Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic environment chemical, has extensive presence in consumer goods and food/feed items. The present study aimed to explore how BPA influenced the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and steroidogenic activity of ovine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). GCs were isolated from ovine ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and were cultured for 2, 3, and 6 days in the presence of varying BPA concentrations (0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μm). The proliferation and cytotoxicity of the GCs were evaluated using kit assays, and the 72-h culture's spent media were pooled to measure the hormone concentrations. qPCR was performed for the study of gene expression-related apoptosis and steroidogenesis. For further confirmation of viability and apoptosis, the trypan blue exclusion test and Hoechst staining were performed. The findings revealed that the metabolic activity was significantly reduced at 50 μm, while the cell viability dropped notably (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 10 μm and above. Hormonal analysis indicated a biphasic response: estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly elevated at lower BPA concentrations (1 μm) but reduced from 25 μm onwards. Cytotoxicity assessments showed marked changes in LDH and GST activity at 50 μm and increased MDA and ROS levels at 25 and 10 μm. However, total antioxidant activity (CUPRAC) remained unchanged compared to control samples. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of ESR1, ESR2, PGR, and FSHR at 1 μm; BAX and CASP3 at 25 μm; and 17βHSD and BCL2 at 50 μm. Conversely, a significant downregulation was observed for 3βHSD1 at 1 μm, CYP19A1 at 50 μm, and StAR at 100 μm, with no notable changes in CYP11A1 and CYP17A1. Overall, the study demonstrated that BPA adversely affects GCs by disrupting their growth, steroidogenic function, and gene expression, exhibiting estrogenic effects at lower doses and suppressing hormone secretion at higher concentrations.

This study evaluated the effect of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina supplementation on the growth performance, feed intake, blood profile, excretion of helminth eggs, and coccidial oocysts in growing rabbits through two experiments. Eighty-four New Zealand White rabbits aged 40-50 days and averaging 790.04 ± 60.70 g, divided into 7 treatments of 12, were used in the first experiment for 56 days. Ninety rabbits aged 40-45 days and weighing 600 ± 50 g, divided into 10 treatments of 9 young rabbits, were used in the second experiment for 28 days. OG and VA leaves were harvested, dried, milled, and incorporated into the diet at 0% (control), 5%, 10%, and 15%. The treatments in Experiment 1 included a control treatment, as well as OG and VA administered at inclusion levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% each. Measured parameters included feed intake, feed conversion ratio, blood hematological and biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics. The treatments in Experiment 2 comprised OG-, OG supplemented at 5%, 10%, and 15%, and OG+ and VA-, VA supplemented at 5%, 10%, and 15%, and VA+'. Parameters measured included fecal excretion of oocytes and helminth eggs. A one-factor analysis of variance followed by linear and quadratic regression was performed on the production data, and then a generalized linear model was carried out on the egg and oocyst excretion data using the statistical software R. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. The results demonstrated that dietary inclusion of OG and VA leaf meals significantly improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio, average weight gain, and carcass yield (p < 0.05) compared to the control. In contrast, the excretion of helminth eggs and fecal coccidial oocysts was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), with an improvement in hematocrit levels (p < 0.05) at 15% supplementation. These findings suggest that incorporating OG and VA leaves at 15% in rabbit diets can enhance growth performance and effectively reduce gastrointestinal parasite loads.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can lead to treatment failure in human bacterial infections, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Brucellosis is a globally significant zoonotic infection caused by Brucella spp. bacteria, yet the frequency and extent of AMR in Brucella populations from humans are poorly characterised. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated AMR in populations of Brucella species responsible for the vast majority of brucellosis in humans (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis and B. canis). The search and inclusion criteria identified studies which used testing methods of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC: E-test, broth and agar dilution), with the main (doxycycline, streptomycin and rifampicin) and alternative (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin) antibiotics utilised in the treatment of human brucellosis. Out of 704 studies identified via SCOPUS, 2 were non-English, 401 were irrelevant, 230 were lacking key inclusion criteria and 20 had incomplete details and were excluded, leaving 51 for review; however, for Z-tests and meta-analysis, the absence of MIC_min/max data left 49 studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation systems were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Two of the antibiotics considered (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin) exhibited significant resistance. This resistance was reflected in 1-sample Z-tests, of which 39/228 (17.1%) produced an outcome of 'non-susceptible' or 'not proven to be susceptible', and these predominantly belonged to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15/34; 44.11%) and rifampicin (21/49; 42.85%). The type of meta-analysis was generic inverse variance weighted average. For rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sensitivity analysis produced a MIC₅₀ of 1.00 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01) and 0.50 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.49, 0.51), respectively. For rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, AMR was linked to the years before 2010, non-Asian continents and Brucella species when tested in mixed isolates. Therefore, more careful stewardship in the use of rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotics is necessary to prevent the development of AMR in Brucella.

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary List A infectious disease of domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals, causing considerable economic impact through production losses and trade bans on livestock.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of FMD and the distribution of FMD virus serotypes identified in Asian countries from 2008 to 2025.

Methods: A systematic search for studies on the prevalence of FMD in domesticated and wild animals was performed via PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, published between January 1, 2008, and March 1, 2025. Studies were selected according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis model in Stata v18.0 because significant heterogeneity was observed across studies.

Results: The overall pooled prevalence of FMD in Asian countries was 42.43% (95% CI: 35.55%-49.46%), with significant variation across species, countries, diagnostic techniques, years, and disease occurrence. Buffalo (74.30%) was the most affected species, followed by sheep (54.95%), cattle (51.6%), pigs (43.83%), and goats (15.62%). The highest pooled estimates were observed for outbreaks (51.48%), RT-PCR (54.13%), Bangladesh (72.86%), and vesicles as sample types (96.77%). Among the seven (7) serotypes, serotype O is prevalent in Asia, followed by A and Asia-1. Although rare in the region, SAT-2 has been detected only in Iraq among Asian countries.

Conclusion: FMD is endemic in most Asian countries. FMD, a List A disease, severely impacts the international trade of live animals and animal products due to its transboundary nature. Effective prevention, control, and eradication strategies, including strengthened surveillance, timely reporting, and the development of multivalent vaccines to achieve global FMD eradication, are essential.

Fascioliasis is a parasitic liver disease of mammals induced by liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Fasciola spp. rely on their definitive hosts, ruminants, and intermediate hosts, snails, to survive and can incidentally infect humans as definitive hosts. Ruminant (goat, sheep, and cattle) liver and fecal samples were collected from the Kharaa River Basin (KRB) of Mongolia during 2018-2020. A total of 807 adult liver flukes were found in livers of 18 goats, 21 sheep, and 1 cattle, with morphological identification of F. hepatica species. A total of 350 fecal samples selected using a "risk-based surveillance" method in the KRB were tested for Fasciola spp. eggs with 50.3% (n = 151/350) positive. By animal, cattle had the highest percentage of Fasciola spp. positive samples of 70% (14/20), followed by sheep with 49.4% (87/176) and goats with 32.5% (50/154). Six-hundred Lymnaied spp. snails, an intermediate host of Fasciola, were obtained from 18 locations in six provinces and one provincial municipality and morphometrically identified as Radix bactriana (94.8%) and Lymnaea stagnalis (5.2%). This study represents the first report of fascioliasis in indigenous animals in Mongolia and when paired with the detected prevalence of Fasciola spp. eggs in feces, suggests endemic circulation in the KRB region.

This prospective randomized clinical study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and surgical performance of laparoscopic salpingectomy as a method for permanent contraception in captive Papio hamadryas, with particular focus on comparing two vessel-sealing technologies: a radiofrequency bipolar device (LigaSure Dolphin Tip) and an ultrasonic scalpel (Harmonic). Thirty-two healthy female baboons (25 adults and 7 subadults), weighing between 4 and 15 kg-including six pregnant and fourteen in estrus-were randomly assigned to either the LigaSure (LS; n = 16) or Harmonic (HS; n = 16) group. All animals underwent bilateral laparoscopic salpingectomy using a standardized three-port technique. Surgical data included installation time (from skin incision to port placement), salpingectomy time (from final trocar placement to salpinx retrieval), and total surgical time (skin-to-skin). Intraoperative complications and postoperative recovery were monitored clinically and behaviorally. All procedures were successfully completed laparoscopically without the need for conversion or major complications. In the LS group, the mean (± SD) installation, salpingectomy, and total surgical times were 7.75 ± 3.51, 9.75 ± 4.16, and 28.9 ± 9.74 min, respectively, while in the HS group, the values were 7.56 ± 3.08, 11.3 ± 5.25, and 25.8 ± 6.62 min. Although the HS group showed slightly longer salpingectomy times, differences between groups were not statistically significant. Pregnant animals tended to require longer surgical times due to reduced intra-abdominal working space. Based on these results, laparoscopic salpingectomy was consistently feasible, safe, and effective across a range of body sizes and reproductive statuses. Both vessel-sealing devices performed reliably, and the procedure was well tolerated in all cases. These findings support the use of laparoscopic salpingectomy as a minimally invasive, efficient, and reliable option for permanent sterilization in captive nonhuman primate populations.

Tortoises, such as Chelonoidis denticulatus, are described as hosts of many parasites, such as helminths and ticks of the genus Amblyomma, which are important vectors of rickettsial infection in Brazil. Additionally, the high consumption of meat from these animals in Acre results in a high risk of zoonotic outbreaks due to contact with the hosts and, consequently, associated pathogens. This study aimed to describe the parasitic fauna of C. denticulatus. Two sampling efforts were conducted: the capture of a sample population of tortoises at the Rio Acre Ecological Station (active search) and the collection of viscera from animals consumed in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul. Following active search and incidental findings, ectoparasite searches were performed, and fecal samples were collected for coproparasitological examination. After these procedures, the animals were released back into their habitat. In total, seven animals were collected, with ticks on various parts of their bodies. A total of 51 samples, identified as Amblyomma humerale, were sent for molecular analysis to search for Rickettsia (all negative). Eggs of helminths and protozoan cysts, such as Entamoeba spp., were found, indicating environmental contamination and a potential zoonotic risk. Viscera of 10 tortoises from Cruzeiro do Sul were analyzed to search for helminths, and the species Labiduris zschokkei, Chapiniella variabilis, and Haltrema spp. were observed. Considering that the sampled animals were free-living, the analysis highlights the importance of maintaining environmental quality. With respect to cultural aspects, the consumption of wild animals in the western Amazon of Brazil is evident, and C. denticulatus is one of the most consumed species. The contact of these species with humans, in a consumption relationship, is considered a risk factor for the emergence of spillover events, and monitoring the pathogens associated with these species is crucial.

Tick-borne pathogens, transmitted by ticks, infect humans and animals worldwide. The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is a significant vector of a number of pathogens, including Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia and Anaplasma species. In Ghana, there is limited information on the pathogens carried by Rh. sanguineus s.l. As such, Rh. sanguineus ticks taken from domestic dogs in Kumasi were screened for tick-borne pathogens, including Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia, Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Hepatozoon species. A total of 204 ticks collected from 56 infested dogs were morphologically identified as Rh. sanguineus s.l. From the 88 pools screened, 36 (40.9%) were positive for pathogen DNA. The pathogens identified were Rickettsia africae (5 pools), Ehrlichia canis (10 pools) and uncultured Anaplasma sp. (21 pools) with maximum likelihood estimates as 2.48% (95% CI: 0.93, 5.38%), 5.22% (95% CI: 2.69, 9.15%) and 11.20% (95% CI: 7.32, 16.29%), respectively. There was no association between the detection of a pathogen and the tick sex or dog breed, age or sex. This study provides important baseline data on the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Rh. sanguineus s.l. ticks in Kumasi, with implications for both veterinary and human health. The presence of uncultured Anaplasma sp. suggests a wider diversity of tick-borne bacteria with unknown pathogenicity. There is a need for integrated tick control, improved diagnosis and additional epidemiological studies to mitigate the impact of tick-borne diseases in Ghana.

The research focused on Wedelia montana (Blume) Boerl because of its numerous medicinal applications. W. montana belongs to the Asteraceae family. This investigation is intended to analyze the phytochemical content of the methanol extract of W. montana (MEWM) and evaluate its biological features by utilizing in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro examinations determined antioxidant capability, cytotoxic, anthelmintic, and thrombolytic activity of the MEWM. Furthermore, in vivo research included testing for the effects of antidepressants (TST and FST), effects on anxiety (LDT, HBT, and EPM), activities of sedatives (HCT and OFT), and analgesic activities (formalin-induced licking test and tail immersion test). Treatment with MEWM exhibited potent antioxidant properties, with a cytotoxicity test revealing an LC₅₀ value of 256.2 μg/mL, in contrast to 142.28 μg/mL for the positive control. It also resulted in the shortest times for paralysis and mortality at the highest dosage in the anthelmintic assay and notable thrombolytic activity (p < 0.0001). Moreover, MEWM has shown considerable efficacy contingent upon the FST, TST, EPM, HBT, and LDT dose and sedative effects in the OFT and HCT. A 200 mg/mL dosage in the analgesic assessment had no significant impact on the tail immersion test. However, MEWM demonstrated substantial analgesic action in the formalin-induced paw-licking experiment (p < 0.0001). The data indicate that MEWM is a potential source of antioxidant, cytotoxic, anthelmintic, thrombolytic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, and antinociceptive compounds. Further research is necessary to comprehend its therapeutic benefits completely.