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Variation in speech tempo and its relationship to prosodic boundary occurrence in two speech genres 两种言语体裁中语速的变化及其与韵律边界的关系
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.29
J. Volín
The present study focuses on two problems connected with speech tempo. First, earlier research has been prevalently concerned with central tendencies while variation was mostly perceived as an auxiliary result. We believe, however, that information about data dispersion is essential for proper modelling and experiment design in the field of temporal structure of speech. Therefore, the present study provides reference values for some of the tempo metrics of variation that pertain to (a) between-genre differences, (b) within-genre differences, (c) inter-speaker differences, and (d) intra-speaker differences. Second, we tested the claim that faster tempi lead to fewer prosodic breaks in spoken texts. This claim had been supported by studies where a respondent was asked to produce the same text at various rates. We, on the other hand, pose a question of the number of prosodic breaks in speakers who are fast or slow inherently. The material used in the study represents two genres: poetry reciting and news reading, and we obtained recordings from 24 speakers in each genre. Apart from providing the quantifications, the outcomes suggest, for example, that the predisposition of individual speakers to produce fast or slow tempi differs between the two genres. The fastest speakers in news reading were not necessarily the fastest in poetry reciting. This result points at specific behaviour in different situations and invites caution concerning the idea of hard-wired speaking stereotypes in individuals. Also, the correlation between speakers’ rates and the number of phrases they produced was significant only in news reading, not in poetry reciting. This result was corroborated by greater variation in prosodic boundary placement in news reading. In addition, the results offer an insight into the relationship between articulation rate and speech rate, together with the comparison of measurements in syllables per second and phones per second. The latter can be of interest since Czech (the language of the material) belongs to languages with a complex syllabic structure.
本研究主要关注与语速有关的两个问题。首先,早期的研究普遍关注集中趋势,而变异主要被认为是辅助结果。然而,我们认为,关于数据分散的信息对于语音时间结构领域的正确建模和实验设计是必不可少的。因此,本研究为(a)体裁间差异、(b)体裁内差异、(c)说话人间差异和(d)说话人内部差异的一些节奏变化指标提供了参考价值。其次,我们测试了语速越快,口语中的韵律中断越少的说法。这一说法得到了一些研究的支持,在这些研究中,被调查者被要求以不同的速度写出相同的文本。另一方面,我们提出了一个问题,即天生语速快或语速慢的说话者的韵律停顿次数。研究中使用的材料代表了两种类型:诗歌背诵和新闻阅读,我们获得了每种类型的24位发言者的录音。除了提供量化之外,研究结果还表明,例如,个人说话者在两种语言类型中产生快节奏或慢节奏的倾向是不同的。新闻阅读速度最快的人不一定是诗歌背诵速度最快的人。这一结果指出了不同情况下的特定行为,并引起了人们对个人固有的说话刻板印象的注意。此外,说话者的语速和他们说出的短语数量之间的相关性只有在阅读新闻时才有意义,在背诵诗歌时则没有。这一结果被新闻阅读中韵律边界位置的更大变化所证实。此外,研究结果还揭示了发音率和说话率之间的关系,以及每秒音节数和每秒电话数的测量结果的比较。后者可能是有趣的,因为捷克语(材料的语言)属于具有复杂音节结构的语言。
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引用次数: 1
The dynamic effect of speaking fast on speech prosody 语速快对语音韵律的动态影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.28
Lauri Tavi
Speaking fast causes several changes in speech prosody. In addition, it can be associated with a decrease in speech intelligibility. In this study, prosodic changes in fast speech were investigated using common prosodic measurements and syllabic prosody index (SPI), a novel prominence measure that combines f0, energy and duration features. Dynamic changes in long-term prosodic prominence were investigated using functional data analysis (FDA), in which the SPI is transformed into a functional form. The possibly decreasing effect of speaking fast on speech intelligibility was evaluated using automatic speech recognition. Phonetic analyses of syllabic units showed that speaking fast decreases duration, f0 and SPI, and increases articulation rate and proportional acoustic energy in the frequency range of 0–1 kHz. FDA supported the aforementioned results by revealing dynamically decreased overall prominence in fast speech. Furthermore, in comparison to regular speech, speech intelligibility was found to be significantly lower in fast speech: word error rate (WER) for regular speech was 0.27, whereas for fast speech it was 0.86.
语速快会导致语言韵律的一些变化。此外,它还可能与语音清晰度下降有关。在本研究中,我们使用了常见的韵律测量和音节韵律指数(SPI)来研究快速语音的韵律变化。音节韵律指数(SPI)是一种结合了f0、能量和持续时间特征的新颖显著性测量方法。使用功能数据分析(FDA)研究了长期韵律突出的动态变化,其中SPI被转换为功能形式。使用自动语音识别技术评估快速说话对语音清晰度可能产生的影响。音节单位的语音分析表明,在0-1 kHz的频率范围内,快速说话可以减少持续时间、f0和SPI,提高发音率和比例声能。美国食品药品监督管理局通过动态地揭示快速讲话中总体突出程度的下降来支持上述结果。此外,与正常语音相比,快速语音的语音清晰度明显较低:正常语音的单词错误率(WER)为0.27,而快速语音的错误率为0.86。
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引用次数: 0
Word-boundary glottalization and its cognitive aspects: A reaction-time study 词界全球化及其认知方面:一项反应时间研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.27
Michaela Svoboda, Pavel Šturm
This paper deals with the perceptual impact of using word-initial glottalization as a boundary signal. Research into glottalization is discussed before presenting a reaction time (RT) experiment based on a word-monitoring paradigm that aims to investigate the cognitive effect of the presence of glottalization in native Czech listeners’ perception. Natural and acoustically manipulated sentences selected from a spontaneous political debate were used as stimuli. The low level of control of the material makes the design relatively innovative in comparison with similar previous studies. Fifty listeners were instructed to press a button as soon as they heard a specified target word embedded in a sentence, where a preceding carrier word included glottalization or linking. The results support the hypothesis that the presence of glottalization facilitates the processing of subsequent words, but the temporal scope of the effect varied. The experiment also raises new methodological issues and offers suggestions for further RT research.
本文讨论了使用词首全球化作为边界信号对感知的影响。在提出一个基于单词监测范式的反应时间(RT)实验之前,对全球化的研究进行了讨论,该实验旨在研究全球化的存在对母语捷克语听众感知的认知影响。从一场自发的政治辩论中选出自然的和经过声音处理的句子作为刺激。与之前的研究相比,对材料的低水平控制使得设计相对具有创新性。50名听众被要求在听到一个句子中包含的特定目标词时立即按下一个按钮,而这个句子中的前一个载体词包括音化或连读。结果支持了全球化的存在促进后续单词处理的假设,但影响的时间范围有所不同。该实验还提出了新的方法论问题,并为进一步的RT研究提供了建议。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of mismatched recordings on an automatic-speaker-recognition system and human listeners 不匹配录音对自动说话人识别系统和人类听众的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.25
Tomáš Nechanský, Tomáš Bořil, Alžběta Houzar, Radek Skarnitzl
The so-called ‘mismatch’ is a factor which experts in the forensic voice comparison field encounter regularly. Therefore, we decided to explore to what extent the automatic-speaker-recognition system’s and the earwitness’ ability to identify speakers is influenced when recordings are acquired in different languages and at different times. 100 voices in a database of 300 recordings (100 speakers recorded in three mutually mismatched sessions) were compared with an automatic-speaker-recognition software VOCALISE based on i-vectors and x-vectors, and by 39 respondents in simulated voice parades. Both the automatic and perceptual approach seem to have yielded similar results in that the less complex the mismatch type, the more successful the identification. The results point to the superiority of the x-vector approach, and also to varying identification abilities of listeners.
所谓的“不匹配”是法医语音比对领域的专家经常遇到的一个因素。因此,我们决定探索在不同语言和不同时间获取录音时,对自动说话人识别系统和证人识别说话人的能力有多大影响。在300个录音数据库中的100个声音(100个发言者在三个相互不匹配的会话中录制)与基于i向量和x向量的自动说话人识别软件VOCALISE和39个模拟声音游行的受访者进行了比较。自动方法和感知方法似乎都产生了类似的结果,即不匹配类型越不复杂,识别就越成功。结果表明了x向量方法的优越性,以及听众不同的识别能力。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal study of phonetic drift in L1 speech of late Czech-French bilinguals 晚期捷克-法语双语者母语语音漂移的纵向研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.33
Marie Hévrová, Tomáš Bořil
This study investigates temporal development of phonetic drift (i.e., when L1 pronunciation is affected by acquiring an L2 language) in the L1 speech of four Czech university students (two female and two male) who went to study in Toulouse as part of the Erasmus programme. Having started studying L2 French at the age of twelve to sixteen, they are considered the so-called Czech-French late bilinguals. The subjects were recorded reading out a Czech text and producing semi-spontaneous speech in three sessions – immediately after their arrival, and then at the end of the first and the third month of their stay in France. Based on acoustic analyses, we statistically evaluated the formant frequencies of vowels, the spectral moments of the fricatives /ɦ/ and /x/, and the production frequency of schwa in the word-final position, which is a distinctive pronunciation feature for Toulouse French. Even though speech and its development are highly individual, we were able to witness certain pronunciation shifts regarding all the examined phones. However, the majority of statistically significant shifts were linked to the formant values of vowels.
本研究调查了作为伊拉斯谟计划的一部分前往图卢兹学习的四名捷克大学生(两女两男)在母语演讲中的语音漂移(即当母语发音受到第二语言习得的影响时)的时间发展。他们从12岁到16岁开始学习第二语言法语,被认为是所谓的捷克-法国晚期双语者。实验对象在抵达法国后,在第一个月和第三个月结束时,分三次朗读一篇捷克文,并进行半自发的演讲。在声学分析的基础上,我们统计了图卢兹法语元音的形成频率、摩擦音/ /和/x/的频谱矩以及弱读音在词尾位置的产生频率,这是图卢兹法语的一个显著发音特征。尽管语音及其发展是高度个性化的,但我们能够在所有被调查的手机上看到某些发音的变化。然而,大多数统计上显著的变化与元音的形成峰值有关。
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引用次数: 0
Online guided pronunciation practice helps adult EFL learners improve L2 prosody 在线语音指导练习帮助成人英语学习者提高第二语言韵律
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.32
Šárka Šimáčková, Václav Jonáš Podlipský
This study tests the efficacy of a pronunciation course in developing advanced EFL learners’ expressive reading during a semester of online instruction. The course, designed for future English-language professionals, emphasises primacy of perception before production, the importance of noticing phonetic detail, expert and peer feedback, and context-situated tasks. The magnitude of pitch movements and reading tempo were assessed before and after the course for a trained group, who received the pronunciation practice, and a comparison group attending a course about the theory and research of foreign accents in English. Only the Trained group’s expressive prosody improved: the learners slowed down their delivery and produced the utterances with a wider pitch range. The results suggest that adult foreign language learners can benefit from pronunciation training in a distance learning environment.
本研究通过一个学期的在线教学,测试语音课程在培养高级英语学习者表达性阅读能力方面的效果。这门课程是为未来的英语专业人士设计的,强调感知先于表达、注意语音细节、专家和同行反馈以及情境任务的重要性。在课程前后,对接受发音练习的训练组和参加英语外语口音理论与研究课程的对照组的音高运动幅度和阅读速度进行了评估。只有受过训练的那一组的表达性韵律有所改善:学习者放慢了语速,发出的声音音高范围更大。结果表明,成人外语学习者可以从远程学习环境中的发音训练中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Intra- and inter-speaker variability of vowel space using three different formant extraction methods 使用三种不同的形成峰提取方法的元音空间内部和内部的说话人变异性
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2022.30
Alžběta Houzar, Radek Skarnitzl
Individual speakers’ voices display various unique patterns, one of the most prominent of which is vowel articulation. This study focuses on vowel space properties of 15 Czech speakers in read and spontaneous speech, comparing outputs of three formant extraction methods, measuring formants: (1) in the vowels’ temporal midpoints, (2) as their mean from the vowels’ middle thirds, and (3) in the vowels’ articulatory targets. The results show extensive variability across speakers, but also great within-speaker variability between the two speech styles, with spontaneous speech manifesting more centralised vowel pronunciation than read utterances. The first two measurement methods did not yield systematically different results, while formant values extracted from acoustically defined articulatory targets lead to noticeably larger vowel spaces. The results suggest that care should be taken when interpreting formant values obtained by different methods.
个体说话者的声音表现出各种独特的模式,其中最突出的是元音发音。本研究重点研究了15名捷克语使用者在阅读和自发语音中的元音空间特性,比较了三种形成峰提取方法的输出,测量了(1)元音时间中点的共振峰,(2)元音中间三分之一的平均共振峰,(3)元音发音目标的共振峰。结果表明,说话者之间存在广泛的差异,但两种说话风格之间也存在很大的差异,自发说话比阅读话语表现出更集中的元音发音。前两种测量方法没有系统地产生不同的结果,而从声学定义的发音目标中提取的形成峰值导致明显更大的元音空间。结果表明,在解释不同方法得到的形成峰值时应小心谨慎。
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引用次数: 0
Překlady Josefa Lindy ze Shakespeara
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2021.20
Bohuslav Mánek
In the context of the reception of Shakespeare in the early period of the Czech National Revival from the 1780s to the 1830s, the paper discusses the contribution of the writer Josef Linda (1789/1792?–1834), who published a series of commented selected passages from Shakespeare’s plays in the literary magazine Čechoslav in 1822–1823. The earliest reception of Shakespeare’s oeuvre paralleled the developing revival of the Czech language and original literature, using the limited media available. The first publications were two chapbooks by an anonymous author outlining the plots of Macbeth and The Merchant of Venice printed in 1782 without stating the name of the author, adapted from German versions. The first Czech version bearing the playwright’s name was the simplified prose translation of Macbeth by Karel Hynek Thám, published and staged in 1786. Several minor contributions (short passages from plays, quotations, short playwright’s biographies) were published in magazines. The seriesof Linda’s translations is specific, he called short passages from plays “vejpisy” (“extracts”) and used them to illustrate various human qualities (veracity, flattery, straightness) and supposed views of the playwright (Shakespeare on music). They also included a short article on Elizabethan theatre. His knowledge of Shakespeare is also perceptible in his play Jaroslav Šternberg v boji proti Tatarům (1823, Jaroslav of Šternberg Fighting the Tatars). Being published in one of the earliest Czech literary magazines with a wide readership, Linda’s translations thus contributed to Czech acquaintance with the playwright’s oeuvre.
本文以捷克民族复兴初期(1780年代至1830年代)对莎士比亚的接受为背景,探讨了作家约瑟夫·琳达(Josef Linda, 1789/1792? -1834)的贡献,他于1822-1823年在文学杂志Čechoslav上发表了一系列莎士比亚戏剧选段的评论。莎士比亚作品的最早接受与捷克语言和原始文学的发展复兴并行,使用有限的媒体。最早的出版物是由一位匿名作者撰写的两本小册子,其中概述了《麦克白》和《威尼斯商人》的情节,于1782年出版,改编自德文版本,没有注明作者姓名。第一个以这位剧作家名字命名的捷克版本是卡雷尔·海内克(Karel Hynek)的简化散文版《麦克白》Thám,于1786年出版并上演。杂志上发表了几篇小文章(戏剧的短文、语录、剧作家的传记)。琳达的翻译系列很具体,他把戏剧中的短段落称为“vejpisy”(“摘录”),并用它们来说明人类的各种品质(诚实、奉承、直率)和人们对剧作家的看法(莎士比亚对音乐的看法)。其中还包括一篇关于伊丽莎白时期戏剧的短文。他对莎士比亚的了解也体现在他的戏剧《雅罗斯拉夫Šternberg v boji proti Tatarům》(1823年,雅罗斯拉夫Šternberg与鞑靼人作战)中。琳达的翻译发表在捷克最早的文学杂志之一上,拥有广泛的读者群,因此使捷克人认识了这位剧作家的全部作品。
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引用次数: 0
Antonio Bueno García, Jana Králová, Pedro Mogorrón (eds.) (2020) De la hipótesis a la tesis en traducción e interpretación Antonio Bueno garcia, Jana kralova, Pedro mogorron(编)(2020)翻译与口译中的假设与论文
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2021.35
Jana Pešková
Book review on Antonio Bueno García, Jana Králová, Pedro Mogorrón (eds.) (2020) De la hipótesis a la tesis en traducción e interpretación, Granada, Editorial Comares, řada Interlingua.
Book review on Jana KrálováAntonio garcia,嗯,佩德罗·莫哥伦·合编(2020年)假设理论在翻译和口译、格林纳达Comares出版社,řada Interlingua。
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引用次数: 0
María Dolores Rodríguez Melchor, Ildikó Horváth, Kate Ferguson (eds.) (2020) The Role of Technology in Conference Interpreter Training María Dolores Rodríguez Melchor, Ildikó Horváth, Kate Ferguson(编)(2020)技术在会议口译培训中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2021.36
M. Přibylová
Book review on María Dolores Rodríguez Melchor, Ildikó Horváth, Kate Ferguson (eds.) (2020) The Role of Technology in Conference Interpreter Training, New York: Peter Lang, řada New Trends in Translation Studies.
书评María Dolores Rodríguez Melchor, Ildikó Horváth, Kate Ferguson(编)(2020)技术在会议口译培训中的作用,纽约:Peter Lang, řada翻译研究的新趋势。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
AUC PHILOLOGICA
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