Ugeskrift for laeger最新文献

Health inequalities are large and growing in Denmark as elsewhere. This review presents a model used by The Danish Health Authority which specifies mechanisms and entry-points for preventive and clinical interventions to mitigate the health divide. Five mechanisms are specified: differential exposure and differential susceptibility to their health effects, differential disease consequences, synergetic interaction between clustering disorders and feedback loops of disease consequences acting as causes.

Despite low TB incidence in Denmark, the disease disproportionately affects vulnerable groups. Implementation of screening, contact tracing, and preventive treatment remains fragmented. A national TB elimination plan, combining targeted outreach and social support, is needed to align with WHO goals and move toward elimination by 2050, as argued in this review.

This case highlights chronic infection caused by a permanent suture used in rectus diastasis repair. A patient developed multiple suture granulomas over three years, with confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Surgical removal of all visible suture material led to resolution. Biofilm formation on non-absorbable sutures poses a risk for persistent infection. Slowly absorbable sutures should be the preferred choice in RD repair to minimise long-term complications.

This case report describes a 68-year-old woman with COPD and emphysema who developed persistent lung cavities following severe community-acquired pneumonia. She subsequently received repeated courses of prednisolone due to clinical suspicion of an organising process, suspected recurrence thereof, and COPD exacerbations. The patient developed chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, confirmed by imaging and microbiology. She responded well to long-term azole therapy, with both radiological and symptomatic improvement, as well as normalisation of Aspergillus fumigatus IgG.

One-third of the world's population is affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recent studies suggest that MASLD is associated with cognitive dysfunction, even in the early stages of the disease. It is believed that MASLD contributes to systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and early brain ageing, which can lead to cognitive dysfunction, as covered in this review. For now, further clinical studies are needed to unveil the optimal test for diagnosing and characterising cognitive dysfunction in MASLD.

Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), e.g., with onset before the age of 18 years, is a complex and disabling psychiatric illness. While the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia focus on first-rank symptoms, hallucinations, delusions, catatonia and/or thought disorders, youths with EOS usually present with several years of various psychological problems. Other symptoms, such as signs of autism, depression, anxiety or ambivalence, frequently dominate the clinical presentation. The present review describes examples of typical mental health problems experienced by EOS patients.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) is a life-threatening condition characterised by systemic hyperinflammation and is often triggered by infections, malignancies, or autoimmune disease. The HScore is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the likelihood of HLH/MAS based on clinical, biochemical, and histological findings. This case describes a patient with polymyositis developing MAS, indicated by an HScore of 219. He was treated with IV anakinra, steroids, and immunoglobulin, leading to significant improvement. This case emphasises the importance of early MAS recognition and timely intervention in critical conditions.

This review examines growth-related injuries in children and youth football players, emphasising the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to injury prevention and rehabilitation. It highlights the physiological differences between young and adult athletes, outlines specific injury types associated with growth phases, and explores key rehabilitation factors, including nutrition, sleep, and mental well-being.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and affect multiple organ systems. During pregnancy, fetal oxygen supply is dependent on sufficient uteroplacental perfusion, which can be compromised during anaphylactic shock. We present two cases of anaphylactic shock during labour, highlighting that early recognition and prompt treatment are key to a successful outcome. Furthermore, regular training of healthcare professionals is essential.