Ugeskrift for laeger最新文献

Many children experience significant preoperative anxiety that affects cooperation and recovery. This review finds that age-appropriate communication, positive framing, and active parental involvement help reduce fear and support calm induction. Clear, individualised plans and supportive strategies improve safety, trust, and overall quality of pediatric anesthesia care.

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in the pediatric population. Even though the presentation and diagnosis are often straightforward, there are a multitude of differential diagnoses, benign as well as malignant, that can mimic atopic dermatitis. This review gives an overview of the current and most relevant differential diagnoses in the pediatric population.

Oral cavity cancer requires early recognition and multidisciplinary management. This review outlines key clinical signs, diagnostic pathways, treatment strategies, common complications, and rehabilitation. General practitioners and ENT specialists play a crucial role in early detection and follow-up. Treatment is primarily surgical, often followed by radiotherapy. Rehabilitation and quality of life are essential aspects of care. The review reflects current national guidelines and practice in Denmark.

Consumer wearables enable continuous cardiac monitoring through photoplethysmography and electrocardiography. Twenty per cent of Danes now share wearable data with physicians. Evidence shows high accuracy for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection, but anticoagulation for device-detected AF remains controversial. Ethical challenges include data quality, interoperability, health equity, fairness and privacy. While patients increasingly use wearables, clinical integration requires standardisation, clinician education, and evidence-based guidelines to balance opportunities with limitations, as argued in this review.

Benign lesions in the oral mucosa are common and often painful. They have many underlying etiologic factors, most commonly infection, immune-related, or traumatic. Pathological mucosal conditions of the oral cavity commonly present as white, red, blue, or pigmented lesions. This article reviews the most important benign oral mucosal lesions, organised according to clinical presentation and typical appearance, and explains how to diagnose them.

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder affecting ~10% of reproductive-age women. It is underdiagnosed, with delays of 5-12 years. Symptoms include dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, fatigue, and infertility with endometriosis present in up to 50% of infertile patients. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, imaging (TVUS/MRI), and occasionally laparoscopy. Pathogenesis involves retrograde menstruation, genetic and immunologic factors. Management includes analgesics, hormonal therapy, surgery, physiotherapy, and psychosocial support, as argued in this review.

Percheron infarction is a rare stroke subtype caused by a single arterial branch from the posterior cerebral artery supplying both paramedian thalami. In this case, we report a 70-year-old man presenting with sudden impaired consciousness, vertical gaze palsy, and dysarthria. Initial CT head was normal, while MRI confirmed bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarcts. This condition should be considered in patients with acute unexplained consciousness disturbance.

A 25-year-old man with autism was admitted for suspected psychosis. He had jaundice, abnormal liver tests, splenomegaly, and progressive cognitive decline with vertical gaze palsy. Antipsychotics and ECT were ineffective. Family history (sister with cognitive problems and splenomegaly) prompted genetic testing, revealing two pathogenic NPC1 variants, confirming Niemann-Pick type C. This case highlights a rare adult-onset psychiatric NPC and the importance of early multidisciplinary assessment and relative involvement.

Deprescribing is often challenged by differing attitudes of patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals. Such attitudes are summarised in this review. Patients may hold conflicting views, relatives influence decisions, and healthcare professionals face barriers such as a lack of guidance, uncertainty about benefits and harm, and resource constraints. Increasing awareness of these perspectives and integrating structured tools, clear guidance, and patient involvement in the deprescribing process can support shared decision-making and improve clinical practice and patient outcomes.