Electronegativity has been one of the most important concepts in chemistry. It plays a critical role in fundamental chemistry courses. This paper proposed a view of three periods on the development of electronegativity. The process of deepening and gradually developing in understanding of electronegativity scale is briefly described. On the basis of a brief description of different electronegativity scales, the difference between absolute electronegativity scale, Pauling type electronegativity scale, Allen electronegativity scale and its modified Rahm electronegativity scale were discussed emphatically. The re-discussion is undoubtedly helpful for the in-depth understanding about the concept of electronegativity and the reform of teaching contents in fundamental studies.
{"title":"Re-discussion on the Development of Electronegativity Scales","authors":"Ren-qing Lü, 山东 青岛 sup 中国石油大学理学院, T. Sun, Fang Wang, Shutao Wang, 山东 东营 sup 胜利第一中学化学组","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201903038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201903038","url":null,"abstract":"Electronegativity has been one of the most important concepts in chemistry. It plays a critical role in fundamental chemistry courses. This paper proposed a view of three periods on the development of electronegativity. The process of deepening and gradually developing in understanding of electronegativity scale is briefly described. On the basis of a brief description of different electronegativity scales, the difference between absolute electronegativity scale, Pauling type electronegativity scale, Allen electronegativity scale and its modified Rahm electronegativity scale were discussed emphatically. The re-discussion is undoubtedly helpful for the in-depth understanding about the concept of electronegativity and the reform of teaching contents in fundamental studies.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70215102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx201905031
Li-min Shao
: A statistical software package is developed for the course of chemical analysis. The software calculates cumulative distribution functions and inverse cumulative distribution functions of normal, t , (cid:2031) (cid:2870) , and F distributions; it also provides critical values for tests of statistical significance. The software is designed to substitute for traditional data tables that are insufficient and obscure. Statistical problems can be solved more efficiently with the software than with traditional data tables, which enables students to focus on understanding statistical principles and interpreting results. The software provides information through an intuitive interface, a graph, and natural interactions. Both Matlab and Android versions are presented, and free of charge.
{"title":"Developing a Software Package for Statistical Applications in the Course of Chemical Analysis","authors":"Li-min Shao","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201905031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201905031","url":null,"abstract":": A statistical software package is developed for the course of chemical analysis. The software calculates cumulative distribution functions and inverse cumulative distribution functions of normal, t , (cid:2031) (cid:2870) , and F distributions; it also provides critical values for tests of statistical significance. The software is designed to substitute for traditional data tables that are insufficient and obscure. Statistical problems can be solved more efficiently with the software than with traditional data tables, which enables students to focus on understanding statistical principles and interpreting results. The software provides information through an intuitive interface, a graph, and natural interactions. Both Matlab and Android versions are presented, and free of charge.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70216545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This paper introduces the reform measures on the general chemistry principle laboratory, which is provided for the science-majored students by the chemistry laboratory center of Xi’an Jiaotong University after the admissions by categories. The reform involves many aspects, including reforming the laboratory teaching system, adopting the hybrid teaching method, blending in the course ideological element and strengthening the process evaluation, etc. These measures correspondingly enhanced the cultivation to the students’ awareness of environmental, active exploration, scientific thinking and practical and realistic scientism. The acquired results were also presented.
{"title":"Teaching Reform of the Experiment of General Chemistry Principle by Cultivating Applied Innovative Talents","authors":"Dan Xiang, 西安 sup 西安交通大学理学院化学实验教学中心, Peihong Gao, Junyan Liang, Yanhong Bai, Wen Zhang, Yinhuan Li, 西安 sup 西安交通大学理学院应用化学系","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201905073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201905073","url":null,"abstract":": This paper introduces the reform measures on the general chemistry principle laboratory, which is provided for the science-majored students by the chemistry laboratory center of Xi’an Jiaotong University after the admissions by categories. The reform involves many aspects, including reforming the laboratory teaching system, adopting the hybrid teaching method, blending in the course ideological element and strengthening the process evaluation, etc. These measures correspondingly enhanced the cultivation to the students’ awareness of environmental, active exploration, scientific thinking and practical and realistic scientism. The acquired results were also presented.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70217031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The teaching quality improvement reform is carried out in this paper, in view of the problems existing in the teaching of the core courses of organic chemistry. Through refining the teaching implementation plan, the students are guided to preview actively before class. Through the segmented class teaching, students participate more efficiently in the class. Through the multi-level practice after class, the students’ comprehensive ability is improved. By improving the challenge of the course test, students are guided to focus on the development of thinking skills and comprehensive capability. After a school year’s teaching reform practice, the learning initiative, thinking ability and comprehensive ability of students have been significantly improved. This lays a solid foundation for the cultivation of innovative talents with knowledge, ability and comprehensive thinking.
{"title":"Reform Practice of Teaching Quality Improvement in Core Courses of Organic Chemistry","authors":"Yunxia Wang, Yinjuan Bai, Jianli Li, Junlong Zhao, Shiping Zhang, Qin Wei, Lanying Wang","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201906050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201906050","url":null,"abstract":": The teaching quality improvement reform is carried out in this paper, in view of the problems existing in the teaching of the core courses of organic chemistry. Through refining the teaching implementation plan, the students are guided to preview actively before class. Through the segmented class teaching, students participate more efficiently in the class. Through the multi-level practice after class, the students’ comprehensive ability is improved. By improving the challenge of the course test, students are guided to focus on the development of thinking skills and comprehensive capability. After a school year’s teaching reform practice, the learning initiative, thinking ability and comprehensive ability of students have been significantly improved. This lays a solid foundation for the cultivation of innovative talents with knowledge, ability and comprehensive thinking.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70218789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx201906035
Yuliang Jiang, W. Bi, Jian Du, Jing Yang
: Instrumental analysis laboratory is one of the important courses in chemistry and related profession. Combining with the course characteristic and training objective, comparative teaching method has been brought into the classroom teaching. The meaning and function of the comparative teaching method have been pointed out. The practice and application of comparing in laboratory teaching have been introduced. The method has enhanced students’ knowledge to all kinds of instruments functions and the features stimulated students’ interest in experiment and the innovation spirit. Their cognitive abilities have been continuously built, enriched, improved and developed in the process of comparing. Good teaching results have been achieved.
{"title":"Application of Comparative Teaching Method in Instrumental Analysis Laboratory","authors":"Yuliang Jiang, W. Bi, Jian Du, Jing Yang","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201906035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201906035","url":null,"abstract":": Instrumental analysis laboratory is one of the important courses in chemistry and related profession. Combining with the course characteristic and training objective, comparative teaching method has been brought into the classroom teaching. The meaning and function of the comparative teaching method have been pointed out. The practice and application of comparing in laboratory teaching have been introduced. The method has enhanced students’ knowledge to all kinds of instruments functions and the features stimulated students’ interest in experiment and the innovation spirit. Their cognitive abilities have been continuously built, enriched, improved and developed in the process of comparing. Good teaching results have been achieved.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70219065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx201911049
Yuxuan Chang, Lin Shi, Jingpei Jia, Yijun Li, Dongsheng Guo
“Physical chemistry experiments” is one of the most important undergraduate chemistry experiment courses in many universities. Comprehensive as they are, these courses suffer from a drawback of lacking an experiment that connects the knowledge between different chapters and to the frontier research of the chemical society. Inspired by a published work of Prof. Dongsheng Guo’s group concerning the detection and imaging of cholinesterase using a sequentially activated diacetylene probe, we designed a physical chemistry experiment of “The photopolymerization, thermochromism and application of diacetylene vesicle”. We focused on the preparation of diacetylene vesicle, the photopolymerization of diacetylene, the thermochromism of polydiacetylene, and further explored the experiment’s potential application on the anti-forgery technology. We hope that by performing this experiment, students can have deeper understanding of different fields of physical chemistry, such as colloid, photochemistry, thermodynamics, dynamics etc., and can know more about current chemistry research on selfassembly, photopolymerization, chromogenic materials, anti-forgery, etc.
{"title":"Photopolymerization, Thermochromism and Application of Diacetylene Vesicle","authors":"Yuxuan Chang, Lin Shi, Jingpei Jia, Yijun Li, Dongsheng Guo","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201911049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201911049","url":null,"abstract":"“Physical chemistry experiments” is one of the most important undergraduate chemistry experiment courses in many universities. Comprehensive as they are, these courses suffer from a drawback of lacking an experiment that connects the knowledge between different chapters and to the frontier research of the chemical society. Inspired by a published work of Prof. Dongsheng Guo’s group concerning the detection and imaging of cholinesterase using a sequentially activated diacetylene probe, we designed a physical chemistry experiment of “The photopolymerization, thermochromism and application of diacetylene vesicle”. We focused on the preparation of diacetylene vesicle, the photopolymerization of diacetylene, the thermochromism of polydiacetylene, and further explored the experiment’s potential application on the anti-forgery technology. We hope that by performing this experiment, students can have deeper understanding of different fields of physical chemistry, such as colloid, photochemistry, thermodynamics, dynamics etc., and can know more about current chemistry research on selfassembly, photopolymerization, chromogenic materials, anti-forgery, etc.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70220349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx201912001
Xiaosai Quan, Xiuqin Men, Junqing Wang, Ying Zhou, Jun Yao
: The preparation of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid from benzaldehyde by Cannizarro reaction was the common content of organic chemistry laboratory teaching. Nevertheless, due to its time consuming, low yield and inefficient isolating method, this experimental design was far from satisfactory in teaching. The following improvements have been made: Microwave radiation method was introduced, and the synthesis conditions was optimized by orthogonal test design. Under optimized conditions which was 50% KOH, microwave radiation at 500 W for 15 min, the reaction was completed. The yield of benzyl alcohol could reach 82.0%. Benzyl alcohol was isolated by column chromatography instead of distillation, to avoid the formation of distillation by-products. The yield of benzyl alcohol in crude products was determined quickly and accurately by spectrophotometry without separation. The comparison showed that the improved method could reduce the time by 99% and increase the yield by 15%. In addition, the extraction agent was more safe. The improvement was more responsive to the increasing requirements of laboratory training development.
{"title":"Improvement and Innovative Design on Preparation of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid","authors":"Xiaosai Quan, Xiuqin Men, Junqing Wang, Ying Zhou, Jun Yao","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201912001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201912001","url":null,"abstract":": The preparation of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid from benzaldehyde by Cannizarro reaction was the common content of organic chemistry laboratory teaching. Nevertheless, due to its time consuming, low yield and inefficient isolating method, this experimental design was far from satisfactory in teaching. The following improvements have been made: Microwave radiation method was introduced, and the synthesis conditions was optimized by orthogonal test design. Under optimized conditions which was 50% KOH, microwave radiation at 500 W for 15 min, the reaction was completed. The yield of benzyl alcohol could reach 82.0%. Benzyl alcohol was isolated by column chromatography instead of distillation, to avoid the formation of distillation by-products. The yield of benzyl alcohol in crude products was determined quickly and accurately by spectrophotometry without separation. The comparison showed that the improved method could reduce the time by 99% and increase the yield by 15%. In addition, the extraction agent was more safe. The improvement was more responsive to the increasing requirements of laboratory training development.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70220581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx201912061
Pingfan Li
Single-atom catalysis is a novel concept proposed by Chinese chemists recently, which has become a trending topic in the research of heterogeneous catalysis. Monatomic gas is an important knowledge point in high school chemistry education. Considering the similarity in Chinese language between “single-atom catalysis” and “monatomic gas”, and their very different meaning, this terminology is worth discussing.
{"title":"On the Terminology of Single-Atom Catalysis","authors":"Pingfan Li","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx201912061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201912061","url":null,"abstract":"Single-atom catalysis is a novel concept proposed by Chinese chemists recently, which has become a trending topic in the research of heterogeneous catalysis. Monatomic gas is an important knowledge point in high school chemistry education. Considering the similarity in Chinese language between “single-atom catalysis” and “monatomic gas”, and their very different meaning, this terminology is worth discussing.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70220766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2020 spring semester has been postponed due to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China. The teaching group of Basic Chemistry 2 in Beihang University has offered a practical proposal for online course. This proposal takes all measures to make sure the successful teaching activity, including MOOC, effective communication among teachers and students, great teaching group work, database of teaching materials and mixed teaching strategy.
{"title":"Online Teaching Plan of “Basic Chemistry 2” under the Situation of School Semester Postponement","authors":"Xianyong Lu, Dapeng Liu, Yujie Zhu, Dongfeng Zhang","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx202003001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx202003001","url":null,"abstract":"2020 spring semester has been postponed due to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China. The teaching group of Basic Chemistry 2 in Beihang University has offered a practical proposal for online course. This proposal takes all measures to make sure the successful teaching activity, including MOOC, effective communication among teachers and students, great teaching group work, database of teaching materials and mixed teaching strategy.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70221829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3866/pku.dxhx202003109
Xiaolei Zhang, Chunxiao Jia, Hongliang Li
: Taking the online teaching of “inorganic chemistry” course at Dezhou University as an example, the “six steps before class, six steps in class, six steps after class” online course teaching model based on “Rain Class + Dingding Live” and an online “short class” were constructed. The main content and implementation methods of teaching design, teaching process, teaching effect, teaching reflection, teaching evaluation in online course teaching were discussed. It has been proved in practice that this model can effectively improve students’ learning interest and enhance teaching effects.
{"title":"Research and Practice of Blended Online Curriculum Teaching Model of “Six Steps Before Class, Six Steps During Class, Six Steps After Class”: In “Medium Inorganic Chemistry” Class Based on “Rain Classes + Dingding”","authors":"Xiaolei Zhang, Chunxiao Jia, Hongliang Li","doi":"10.3866/pku.dxhx202003109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx202003109","url":null,"abstract":": Taking the online teaching of “inorganic chemistry” course at Dezhou University as an example, the “six steps before class, six steps in class, six steps after class” online course teaching model based on “Rain Class + Dingding Live” and an online “short class” were constructed. The main content and implementation methods of teaching design, teaching process, teaching effect, teaching reflection, teaching evaluation in online course teaching were discussed. It has been proved in practice that this model can effectively improve students’ learning interest and enhance teaching effects.","PeriodicalId":23447,"journal":{"name":"University Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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