Ugeskrift for laeger最新文献

Keratinocyte cancer (KC) cases have risen by 172% in Denmark over the last decade and the lifetime risk of developing KC is at least 22%. This highlights the need for innovative strategies in KC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. To reduce incidence, new prevention methods are crucial. New diagnostics using non-invasive scanning can streamline patient care, especially for low-risk tumours and patients with multiple tumours. New treatments can be more effective and with fewer side effects. Together, these initiatives can improve the patient journey and ease the burden on healthcare resources, as argued in this review.

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin disorder that primarily affects children but can continue into adulthood. In this review we describe that the cause of atopic dermatitis is a combination of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Patients with atopic dermatitishave an increased risk of developing food allergies, hay fever, and asthma. The disease is often mild, but for patients with moderate to severe disease, symptoms can be debilitating, and new treatments may improve the daily life of these patients.

Lasers, light sources and energy-based devices are increasingly used for dermatological conditions. The Danish Dermatological Laser Society has in 2024 updated the recommendations for distinguishing medical laser treatments to be provided free of charge from self-payment treatments. Several considerations underlie these recommendations, eg. diagnosis, aetiology, severity, location of the disease etc. In this review, the authors suggest that the recommendations constitute the basis for referring patients to dermatological laser treatment in Denmark.

In recent years, we have witnessed a rise in antifungal resistance, notably due to the emergence of Trichophyton indotineae, which is highly resistant to terbinafine. In Denmark, Trichophyton rubrum remains the most frequent causative agent. Antifungal susceptibility testing when resistance is suspected is critical for guiding treatment decisions. To prevent recalcitrant dermatophytosis from becoming endemic, it is essential to implement surveillance programs, screen close contacts, and restrict the use of topical antifungal agents.

Pityriasis versicolor is a skin condition caused by Malassezia yeast, leading to pink to reddish hypo- or hyperpigmented, slightly scaly patches usually located at the sebaceous skin areas, i.e. upper trunk and arms. Subjective symptoms are rare, but include itch. In Scandinavia, the prevalence ranges from 0.5% to 4%. Risk factors include genetics, and immune suppression. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but may be supplemented by microscopy showing a "spaghetti meatballs" sign. Treatment involves topical or systemic antifungals. The prognosis is generally good, but recurrence may occur, as argued in this review.

This review focuses on the characteristics of vitiligo with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment options. Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease affecting approximately 0.4% of the world's population. It can lead to stigmatization and a decrease in quality of life. The diagnosis is often straightforward, but there are many other skin conditions which can cause loss of pigmentation. The treatment options have been scarce until 2022 when the first treatment was approved, and today several other treatments are in clinical trials.

This review covers the recent literature on various treatment strategies, associated comorbidities and diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can pose a considerable challenge to treat. HS is associated with various comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and psychiatric disorders. Data demonstrates a significant diagnostic delay, which may contribute to the long preceding treatment history with multiple drug classes and treatment series before initiation of biologic therapy. Although adalimumab, secukinumab, and bimekizumab are the only approved biologics by EMA for moderate to severe HS, many promising biologics are currently being investigated for moderate to severe HS.