of color compared to other STEM programs. This exploratory study aims to further understand the reasons graduate students of color in a National Needs Fellowship (NNF) program decide to pursue a career in forestry. Initial survey data showed that graduate students of color are motivated by pursuing specific forestry topics in the field while also having differing expectations with regard to career and financial opportunities. The results of this study could provide ideas on opportunities NNF-funded and other programs can take to further support diversity in the field of forestry; however, more research is needed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Given the results of this pilot study, it is important to note that students of color who accept a graduate fellowship do so with goals of exploring a particular interest in the field of forestry. An assumption also exists that their degrees and experiences in certain graduate fellowship programs will yield long-term benefits, such as employment opportunities and high salaries. However, additional information would be helpful in strengthening the results of this study, which could include increasing the number of participants for more quantitative data or collecting qualitative data to gather additional details and information on the survey responses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A common forest restoration goal is to achieve a spatial distribution of trees consistent with historical forest structure, which can be characterized by the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings (ICO). With the stated goal of restoring historical spatial patterns comes a need for effectiveness monitoring at appropriate spatial scales. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can be used to identify individual tree locations and collect data at landscape scales, offering a method of analyzing tree spatial distributions over the scales at which forest restoration is conducted. In this study, we investigated whether tree locations identified by airborne LiDAR data can be used with existing spatial analysis methods to quantify ICO distributions for use in restoration effectiveness monitoring. Results showed fewer large clumps and large openings, and more small clumps and small openings relative to historical spatial patterns, suggesting that the methods investigated in this study can be used to monitor whether restoration efforts are successful at achieving desired tree spatial patterns. Study Implications: Achieving a desired spatial pattern is often a goal of forest restoration. Monitoring for spatial pattern, however, can be complex and time-consuming in the field. LiDAR technology offers the ability to analyze spatial pattern at landscape scales. Preexisting methods for evaluation of the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings were used in this study along with LiDAR individual tree detection methodology to assess whether a forest restoration project implemented in a Southern Oregon landscape achieved desired spatial patterns.
{"title":"Using Airborne LiDAR to Monitor Spatial Patterns in South Central Oregon Dry Mixed-Conifer Forest","authors":"Julia Olszewski, C. Bienz, Amy Markus","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A common forest restoration goal is to achieve a spatial distribution of trees consistent with historical forest structure, which can be characterized by the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings (ICO). With the stated goal of restoring historical spatial patterns comes a need for effectiveness monitoring at appropriate spatial scales. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can be used to identify individual tree locations and collect data at landscape scales, offering a method of analyzing tree spatial distributions over the scales at which forest restoration is conducted. In this study, we investigated whether tree locations identified by airborne LiDAR data can be used with existing spatial analysis methods to quantify ICO distributions for use in restoration effectiveness monitoring. Results showed fewer large clumps and large openings, and more small clumps and small openings relative to historical spatial patterns, suggesting that the methods investigated in this study can be used to monitor whether restoration efforts are successful at achieving desired tree spatial patterns.\u0000 Study Implications: Achieving a desired spatial pattern is often a goal of forest restoration. Monitoring for spatial pattern, however, can be complex and time-consuming in the field. LiDAR technology offers the ability to analyze spatial pattern at landscape scales. Preexisting methods for evaluation of the distribution of individuals, clumps, and openings were used in this study along with LiDAR individual tree detection methodology to assess whether a forest restoration project implemented in a Southern Oregon landscape achieved desired spatial patterns.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89550564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Fettig, C. Asaro, J. Nowak, K. Dodds, K. Gandhi, Jason E. Moan, J. Robert
Of the more than five hundred and fifty species of North American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), approximately twenty species occasionally cause large amounts of tree mortality in conifer forests. During 2000–2020, trends in bark beetle impacts changed dramatically across North America compared to those observed during the mid- to late 20th century. We review tools and tactics available for bark beetle suppression and prevention and provide an overview of temporal and spatial trends in bark beetle impacts in North American forests during 2000–2020. Higher impacts were observed for several bark beetle species in western North America accompanied by substantial declines in eastern North America driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. Regional differences likely result from a higher species richness of both bark beetles and their hosts in western North America, stronger direct and indirect effects of climate change (warming and drying) on bark beetles in western North America, and differences in forest composition, management history, and other abiotic stressors and disturbances. Compared to the mid- to late 20th century, bark beetles have had increased impacts in western North America and reduced impacts in eastern North America, the latter driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. We review tools and tactics available to foresters and other natural resource managers to reduce the negative impacts of bark beetles on forests. Furthermore, we provide several potential explanations for recent trends in bark beetle impacts between eastern and western North America.
{"title":"Trends in Bark Beetle Impacts in North America During a Period (2000–2020) of Rapid Environmental Change","authors":"C. Fettig, C. Asaro, J. Nowak, K. Dodds, K. Gandhi, Jason E. Moan, J. Robert","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the more than five hundred and fifty species of North American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), approximately twenty species occasionally cause large amounts of tree mortality in conifer forests. During 2000–2020, trends in bark beetle impacts changed dramatically across North America compared to those observed during the mid- to late 20th century. We review tools and tactics available for bark beetle suppression and prevention and provide an overview of temporal and spatial trends in bark beetle impacts in North American forests during 2000–2020. Higher impacts were observed for several bark beetle species in western North America accompanied by substantial declines in eastern North America driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. Regional differences likely result from a higher species richness of both bark beetles and their hosts in western North America, stronger direct and indirect effects of climate change (warming and drying) on bark beetles in western North America, and differences in forest composition, management history, and other abiotic stressors and disturbances.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to the mid- to late 20th century, bark beetles have had increased impacts in western North America and reduced impacts in eastern North America, the latter driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. We review tools and tactics available to foresters and other natural resource managers to reduce the negative impacts of bark beetles on forests. Furthermore, we provide several potential explanations for recent trends in bark beetle impacts between eastern and western North America.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84354454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous threats to urban forests are assessed for the conterminous United States, including projected changes in urban tree cover, air temperatures, precipitation, aridity, sea level rise, wildfires, and flooding, as well as threats from hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, and insects and diseases. All potential threats were integrated into a cumulative threat index to illustrate which areas of the United States will likely face the greatest overall threat to their urban forests. Urban forests with the greatest cumulative threat per unit area are in the eastern United States, particularly in some coastal counties. Urban forests that have the greatest cumulative threat proportional to the percent of the county that is urbanized are in the highly urbanized areas along the DC–Boston corridor and in other metro areas (e.g., Atlanta, Georgia; Indianapolis, Indiana; Columbus, Ohio; Houston, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina). By understanding local urban forest threats, management plans and policies can be enacted to help mitigate the impacts of and adapt to future threats to sustain healthy urban forests and associated benefits. Study Implications: By understanding the magnitude and variation in potential urban forest threats, forest managers can be better prepared to potentially minimize and adapt to future urban forest damage. Threat type and intensities of threats vary by location. Understanding the distribution and intensity of urban forest threats can be used to help direct policies and forest management plans to sustain long-term urban forest health. A tool to assess urban forest threats by county is available in the supplemental materials.
{"title":"Assessing Urban Forest Threats across the Conterminous United States","authors":"D. Nowak, E. Greenfield, Alexis Ellis","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Numerous threats to urban forests are assessed for the conterminous United States, including projected changes in urban tree cover, air temperatures, precipitation, aridity, sea level rise, wildfires, and flooding, as well as threats from hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, and insects and diseases. All potential threats were integrated into a cumulative threat index to illustrate which areas of the United States will likely face the greatest overall threat to their urban forests. Urban forests with the greatest cumulative threat per unit area are in the eastern United States, particularly in some coastal counties. Urban forests that have the greatest cumulative threat proportional to the percent of the county that is urbanized are in the highly urbanized areas along the DC–Boston corridor and in other metro areas (e.g., Atlanta, Georgia; Indianapolis, Indiana; Columbus, Ohio; Houston, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina). By understanding local urban forest threats, management plans and policies can be enacted to help mitigate the impacts of and adapt to future threats to sustain healthy urban forests and associated benefits.\u0000 Study Implications: By understanding the magnitude and variation in potential urban forest threats, forest managers can be better prepared to potentially minimize and adapt to future urban forest damage. Threat type and intensities of threats vary by location. Understanding the distribution and intensity of urban forest threats can be used to help direct policies and forest management plans to sustain long-term urban forest health. A tool to assess urban forest threats by county is available in the supplemental materials.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Households can experience the same wildfire event differently depending on the kinds of risks posed to them, among other factors. These experiences can influence support or opposition for local forest management. We administered a mixed-mode survey to households across three distinct groups with different sources of risk associated with the 2019 Museum Fire in Flagstaff, Arizona: houses in the wildfire evacuation areas, houses in the postfire flood-risk area, and unaffected houses within the city limits. Survey responses from 787 respondents confirmed that households experienced the Museum Fire and its associated risks differently and revealed continued support for active forest management in the Flagstaff area. Experiences, trustworthiness of information, and support for specific forest management outcomes varied across our sample populations, indicating that tailored communication may be needed for households who experience different risk associated with the same event. We conclude with considerations for communicating with the public in postfire environments. There are significant differences in perspectives and attitudes between directly and indirectly affected households that experienced the same wildfire, including varied trust in information sources and engagement in communication about wildfire and flood risk. Therefore, more targeted communication about wildfire and postfire risk and forest management that tailors outreach based on different household experiences is needed. Future efforts to investigate populations affected by wildfire should account for potentially diverse household experiences and consider how that may affect communication about forest management during windows of opportunity after wildfire events. Differentiating approaches to risk communication is particularly important during compound disasters (e.g., a flood that occurs within a wildfire-affected area) to ensure information is shared by the right outlet for a given population as risk sources begin to layer temporally.
{"title":"Characterizing Divergent Experiences with the Same Wildfire: Insights from a Survey of Households in Evacuation, Postfire Flood Risk, and Unaffected Areas After the 2019 Museum Fire","authors":"Catrin M. Edgeley, Melanie M. Colavito","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Households can experience the same wildfire event differently depending on the kinds of risks posed to them, among other factors. These experiences can influence support or opposition for local forest management. We administered a mixed-mode survey to households across three distinct groups with different sources of risk associated with the 2019 Museum Fire in Flagstaff, Arizona: houses in the wildfire evacuation areas, houses in the postfire flood-risk area, and unaffected houses within the city limits. Survey responses from 787 respondents confirmed that households experienced the Museum Fire and its associated risks differently and revealed continued support for active forest management in the Flagstaff area. Experiences, trustworthiness of information, and support for specific forest management outcomes varied across our sample populations, indicating that tailored communication may be needed for households who experience different risk associated with the same event. We conclude with considerations for communicating with the public in postfire environments.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There are significant differences in perspectives and attitudes between directly and indirectly affected households that experienced the same wildfire, including varied trust in information sources and engagement in communication about wildfire and flood risk. Therefore, more targeted communication about wildfire and postfire risk and forest management that tailors outreach based on different household experiences is needed. Future efforts to investigate populations affected by wildfire should account for potentially diverse household experiences and consider how that may affect communication about forest management during windows of opportunity after wildfire events. Differentiating approaches to risk communication is particularly important during compound disasters (e.g., a flood that occurs within a wildfire-affected area) to ensure information is shared by the right outlet for a given population as risk sources begin to layer temporally.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan W. Klein, Drew C. McLean, Andrew K. Koeser, R. Hauer, Jason W. Miesbauer, Allyson B. Salisbury
When professionals assess tree risk, they must consider the potential consequences associated with a branch or whole tree striking a person, vehicle, or structure. This process requires an assessor to determine the diameter and fall distance of a tree part and then gauge the likely damage to a target if failure occurred. The ability to accurately estimate diameter and fall distances is important, as direct measurements are not always possible. In this study, we examined whether differences exist between visual estimations and direction measurements of tree part diameters and fall distances among 106 arborists of differing experience levels. Our findings suggest arborists’ estimations were reasonably accurate in comparison to direct measurements. International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborists and experienced arborists were more accurate in diameter estimations than arborists lacking assessment experience. In contrast, nonexperienced arborists were closer in their fall distance estimations than arborists with risk assessment experience. Study Implications: Tree risk assessment is a human endeavor that can be influenced by an individual’s risk perceptions, risk tolerance, and personal bias. Training, best management practices (BMPs), and industry credentials all strive to make the tree risk assessment process more consistent among different assessors. Despite this, variability still exists among the different components considered during a risk assessment. In particular, the consequences of failure ratings (i.e., qualitative assessments of a tree’s potential to cause injury, damage, disruption, or death), have been identified as significant source of interassessor variability. In this brief communication, we evaluated how accurate risk assessors with different levels of experience and training are at estimating tree part diameters and fall distances. Limiting excess variability in this risk assessment input will ultimately help reduce differences in the assessor’s final risk ratings.
{"title":"Visual Estimation Accuracy of Tree Part Diameter and Fall Distance","authors":"Ryan W. Klein, Drew C. McLean, Andrew K. Koeser, R. Hauer, Jason W. Miesbauer, Allyson B. Salisbury","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When professionals assess tree risk, they must consider the potential consequences associated with a branch or whole tree striking a person, vehicle, or structure. This process requires an assessor to determine the diameter and fall distance of a tree part and then gauge the likely damage to a target if failure occurred. The ability to accurately estimate diameter and fall distances is important, as direct measurements are not always possible. In this study, we examined whether differences exist between visual estimations and direction measurements of tree part diameters and fall distances among 106 arborists of differing experience levels. Our findings suggest arborists’ estimations were reasonably accurate in comparison to direct measurements. International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborists and experienced arborists were more accurate in diameter estimations than arborists lacking assessment experience. In contrast, nonexperienced arborists were closer in their fall distance estimations than arborists with risk assessment experience.\u0000 Study Implications: Tree risk assessment is a human endeavor that can be influenced by an individual’s risk perceptions, risk tolerance, and personal bias. Training, best management practices (BMPs), and industry credentials all strive to make the tree risk assessment process more consistent among different assessors. Despite this, variability still exists among the different components considered during a risk assessment. In particular, the consequences of failure ratings (i.e., qualitative assessments of a tree’s potential to cause injury, damage, disruption, or death), have been identified as significant source of interassessor variability. In this brief communication, we evaluated how accurate risk assessors with different levels of experience and training are at estimating tree part diameters and fall distances. Limiting excess variability in this risk assessment input will ultimately help reduce differences in the assessor’s final risk ratings.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90122653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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