Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.36
Z. Brožová
It is generally accepted that interpreting is a stressful occupation. However, literature on the topic of work-related stress and the stress factors involved in the profession of public service interpreters remains scarce. By presenting a few studies aimed at analyzing the impact of stress on interpreters working primarily in public service settings, as well as in legal settings, this article provides an overview of potential stress factors and highlights the need for training in recognizing potentially stressful situations and knowing how to cope with them among students of interpreting. The second part of the article analyzes the data from a questionnaire survey conducted among 41 Czech/Spanish interpreters, which was designed as part of a larger study. The findings are consistent with previous research on the topic; overall, the interpreters indicated that the stress they experience stems mostly from inadequate working conditions, such as noise, poor acoustics and ventilation, connection problems, etc., as well as from not having enough time to prepare for an assignment. To a lesser extent, they also mentioned being affected by the pressure associated with the importance of the assignment, their lack of knowledge of the terms used in Spanish, and the content of what was being interpreted.
{"title":"Pracovní stres v komunitním tlumočení: dotazníkové šetření mezi tlumočníky s pracovními jazyky čeština a španělština","authors":"Z. Brožová","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that interpreting is a stressful occupation. However, literature on the topic of work-related stress and the stress factors involved in the profession of public service interpreters remains scarce. By presenting a few studies aimed at analyzing the impact of stress on interpreters working primarily in public service settings, as well as in legal settings, this article provides an overview of potential stress factors and highlights the need for training in recognizing potentially stressful situations and knowing how to cope with them among students of interpreting. The second part of the article analyzes the data from a questionnaire survey conducted among 41 Czech/Spanish interpreters, which was designed as part of a larger study. The findings are consistent with previous research on the topic; overall, the interpreters indicated that the stress they experience stems mostly from inadequate working conditions, such as noise, poor acoustics and ventilation, connection problems, etc., as well as from not having enough time to prepare for an assignment. To a lesser extent, they also mentioned being affected by the pressure associated with the importance of the assignment, their lack of knowledge of the terms used in Spanish, and the content of what was being interpreted.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"223 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.37
Václav Koutný
Healthcare interpreting has been a topic of interest for various fields of study around the world for over 60 years; however, it has not yet been discussed comprehensively in the Czech Republic. This paper aims to lay the groundwork for future research in the country by providing a basic overview of the research findings abroad. Drawing on the summary article by Pöchhacker (2021), the contribution first examines studies and other works on interpreting in healthcare by researchers in fields other than translation studies, such as nursing, psychiatry, linguistics, and social sciences from the 1960s to the early 1990s. Afterwards, the paper compiles the findings of more recent studies from Africa; Asia and Australia; the United States, Canada and Mexico; and Northern, Southern, and Central Europe, concluding with remarks on the few works on healthcare interpreting that have been produced in the Czech Republic.
{"title":"Tlumočení ve zdravotnictví – současný stav výzkumu","authors":"Václav Koutný","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare interpreting has been a topic of interest for various fields of study around the world for over 60 years; however, it has not yet been discussed comprehensively in the Czech Republic. This paper aims to lay the groundwork for future research in the country by providing a basic overview of the research findings abroad. Drawing on the summary article by Pöchhacker (2021), the contribution first examines studies and other works on interpreting in healthcare by researchers in fields other than translation studies, such as nursing, psychiatry, linguistics, and social sciences from the 1960s to the early 1990s. Afterwards, the paper compiles the findings of more recent studies from Africa; Asia and Australia; the United States, Canada and Mexico; and Northern, Southern, and Central Europe, concluding with remarks on the few works on healthcare interpreting that have been produced in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"45 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.32
Daniel Gile, Clare Donovan
This paper reports on a research-training module in a conference interpreter training environment where students strive to acquire high-level interpreting skills through intensive practice over two years. Both theory and research are remote from their concerns. The module described was designed specifically for this environment. The aim was to raise the students’ awareness of the nature of research, of the gains it could offer to interpreters-in-training and to the interpreting profession, and of practical challenges it faces. Care was taken not to add a significant workload which they might view as irrelevant to their endeavours. This translated as an introductory two-lecture part followed by micro-experiments in which the students’ own interpreting exercises were used as material. The students were asked to record and transcribe their interpretations of experimental source speeches, to analyse and reflect on the data. In one exercise, they were asked to perform an experiment as researchers with other students as participants. Throughout the process, the instructors provided detailed guidance and explained how the experiments were designed, taking on board challenges and uncertainties, and what inferences could or could not be drawn from the data and why. A questionnaire at the end of the module suggests that the students found the module interesting, not excessively taxing, that it taught them something about research and also about interpreting. Since this module entails virtually no overheads as regards the students’ daily practice and gives them a good sense of the practical issues associated with research, it is suggested that it could be integrated into curricula with more traditional research training as well.
{"title":"Introducing Conference Interpreting Students to Research: A Pilot Study Using Interpreting Exercises","authors":"Daniel Gile, Clare Donovan","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a research-training module in a conference interpreter training environment where students strive to acquire high-level interpreting skills through intensive practice over two years. Both theory and research are remote from their concerns. The module described was designed specifically for this environment. The aim was to raise the students’ awareness of the nature of research, of the gains it could offer to interpreters-in-training and to the interpreting profession, and of practical challenges it faces. Care was taken not to add a significant workload which they might view as irrelevant to their endeavours. This translated as an introductory two-lecture part followed by micro-experiments in which the students’ own interpreting exercises were used as material. The students were asked to record and transcribe their interpretations of experimental source speeches, to analyse and reflect on the data. In one exercise, they were asked to perform an experiment as researchers with other students as participants. Throughout the process, the instructors provided detailed guidance and explained how the experiments were designed, taking on board challenges and uncertainties, and what inferences could or could not be drawn from the data and why. A questionnaire at the end of the module suggests that the students found the module interesting, not excessively taxing, that it taught them something about research and also about interpreting. Since this module entails virtually no overheads as regards the students’ daily practice and gives them a good sense of the practical issues associated with research, it is suggested that it could be integrated into curricula with more traditional research training as well.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.41
Roderick Jones
Scientific Life
科学生活
{"title":"Ivana Čeňková and Interpretation in the EU Institutions","authors":"Roderick Jones","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Life","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"64 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.8
Marie Vachková
For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.
{"title":"Ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Wortbildung im Studium für Deutsch als Fremdsprache an der Karls-Universität Prag","authors":"Marie Vachková","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114791650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.3
Boris Blahak
Based on previous studies discussing the thematization of German dialects in lessons of German as a foreign language within and outside the German speaking countries, the article outlines a didactic concept for building receptive variety competence of Czech learners of German towards the diatopic varieties of German spoken in the Free State of Bavaria. Using the example of the North and Middle Bavarian dialects, it will be demonstrated how the Bavarian-Austrian loan vocabulary present in the Czech non-standard varieties can be used didactically to enable learners to overcome the phonetic distance between dialect and standard language, which is the main barrier to comprehension. In this respect, the learners’ inner multilingualism is used to differentiate their outer multilingualism. The current foreign German studies background to the concept is the establishment of interdisciplinary Bavarian Studies at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen (2019) whose curriculum provides a more profound receptive study of the dialects of Bavaria.
{"title":"Bairisch verstehen – auf Hochdeutsch reagieren. Strategien zum Aufbau einer rezeptiven Varietätenkompetenz für (tschechische) DaF-Lerner","authors":"Boris Blahak","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Based on previous studies discussing the thematization of German dialects in lessons of German as a foreign language within and outside the German speaking countries, the article outlines a didactic concept for building receptive variety competence of Czech learners of German towards the diatopic varieties of German spoken in the Free State of Bavaria. Using the example of the North and Middle Bavarian dialects, it will be demonstrated how the Bavarian-Austrian loan vocabulary present in the Czech non-standard varieties can be used didactically to enable learners to overcome the phonetic distance between dialect and standard language, which is the main barrier to comprehension. In this respect, the learners’ inner multilingualism is used to differentiate their outer multilingualism. The current foreign German studies background to the concept is the establishment of interdisciplinary Bavarian Studies at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen (2019) whose curriculum provides a more profound receptive study of the dialects of Bavaria.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114313648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.12
A. Soós, Gábor Csúr
For many centuries, Hungarian history and culture has been determined by both the country’s geographical position between “West” and “East” and its predominant desire to belong to the West. The concept of Hungary as an inferior culture on the periphery (which, however, managed to become an integrated part of Western Europe from time to time) at the very least stretches back to medieval sources. To compensate for the bitterness and unfulfilled demand to overcome the nation’s subjection to foreign powers, a great number of nineteenth- and twentieth-century political and cultural movements aimed towards gaining a more active and independent role in the region. In the 1880s and 1890s, the reception of the late 19th-century Danish literary critic Georg Brandes revealed new perspectives for Hungarian intellectuals and literary groups. When inspired by Brandes’s revolutionary thoughts and impact on Scandinavian society and literature, the goal of a broad-minded and modern Hungarian nation, as well as a successful breakout from a secondary role within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy seemed closer at hand.
{"title":"Progress, Liberty and National Identity, or Outdatedness, Aristocratic Snobbery and Helpless Liberalism – Intellectual Attitudes Towards Georg Brandes in Hungary between 1870 and 1914","authors":"A. Soós, Gábor Csúr","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"For many centuries, Hungarian history and culture has been determined by both the country’s geographical position between “West” and “East” and its predominant desire to belong to the West. The concept of Hungary as an inferior culture on the periphery (which, however, managed to become an integrated part of Western Europe from time to time) at the very least stretches back to medieval sources. To compensate for the bitterness and unfulfilled demand to overcome the nation’s subjection to foreign powers, a great number of nineteenth- and twentieth-century political and cultural movements aimed towards gaining a more active and independent role in the region. In the 1880s and 1890s, the reception of the late 19th-century Danish literary critic Georg Brandes revealed new perspectives for Hungarian intellectuals and literary groups. When inspired by Brandes’s revolutionary thoughts and impact on Scandinavian society and literature, the goal of a broad-minded and modern Hungarian nation, as well as a successful breakout from a secondary role within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy seemed closer at hand.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123850975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.13
Torben Jelsbak
The publication of Emigrant Literature, the first volume of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature (1872–1890), constituted Georg Brandes’ breakthrough work and the beginning of his career as a European literary critic. However, the work was very differently received in the two major literary cultures of the time, Germany and France. In the German press, Brandes was saluted as a cultural reformer and icebreaker of literary modernity, “a good European and cultural missionary”, as Friedrich Nietzsche called him in a letter from 1887, whereas French critics reacted with much greater skepticism to Brandes’ work. This situation was especially annoying to Brandes as he regarded French literary and intellectual culture as superior to any other culture of the world and more than anything else he longed for recognition from the French literati. The uneven distribution of critical acclaim was a paradox that also affected Brandes’ self-understanding and position as a lcritic. The following article will examine this tension by providing a comparative study of the reception of Emigrant Literature in Germany and France from 1872 to 1893.
{"title":"The Early Reception of Georg Brandes in Germany and France. A Comparative Study","authors":"Torben Jelsbak","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"The publication of Emigrant Literature, the first volume of Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature (1872–1890), constituted Georg Brandes’ breakthrough work and the beginning of his career as a European literary critic. However, the work was very differently received in the two major literary cultures of the time, Germany and France. In the German press, Brandes was saluted as a cultural reformer and icebreaker of literary modernity, “a good European and cultural missionary”, as Friedrich Nietzsche called him in a letter from 1887, whereas French critics reacted with much greater skepticism to Brandes’ work. This situation was especially annoying to Brandes as he regarded French literary and intellectual culture as superior to any other culture of the world and more than anything else he longed for recognition from the French literati. The uneven distribution of critical acclaim was a paradox that also affected Brandes’ self-understanding and position as a lcritic. The following article will examine this tension by providing a comparative study of the reception of Emigrant Literature in Germany and France from 1872 to 1893.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131896295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.9
Lenka Vodrážková
After 1882, the development of the University of Prague and its division reflected the situation of Czech and German society in the Czech Lands. While German Studies at the German university of Prague since 1882, when the University of Prague was divided into two autonomous – German and Czech – institutions, continued its pedagogical and scientific activities, it was necessary to establish German studies at the Czech university of Prague. Despite the progressive specialization of German Studies in German language and literature and the following internal differentiation of German Studies into older and newer German language and literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, great attention was traditionally paid to the older German language and literature in the curriculum of German Studies. The teaching here focused mainly on the analysis and interpretation of Gothic, Old and Middle High German texts from a linguistic and literary point of view. After 1900, the content of diachronic courses changed for German Germanists in favor of prehistory, dialectology and onomastics, and for Czech Germanists it was directed towards German-Czech language contacts, especially in the lexicon. These changes in the teaching profile and scholarly area were related not only to the development of German Studies, but also to social changes, especially in the 1930s and 1940s.
{"title":"„Ételîh fúncho dero uuârhéite. lóskêt târínne. dér fóne dero ánablâsentûn lêro erchícchet uuírt“. Zur Diachronie in Lehrplänen der Prager deutschen und tschechischen Germanistik nach der Teilung der Prager Universität 1882","authors":"Lenka Vodrážková","doi":"10.14712/24646830.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"After 1882, the development of the University of Prague and its division reflected the situation of Czech and German society in the Czech Lands. While German Studies at the German university of Prague since 1882, when the University of Prague was divided into two autonomous – German and Czech – institutions, continued its pedagogical and scientific activities, it was necessary to establish German studies at the Czech university of Prague. Despite the progressive specialization of German Studies in German language and literature and the following internal differentiation of German Studies into older and newer German language and literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, great attention was traditionally paid to the older German language and literature in the curriculum of German Studies. The teaching here focused mainly on the analysis and interpretation of Gothic, Old and Middle High German texts from a linguistic and literary point of view. After 1900, the content of diachronic courses changed for German Germanists in favor of prehistory, dialectology and onomastics, and for Czech Germanists it was directed towards German-Czech language contacts, especially in the lexicon. These changes in the teaching profile and scholarly area were related not only to the development of German Studies, but also to social changes, especially in the 1930s and 1940s.","PeriodicalId":234203,"journal":{"name":"AUC PHILOLOGICA","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132455665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/24646830.2023.16
Martin Humpál
The article examines similarities between ”Glahns død. Et papir fra 1861”, i.e., the second part of Knut Hamsun’s novel Pan (1894), and Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness (1899). The comparative analysis demonstrates that the two texts have several common features both in terms of setting, thematic aspects and narrative technique. Both ”Glahns død” and Heart of Darkness take as a point of departure a riverboat journey into the jungle. Both texts thematize the differences between the European civilization and the “uncivilized” exotic world and focus on the contrasts between the civilized and the primitive life, the rational and the irrational behavior. Both stories are narrated by a male narrator personality that is strongly fascinated by another man, and in each case the text involves a partially unreliable witness type of narrator. The article describes some of these common features as modernist and confirms the position of both novels in early modernism.
这篇文章探讨了“格兰德”和“格伦德”之间的相似之处。Et papir fra 1861”，即克努特·哈姆生的小说《潘》(1894)的第二部分和约瑟夫·康拉德的小说《黑暗的心》(1899)。对比分析表明，这两个文本在语境、主题和叙事手法上都有一些共同的特点。《格兰斯·d·d》和《黑暗之心》都以乘船进入丛林为出发点。两篇文本都将欧洲文明与“未开化”的异域世界的差异作为主题，关注文明与原始生活、理性与非理性行为的对比。这两个故事都是由一个被另一个男人深深吸引的男性叙述者讲述的，在每个故事中，文本都涉及到一个部分不可靠的目击者类型的叙述者。本文描述了这两部小说作为现代主义小说的一些共同特征，并确定了两部小说在早期现代主义中的地位。
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