Lauren S. Pile Knapp, J. Rebbeck, T. Hutchinson, Jacob Fraser, C. C. Pinchot
Highly disturbed forests are commonplace throughout the eastern United States and their residing composition and structure is reflective of their past land use. Management and restoration efforts are complicated by diverse and abundant nonnative invasive plants, including Ailanthus altissima. Verticillium nonalfalfae has been identified as a potential native mycoherbicide option for Ailanthus. To test the efficacy of Verticillium on Ailanthus we designed a study in highly disturbed forests of southern Ohio. At each of five sites, we monitored symptomology, mortality, and rate of spread of stem-inoculated Verticillium on Ailanthus in four inoculated plots and compared it to a control plot. We also monitored native plants for Verticillium symptomology and community responses to Ailanthus control. Our results suggest that Verticillium is an effective tool for controlling Ailanthus with no observed effect on native flora. Further, Verticillium naturally spreads through stands and mortality is slow enough that other resident nonnative invasive plants do not rapidly increase. Study Implications: Managing problematic invasive plants is a costly and time-consuming endeavor that quickly overwhelms resources. The identification and development of native biocontrols will help to suppress invasive plants, especially when considered in conjunction with other control options. Native biocontrols are pests or diseases that are typically nonlethal residents of the local environment but have significant and detrimental impact on nonnative plants. The native fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae along with several other Verticillium species has been identified to kill the invasive Ailanthus altissima. Verticillium can be applied to a subset of Ailanthus stems, and through time, will spread naturally with minimal impact to native species.
{"title":"Controlling an Invasive Tree with a Native Fungus: Inoculating Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) with Verticillium nonalfalfae in Highly Disturbed Appalachian Forests of Ohio","authors":"Lauren S. Pile Knapp, J. Rebbeck, T. Hutchinson, Jacob Fraser, C. C. Pinchot","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Highly disturbed forests are commonplace throughout the eastern United States and their residing composition and structure is reflective of their past land use. Management and restoration efforts are complicated by diverse and abundant nonnative invasive plants, including Ailanthus altissima. Verticillium nonalfalfae has been identified as a potential native mycoherbicide option for Ailanthus. To test the efficacy of Verticillium on Ailanthus we designed a study in highly disturbed forests of southern Ohio. At each of five sites, we monitored symptomology, mortality, and rate of spread of stem-inoculated Verticillium on Ailanthus in four inoculated plots and compared it to a control plot. We also monitored native plants for Verticillium symptomology and community responses to Ailanthus control. Our results suggest that Verticillium is an effective tool for controlling Ailanthus with no observed effect on native flora. Further, Verticillium naturally spreads through stands and mortality is slow enough that other resident nonnative invasive plants do not rapidly increase.\u0000 Study Implications: Managing problematic invasive plants is a costly and time-consuming endeavor that quickly overwhelms resources. The identification and development of native biocontrols will help to suppress invasive plants, especially when considered in conjunction with other control options. Native biocontrols are pests or diseases that are typically nonlethal residents of the local environment but have significant and detrimental impact on nonnative plants. The native fungus Verticillium nonalfalfae along with several other Verticillium species has been identified to kill the invasive Ailanthus altissima. Verticillium can be applied to a subset of Ailanthus stems, and through time, will spread naturally with minimal impact to native species.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83162083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Matusick, S. Hudson, Caleb Garrett, James D. Kent, J. Parker
Many public land management programs in the southeastern United States have been restoring the longleaf pine forest for more than 20 years, which includes intensive treatment with fire, thinning, chemical control of competition, and tree planting. A shift to more passive management (prescribed burning alone) is anticipated once a critical level of longleaf pine has been established. It remains unclear whether this longleaf pine threshold has been reached and whether intensive management should continue at Fort Benning, Georgia. Using the Landis-II forest landscape model, changes in tree species and forest types were estimated from 2017 to 2117 under four forest management scenarios, ranging from passive (“burn only”) to intensive (“proactive”). The desired future condition includes 75% of upland forest dominated by longleaf pine (>49.5% composition). The proactive scenario resulted in the desired future forest condition, whereas reactive and passive scenarios did not. These results suggest a critical threshold of longleaf pine forest has not been reached at Fort Benning and therefore intensive management approaches are still required. This study shows that even well-established populations of longleaf pine on public lands require maintenance and continued intensive restoration to reach desired forest-wide conditions. Study Implications: The study illustrates the use of a forest landscape model to examine the implications of multiple practical forest management scenarios. Despite over 20 years of intensive longleaf pine forest restoration across the study forest, proactive management approaches remain necessary to reach desired future forest conditions. A shift to passive management at this point is expected to result in significant areas with no longleaf pine and a substantial population of hardwood forest (representing a departure from desired conditions). The main findings can be extended to other forests in the region where restoration of upland longleaf pine forest is a primary objective.
{"title":"Forest-Wide Longleaf Pine Restoration Response to Varying Future Management Intensities in a Transitioning Upland Forest","authors":"George Matusick, S. Hudson, Caleb Garrett, James D. Kent, J. Parker","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many public land management programs in the southeastern United States have been restoring the longleaf pine forest for more than 20 years, which includes intensive treatment with fire, thinning, chemical control of competition, and tree planting. A shift to more passive management (prescribed burning alone) is anticipated once a critical level of longleaf pine has been established. It remains unclear whether this longleaf pine threshold has been reached and whether intensive management should continue at Fort Benning, Georgia. Using the Landis-II forest landscape model, changes in tree species and forest types were estimated from 2017 to 2117 under four forest management scenarios, ranging from passive (“burn only”) to intensive (“proactive”). The desired future condition includes 75% of upland forest dominated by longleaf pine (>49.5% composition). The proactive scenario resulted in the desired future forest condition, whereas reactive and passive scenarios did not. These results suggest a critical threshold of longleaf pine forest has not been reached at Fort Benning and therefore intensive management approaches are still required. This study shows that even well-established populations of longleaf pine on public lands require maintenance and continued intensive restoration to reach desired forest-wide conditions.\u0000 Study Implications: The study illustrates the use of a forest landscape model to examine the implications of multiple practical forest management scenarios. Despite over 20 years of intensive longleaf pine forest restoration across the study forest, proactive management approaches remain necessary to reach desired future forest conditions. A shift to passive management at this point is expected to result in significant areas with no longleaf pine and a substantial population of hardwood forest (representing a departure from desired conditions). The main findings can be extended to other forests in the region where restoration of upland longleaf pine forest is a primary objective.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82133863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting the J.H. Allison Plantation: Shifting from Timber Production to Student Experiences","authors":"M. Windmuller-Campione","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mayfield, R. Olatinwo, J. Hwang, Bryan T. Mudder, Alexandra Blevins, S. Fraedrich
Laurel wilt is a destructive vascular disease of trees in the laurel family (Lauraceae) caused by a nonnative insect/pathogen complex. This study monitored the recent spread and impact of laurel wilt in sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees) from the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the southeastern United States (US) into the adjacent Piedmont/Sandhills and Mountain regions. Laurel wilt was detected at thirteen of forty-six sassafras sites including seven outside the Coastal Plain. Compared to nondiseased sites, sassafras mortality due to laurel wilt increased rapidly from 2018 to 2020 and occurred in all diameter classes monitored (≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height, dbh). Flight trapping for the laurel wilt vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), with α-copaene lures did not enhance early detection of latent laurel wilt infections. Seasonal flight activity of the RAB in the Piedmont and Mountains suggested two generations per year with little to no flight from December through March.
{"title":"Spread, Vector Flight Behavior, and Impact of Laurel Wilt in Sassafras Beyond the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain","authors":"A. Mayfield, R. Olatinwo, J. Hwang, Bryan T. Mudder, Alexandra Blevins, S. Fraedrich","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Laurel wilt is a destructive vascular disease of trees in the laurel family (Lauraceae) caused by a nonnative insect/pathogen complex. This study monitored the recent spread and impact of laurel wilt in sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees) from the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the southeastern United States (US) into the adjacent Piedmont/Sandhills and Mountain regions. Laurel wilt was detected at thirteen of forty-six sassafras sites including seven outside the Coastal Plain. Compared to nondiseased sites, sassafras mortality due to laurel wilt increased rapidly from 2018 to 2020 and occurred in all diameter classes monitored (≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height, dbh). Flight trapping for the laurel wilt vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), with α-copaene lures did not enhance early detection of latent laurel wilt infections. Seasonal flight activity of the RAB in the Piedmont and Mountains suggested two generations per year with little to no flight from December through March.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73279176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Fleischman, Cory L. Struthers, Gwen Arnold, M. Dockry, Tyler A. Scott
{"title":"Corrigendum to: US Forest Service Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act: Fast, Variable, Rarely Litigated, and Declining","authors":"F. Fleischman, Cory L. Struthers, Gwen Arnold, M. Dockry, Tyler A. Scott","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84162026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chad Kooistra, Courtney A. Schultz, J. Abrams, H. Huber-Stearns
The USDA Forest Service’s 2018 Shared Stewardship Strategy emphasizes partnerships with states, tribes, and other organizations or stakeholders to identify priority areas for forest management, coordinate across jurisdictions, and leverage capacities to expand forest restoration and wildfire mitigation. Through ninety-six interviews across nine western states with Forest Service and state agency staff and partners, we researched how the Shared Stewardship Strategy was being translated into practice. We found that, in most states, actors have relied on existing programs and partnerships to set the foundation for Shared Stewardship. Some states developed new positions or committees to support enhanced coordination, inclusive representation, and joint prioritization. Interviewees said that realizing shared accountability among partners and trying new approaches required training staff on existing mechanisms to work across jurisdictions and clear communication and support from leaders. Monitoring how efforts around the Shared Stewardship Strategy interact with other initiatives can inform future institutional changes to support multi-partner, landscape-level work. Federal and state agency staff and their partners supported increased state-level coordination to do more cross-boundary forest management in line with the Forest Service’s Shared Stewardship Strategy. They needed clear direction and support from agency and organizational leaders to share accountability and risks in trying new approaches. Existing and new coordinator positions and multi-partner advisory committees were essential for building partnerships and cross-jurisdictional work. Monitoring the social (e.g., trust among partners) and ecological (e.g., improved forest health) outcomes of partnerships and joint prioritization could indicate successful approaches and provide important context for future efforts across jurisdictions.
{"title":"Institutionalizing the United States Forest Service’s Shared Stewardship Strategy in the Western United States","authors":"Chad Kooistra, Courtney A. Schultz, J. Abrams, H. Huber-Stearns","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The USDA Forest Service’s 2018 Shared Stewardship Strategy emphasizes partnerships with states, tribes, and other organizations or stakeholders to identify priority areas for forest management, coordinate across jurisdictions, and leverage capacities to expand forest restoration and wildfire mitigation. Through ninety-six interviews across nine western states with Forest Service and state agency staff and partners, we researched how the Shared Stewardship Strategy was being translated into practice. We found that, in most states, actors have relied on existing programs and partnerships to set the foundation for Shared Stewardship. Some states developed new positions or committees to support enhanced coordination, inclusive representation, and joint prioritization. Interviewees said that realizing shared accountability among partners and trying new approaches required training staff on existing mechanisms to work across jurisdictions and clear communication and support from leaders. Monitoring how efforts around the Shared Stewardship Strategy interact with other initiatives can inform future institutional changes to support multi-partner, landscape-level work.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Federal and state agency staff and their partners supported increased state-level coordination to do more cross-boundary forest management in line with the Forest Service’s Shared Stewardship Strategy. They needed clear direction and support from agency and organizational leaders to share accountability and risks in trying new approaches. Existing and new coordinator positions and multi-partner advisory committees were essential for building partnerships and cross-jurisdictional work. Monitoring the social (e.g., trust among partners) and ecological (e.g., improved forest health) outcomes of partnerships and joint prioritization could indicate successful approaches and provide important context for future efforts across jurisdictions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82565592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Susaeta, Jennifer M. Fill, R. Crandall, J. Varner
The reintroduction of fire to long-unburned pine ecosystems is a silvicultural tool to restore their ecological and economic value. However, if prescribed fire is used after long periods of fire exclusion, high amounts of duff consumed during fire can result in tree stress and mortality. Prescribed burning with a focus on managing duff has therefore been recommended for mitigating negative impacts on overstory trees when fire is reintroduced. We modeled the economic outcomes of different forest management scenarios related to burning for duff management in even-aged longleaf pine stands. We considered five management scenarios in which we varied prescribed fire use, thinnings, mortality rates, and salvage logging. Our findings indicate that burning for duff management without and with thinnings can be considered the most economically viable strategy ($1593/ha–$966/ha). Study Implications: Prescribed fires after long periods of fire exclusion can consume significant amounts of forest floor duff fuels causing heavy overstory pine mortality. Using prescribed fire with a focus on duff management coupled with early thinning can help restore these ecosystems, sequester carbon, and improve their economic value.
{"title":"Hidden Costs of Fire Exclusion in Longleaf Pine Forests Linked to Duff And Carbon Management","authors":"A. Susaeta, Jennifer M. Fill, R. Crandall, J. Varner","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The reintroduction of fire to long-unburned pine ecosystems is a silvicultural tool to restore their ecological and economic value. However, if prescribed fire is used after long periods of fire exclusion, high amounts of duff consumed during fire can result in tree stress and mortality. Prescribed burning with a focus on managing duff has therefore been recommended for mitigating negative impacts on overstory trees when fire is reintroduced. We modeled the economic outcomes of different forest management scenarios related to burning for duff management in even-aged longleaf pine stands. We considered five management scenarios in which we varied prescribed fire use, thinnings, mortality rates, and salvage logging. Our findings indicate that burning for duff management without and with thinnings can be considered the most economically viable strategy ($1593/ha–$966/ha).\u0000 Study Implications: Prescribed fires after long periods of fire exclusion can consume significant amounts of forest floor duff fuels causing heavy overstory pine mortality. Using prescribed fire with a focus on duff management coupled with early thinning can help restore these ecosystems, sequester carbon, and improve their economic value.","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74717167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Walters, Catherine R. Henry, Evan J. Farinosi, G. Roloff, Michael L. Donovan, Jason P Hartman
Well-stocked natural tree regeneration is critical to sustainable management of northern hardwood forests (NHF) by selection silviculture, but explicit goals and stocking criteria for sapling recruit size classes are lacking. For stems 0–2 in. (0–5.1 cm), we define 171 and 691 stems ac−1 (422.5 and 1,707.5 ha−1) as lower and upper full stocking thresholds for basic NHF management goals (wood and biomass productivity) and overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. We define component stocking targets as 15% of full stocking targets for six additional wildlife (e.g., nut producers) and resilience (e.g., pest–pathogen) goals and individual species representation. Applying our system to 141 managed stands in Michigan, USA, we found several areas of concern. At low threshold, 33% of stands were understocked for biomass and wood goals, whereas 67% were fully stocked with overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. Among goals, component stocking (low threshold) was as low as 5% (nut producers), with more than half the stands component stocked for ≤ 2 goals and ≤ 2 individual species. Stocking varied geographically and decreased with increasing site quality, overstory basal area, and deer use. The stocking goals and density criteria we developed can help managers objectively identify areas where current silvicultural practices are ineffective and need modification. Our system is based on an interactive platform that can be readily modified to accommodate new information and management goals. Several management suggestions emerged from applying our system to selection-managed NHF stands in Michigan. First, highest quality sites have the greatest stocking challenges. Stocking outcomes could likely be improved via more intense overstory harvests and mitigation of deer impacts. Second, most stands meeting stocking goals are vulnerable to future changes in climate and pest–pathogen outbreaks, given stocking is often dominated by a small subset of candidate species. Planting, including the incorporation of assisted migration species candidates could help ameliorate this problem, as species could be evaluated based on their contribution to multiple component stocking goals.
丰富的自然树木更新是通过选择造林实现北方阔叶林可持续管理的关键，但目前缺乏明确的目标和树苗大小等级的放养标准。对于0-2英寸的茎。(0-5.1 cm)，我们将171和691茎(422.5和1,707.5 ha - 1)定义为基本NHF管理目标(木材和生物量生产力)和过度丰富/害虫病原体挑战物种的下限和上限。我们将部分放养目标定义为另外六种野生动物(如坚果生产者)和恢复力(如害虫-病原体)目标和单个物种代表的全部放养目标的15%。将我们的系统应用于美国密歇根州的141个管理林分，我们发现了几个值得关注的领域。在低阈值下，33%的林分在生物量和木材目标方面资源不足，而67%的林分资源充足，有过度丰富/害虫病原体挑战的物种。在目标中，成分放养(低阈值)低至5%(坚果生产者)，超过一半的林分成分放养≤2个目标和≤2个单种。随着立地质量、层底面积和鹿群利用的增加，放养量呈下降趋势。我们制定的放养目标和密度标准可以帮助管理人员客观地确定当前造林措施无效和需要改进的地区。我们的系统是基于一个互动平台，可以很容易地修改，以适应新的信息和管理目标。将我们的系统应用于密歇根州选择性管理的NHF林分后，出现了一些管理建议。首先，高质量的站点面临着最大的库存挑战。通过更密集的植被采伐和减轻鹿的影响，可能会改善放养结果。其次，大多数满足放养目标的林分容易受到未来气候变化和病虫害暴发的影响，因为放养通常由一小部分候选物种主导。种植，包括辅助迁移候选物种的结合，可以帮助改善这一问题，因为物种可以根据其对多组分放养目标的贡献进行评估。
{"title":"Sapling Stocking Targets for Multiple Management Goals in Northern Hardwood Forests: How Do Stands Measure Up?","authors":"M. Walters, Catherine R. Henry, Evan J. Farinosi, G. Roloff, Michael L. Donovan, Jason P Hartman","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Well-stocked natural tree regeneration is critical to sustainable management of northern hardwood forests (NHF) by selection silviculture, but explicit goals and stocking criteria for sapling recruit size classes are lacking. For stems 0–2 in. (0–5.1 cm), we define 171 and 691 stems ac−1 (422.5 and 1,707.5 ha−1) as lower and upper full stocking thresholds for basic NHF management goals (wood and biomass productivity) and overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. We define component stocking targets as 15% of full stocking targets for six additional wildlife (e.g., nut producers) and resilience (e.g., pest–pathogen) goals and individual species representation. Applying our system to 141 managed stands in Michigan, USA, we found several areas of concern. At low threshold, 33% of stands were understocked for biomass and wood goals, whereas 67% were fully stocked with overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. Among goals, component stocking (low threshold) was as low as 5% (nut producers), with more than half the stands component stocked for ≤ 2 goals and ≤ 2 individual species. Stocking varied geographically and decreased with increasing site quality, overstory basal area, and deer use.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The stocking goals and density criteria we developed can help managers objectively identify areas where current silvicultural practices are ineffective and need modification. Our system is based on an interactive platform that can be readily modified to accommodate new information and management goals. Several management suggestions emerged from applying our system to selection-managed NHF stands in Michigan. First, highest quality sites have the greatest stocking challenges. Stocking outcomes could likely be improved via more intense overstory harvests and mitigation of deer impacts. Second, most stands meeting stocking goals are vulnerable to future changes in climate and pest–pathogen outbreaks, given stocking is often dominated by a small subset of candidate species. Planting, including the incorporation of assisted migration species candidates could help ameliorate this problem, as species could be evaluated based on their contribution to multiple component stocking goals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"49 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sagor, Martha J Sebald, M. Kilgore, C. Blinn, S. Snyder, M. Russell
Many public agencies make foresters available to answer landowners’ land management questions. We gathered data about landowner calls to private forest management (PFM) foresters employed by a Minnesota state agency in 2017 and 2018. We used a mailed questionnaire to assess the outcomes of these contacts, including land management actions taken and factors most influential the landowner’s subsequent decision process. The most common topic landowners called about was enrolling in a property tax program, followed by harvesting and planting trees, obtaining financial assistance, and controlling forest pests. Eighteen months after the initial call, implementation rates and intent were high, ranging from 73%–91%. Across management actions, information from a PFM forester, likelihood of timely implementation, and expected benefit were highly influential. PFM calls also informed landowners about additional land management actions, many of which they implemented. Our results offer new insight into the value of landowner contact with public sector foresters. Over one year in 2017–2018, about 2% of Minnesota family forest owners called a state service forester for information and advice. In declining frequency order, these landowners were primarily inquiring about enrolling in a property tax program, controlling forest pests, harvesting trees, obtaining financial assistance, and planting trees. The factors that most influenced their subsequent land management action were information from a private forest management forester, likelihood of timely implementation, and expected benefits. Our results highlight the value of professional advice and suggest an emphasis on advice for timely implementation and information about the benefits of potential management activities.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Family Woodland Management Action After Calling a Public Agency Forester","authors":"E. Sagor, Martha J Sebald, M. Kilgore, C. Blinn, S. Snyder, M. Russell","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Many public agencies make foresters available to answer landowners’ land management questions. We gathered data about landowner calls to private forest management (PFM) foresters employed by a Minnesota state agency in 2017 and 2018. We used a mailed questionnaire to assess the outcomes of these contacts, including land management actions taken and factors most influential the landowner’s subsequent decision process. The most common topic landowners called about was enrolling in a property tax program, followed by harvesting and planting trees, obtaining financial assistance, and controlling forest pests. Eighteen months after the initial call, implementation rates and intent were high, ranging from 73%–91%. Across management actions, information from a PFM forester, likelihood of timely implementation, and expected benefit were highly influential. PFM calls also informed landowners about additional land management actions, many of which they implemented. Our results offer new insight into the value of landowner contact with public sector foresters.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Over one year in 2017–2018, about 2% of Minnesota family forest owners called a state service forester for information and advice. In declining frequency order, these landowners were primarily inquiring about enrolling in a property tax program, controlling forest pests, harvesting trees, obtaining financial assistance, and planting trees. The factors that most influenced their subsequent land management action were information from a private forest management forester, likelihood of timely implementation, and expected benefits. Our results highlight the value of professional advice and suggest an emphasis on advice for timely implementation and information about the benefits of potential management activities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Davis, L. Lowrey, T. Eckberg, J. Hicke, Ekaterina Smirnova
Balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (BWA), is a nonnative insect that has invaded much of the true fir range in North America, reducing host tree growth and causing mortality. Here, we describe a field study to characterize BWA infestation and effects on host trees in Idaho from the onset of infestation within twenty-eight sites with repeated surveys in 2008, 2013, and 2018. Declining tree health was categorized into five BWA damage classes based on the percent of the tree crown–expressing symptoms caused by BWA. Between 2008 and 2018, BWA presence increased across most sites regardless of host species, with an average of 48% (0.1%–100%) host trees per acre being infested. Severe damage or mortality of true fir from BWA occurred across thirteen sampled forest habitat types, including those representing harsh, high elevations. Although a significantly greater proportion of subalpine fir died than grand fir by 2018, BWA caused grand fir mortality. All diameter size classes became infested with BWA, including seedlings, and BWA caused mortality regardless of tree diameter. This assessment provides baseline data for a deeper analysis of insect, host, stand, and environmental interactions that may elucidate factors driving severe stand mortality. Balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) is a cryptic, nonnative, and chronically lethal insect of true firs that is frequently overlooked until tree health substantially declines. Therefore, it is often not considered a serious damage agent during forest management planning until after severe damage has occurred across a stand. The BWA damage classification, modified from Spiegel et al. (2013), may be applied during stand exams. This simple and effective five-tiered classification system can be used to categorize BWA damage within individual trees or stands based on the collective symptoms caused by the insect. Feeding by BWA can ultimately result in stand-level mortality of both over- and understory fir and may require artificial regeneration to restore forest function. Fir regeneration was abundant at most BWA-damaged sites; however, seedling-sized firs were often heavily gouted from BWA to levels that will prevent them from growing into seed-bearing trees. Reported levels of mortality caused by BWA within 10 years of infestation and forest habitat type associations can be referenced for making management decisions for not-yet or recently infested stands.
{"title":"Characterizing Balsam Woolly Adelgid Infestations and Associated Tree Mortality in Idaho","authors":"G. Davis, L. Lowrey, T. Eckberg, J. Hicke, Ekaterina Smirnova","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvac007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (BWA), is a nonnative insect that has invaded much of the true fir range in North America, reducing host tree growth and causing mortality. Here, we describe a field study to characterize BWA infestation and effects on host trees in Idaho from the onset of infestation within twenty-eight sites with repeated surveys in 2008, 2013, and 2018. Declining tree health was categorized into five BWA damage classes based on the percent of the tree crown–expressing symptoms caused by BWA. Between 2008 and 2018, BWA presence increased across most sites regardless of host species, with an average of 48% (0.1%–100%) host trees per acre being infested. Severe damage or mortality of true fir from BWA occurred across thirteen sampled forest habitat types, including those representing harsh, high elevations. Although a significantly greater proportion of subalpine fir died than grand fir by 2018, BWA caused grand fir mortality. All diameter size classes became infested with BWA, including seedlings, and BWA caused mortality regardless of tree diameter. This assessment provides baseline data for a deeper analysis of insect, host, stand, and environmental interactions that may elucidate factors driving severe stand mortality.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) is a cryptic, nonnative, and chronically lethal insect of true firs that is frequently overlooked until tree health substantially declines. Therefore, it is often not considered a serious damage agent during forest management planning until after severe damage has occurred across a stand. The BWA damage classification, modified from Spiegel et al. (2013), may be applied during stand exams. This simple and effective five-tiered classification system can be used to categorize BWA damage within individual trees or stands based on the collective symptoms caused by the insect. Feeding by BWA can ultimately result in stand-level mortality of both over- and understory fir and may require artificial regeneration to restore forest function. Fir regeneration was abundant at most BWA-damaged sites; however, seedling-sized firs were often heavily gouted from BWA to levels that will prevent them from growing into seed-bearing trees. Reported levels of mortality caused by BWA within 10 years of infestation and forest habitat type associations can be referenced for making management decisions for not-yet or recently infested stands.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23386,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Forestry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90347970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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