Ugeskrift for laeger最新文献

This review summarises studies on transgender individuals' satisfaction, regret, sexual well-being, and psychosocial outcomes after gender-affirming surgery. Qualitative studies with follow-up from months to years show satisfaction rates of 59-93% after top surgery and 61-88% after bottom surgery. Regret was low (0-4.7%). Several studies also reported improvements in mental health and quality of life, though many relied on non-validated and inconsistent outcome measures.

In this review, pneumocephalus - a pathological condition that most commonly refers to intracranial air located in the epidural or subdural spaces, the ventricles, or within the brain parenchyma - is investigated. Symptoms include headache and a pathognomonic splashing sound on head movement. In the absence of symptoms, conservative treatment is recommended, and in the presence of mild symptoms, oxygen therapy can accelerate intracranial air resorption. In some cases, simple pneumocephalus can progress to tension pneumocephalus, a potentially life-threatening condition that may require acute neurosurgical intervention.

In this case report, we present a 55-year-old woman with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who developed a perforated duodenal ulcer in the gastric remnant. Diagnosing this condition was challenging, as CT showed no free air in the abdomen - a typical limitation in this patient group because air in the gastric remnant is absorbed over time. Therefore, this case report highlights the need for increased awareness of this rare but serious condition and emphasises maintaining a low threshold for intervention.

This review investigates how recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) affects ~16% of patients within 5 years after curative surgery and is linked to high mortality. Early dissemination and tumor dormancy challenge detection. Most recurrences occur in the liver, lungs, or peritoneum. Follow-up aims to detect early, but the survival benefits are uncertain. Around half of patients with recurrence may receive curative treatment, often involving surgery or chemotherapy. More research is needed to improve outcomes.

Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, offering effective symptom relief with fewer complications than traditional surgery. This is a case report of a 68-year-old male with an enlarged prostate who developed contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) post-PAE, progressing to dialysis-dependent renal failure and cardiac arrest. Prompt dialysis and ICU care stabilized renal function, with recovery observed at eight weeks. This case underscores the need for vigilance in high-risk patients to mitigate AKI risk and optimize PAE outcomes.

Irreparable rotator cuff tears show increasing incidence with age. In symptomatic cases, first-line therapy should be a minimum of six months of physical training, as many improve over time. Reparability is evaluated clinically and by MRI - assessing tendon retraction, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. If symptoms persist, surgical treatment is considered: reverse shoulder arthroplasty is generally offered to older patients (> 60 years), while joint-preserving procedures such as tendon transfer or superior capsular reconstruction may be suitable for younger patients (less-than 60 years), as argued in this review.

This case report presents an 82-year-old woman who presented with acute thoracic pain and back pain. The CT angiography excluded rupture but showed a progressing penetrating aortic ulcer with adjacent rib fracture and diastasis as the cause of the patient's pain.

Two patients with severe leptospirosis, infected in Denmark, developed multi-organ failure. A previously healthy woman presented with poor general condition and was diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid PCR. A man with hypertension developed cardiopulmonary failure and tested positive for Leptospira in urine. In this case report, both received intensive care with vasopressors and antibiotics, improved clinically, and were discharged for follow-up.

A 29-year-old male with prior testicular cancer and daily ketamine use developed severe lower urinary tract symptoms due to bladder fibrosis. Despite multiple treatments - botulinum toxin type A , bladder distension, and medications - his condition progressed to hydronephrosis, recurrent urosepsis, and acute kidney injury requiring nephrostomies. Eventually, a Bricker bladder was created. The case highlights ketamine-associated uropathy as an ongoing and underrecognized issue, stressing the importance of early cessation and targeted intervention.