Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

3D printing technology offers innovative and precise solutions for the fabrication of prosthetic devices for pets, leveraging its capabilities in personalized customization, swift response to production demands, and economic viability. This study explores the potential of 3D printing technology in creating customized pet prosthetics, offering an innovative solution for pets experiencing limb loss. A Chihuahua with severe left-front limb loss was selected as the research subject. After taking precise measurements of its body dimensions, a 3D model of the prosthetic limb was created using 3D Max software, and a full-limb prosthetic was printed using polylactic acid (PLA) as the material. The prosthetic was then fitted to the canine's body, and its efficacy was evaluated in detail. The evaluation of the efficacy of the prosthesis used in this study mainly involves observing its adaptability and comfort, functional recovery, durability, and economy. The results indicate that the prosthetic model, designed based on key body size data such as chest circumference, not only conformed to the canine's physiological characteristics in terms of structure but also effectively supported its body weight, facilitating a recovery to near-normal ambulatory and locomotor functions. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of 3D printing technology in pet prosthetics, providing valuable technical insights for similar clinical cases. In summary, 3D printing technology has shown significant potential in developing customized pet prosthetics. Its personalized design approach can substantially enhance the mobility of injured canines, improve their quality of life, and provide an innovative and efficient solution in the pet medical field.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of PCSO-524, a natural supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, as an adjunctive therapy for noninfectious pododermatitis (Grades 1-2) in rabbits. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded trial, 23 rabbits with noninfectious pododermatitis received either PCSO-524 or a placebo along with standard treatments for 56 days. PCSO-524 supplementation led to a statistically significant reduction in the mean lesion size of both hind limbs within the PCSO group compared to baseline (Day 0: 98.55 ± 52.75 mm², Day 56: 53.18 ± 21.54 mm²; p = 0.002), while the placebo group did not show significant changes (Day 0: 93.98 ± 43.88 mm², Day 56: 75.61 ± 115.68 mm²; p = 0.58). Both groups exhibited alterations in white blood cell populations (increased monocytes, decreased eosinophils) within normal ranges, and a consistently elevated heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HLR; > 1:1). No adverse events were associated with PCSO-524. This study provides initial evidence for the safety and potential efficacy of a natural supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunctive therapy for noninfectious pododermatitis in rabbits.

Platinum derivatives have been used in cancer treatment for several decades. However, the clinical effectiveness of these drugs is significantly hindered by their toxicity, resulting from accumulation in healthy cells and by the development of resistance in specific cancer cells. Previous research has successfully explored cisplatin's mechanisms of cell transport, its antineoplastic effects, and its toxicity. Nevertheless, quantifying platinum uptake in individual cells posed a technological challenge until recent advancements. The single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC ICP-MS) method utilized in this study addresses this challenge. In our experiments, we used two murine carcinoma cell lines, C26 (colorectal carcinoma) and 4T1 (mammary carcinoma), along with a healthy epithelial cell line (MDCK) derived from a canine kidney. The cell cultures were exposed to various concentrations of cisplatin (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 h, followed by three washing steps and centrifugation. We monitored morphological changes in the cell cultures using an Olympus IX70 inverted phase-contrast microscope, while cell counts were measured with a Merck Scepter 3.0 cell counter. The uptake of platinum and its intercellular distribution were assessed using a PerkinElmer NexION2000 ICP-MS. Different cell lines absorbed platinum to varying degrees when exposed to the same cisplatin concentrations. Higher drug concentrations corresponded to increased amounts of platinum measured within all cell cultures. This relationship was directly proportional for several cell lines within specific concentration ranges. Notable cell death occurred in all cell line cultures when exposure exceeded a particular concentration, resulting in cell fragmentation. The SC ICP-MS technique detected this as an increase in cell number. Our findings corroborate several previous studies and highlight the applicability of the SC ICP-MS method in both human and animal cancer research.

It is necessary to produce basic anatomical information for clinical examinations and necessary surgeries owing to the presence of the red fox in the wild and the health risks for these animals. In addition to being important in diagnosing animal injuries, imaging techniques provide the usual anatomical view of different body structures used in many studies. This study investigated the typical morphological and morphometric characteristics of normal, immature, and healthy male fox cervical vertebrae using a CT scan. A CT scanner with two detectors was used in the study. Several parameters were measured in five normal immature male and healthy foxes, and the results were evaluated. Some parameters, including vertebral body height (VBH) and vertebral body length (VBL), did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) in the cervical site, but some parameters, including spinous process height (SPH), transverse process length (TPL), and transverse process width (TPW), had significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cervical site. VBH had a constant measure from the second cervical vertebra to the seventh vertebra. The value of TPL varied from the first to the seventh cervical vertebra, and the highest measure was observed in the first vertebra. This study presents a complete and precise description and morphometric evaluation of cervical vertebrae in immature male red foxes using a CT scan. No specimen was killed, and anatomical studies were conducted through a CT scan technique as an essential feature of this study.

Objective: To investigate the current status of ophthalmic examinations, referral practices to specialized veterinary eye hospitals, and the associated challenges faced by veterinarians in South Korea.

Procedures: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in South Korea from April 23 to May 6, 2024. A total of 114 veterinarians participated in the study.

Results: Over 80% of respondents (n = 101) reported providing general ocular examinations, including vision testing and anterior segment examination. However, only about one-third (n = 35) performed fundus examinations. The main barriers to performing fundus exams were the high cost of equipment (70.3%), lack of diagnostic confidence (48.3%), and perceived low clinical need (28.1%).

Conclusion: While general ophthalmic services are widely available, the provision of fundic examinations remains limited. Addressing this gap may require increasing awareness of affordable diagnostic tools, enhancing veterinarians' diagnostic confidence through education and training, and emphasizing the clinical importance of fundic examinations.

This study determined the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with isolating L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species (Listeria spp.) from samples collected from cattle farms in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. A total of 475 samples comprising fresh faeces, pooled environmental faeces, silage, feeds and water were collected from 25 farms (feedlot, cow-calf operations and communal) in three districts (Bronkhorstspruit, Emalahleni and Middleburg). Standard bacteriological and molecular assays were used to isolate, identify and characterize Listeria isolates. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in farm samples was 2.5% (12/475) and 9.2% (44/475) (p < 0.05), respectively. The highest prevalence of isolation of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. was 5.9% (5/85) and 16.7% (5/30) in faeces and silage, respectively. Farm size was the only factor significantly (p < 0.05) associated with detecting L. monocytogenes; the only serotype detected was 1/2a, and all the isolates were positive for virulence genes hlyA and inlJ. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes in samples collected from cattle farms (2.5%) across the province, the detection of serotype 1/2a associated with human listeriosis and the positivity of all strains for one or more virulent genes all pose significant public health and food safety risks from the sources assessed. There is a need to implement measures to reduce or eliminate carriage or contamination by L. monocytogenes on cattle farms to avoid the entry of the pathogen into the human food chain in South Africa.

The Raid Hípico Uruguayo (RHU) is the oldest equestrian endurance sport in Uruguay. A high percentage of horses fail to complete RHU rides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether weather conditions (comfort index [CI]), horse experience, and ride distance affect horse performance (finishing ride [FR] or nonfinishing ride [NFR]) in the RHU. An additional objective was to determine whether finishing the ride affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of the horses. This study involved 17 RHU rides over distances of 60-90 km and 284 horses. Blood samples were taken before and after the competition or upon withdrawal (retired or eliminated). The nonfinishing group consisted of 169 horses. Horse performance was associated with CI (P < 0.05), but not with ride distance (P = 0.33). Horse experience tended to be associated with finishing the ride (P = 0.09). Hematocrit, creatine kinase activity, urea, and uric acid concentrations were greater in FR than in NFR horses (P < 0.05) and all parameters were affected by the time of sampling (P < 0.001), being higher in the postride sample. Weather conditions significantly affected horse performance during RHU competitions, whereas ride distance showed no effect. We observed changes in hematological and biochemical parameters regardless of the horse's performance. Most changes seemed to be caused by a decrease in blood volume, an increase in energy expenditure, and muscle damage that were not the result of metabolic disease but were related to a physiological response to the intensity and duration of exercise.

Anxiety and depression are psychiatric disorders strongly associated with insomnia. This study aimed to examine the sedative and anxiolytic activities of a 70% ethanol leaf extract of Cassia spectabilis DC (CS70EE) in a mouse model with electric foot shock (EFS)-induced stress. Male BALB/c mice were subjected to mild EFS (1 mA) for 15 × 1 s for five consecutive days. The stressed mice were administered various doses of CS70EE, diazepam, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5%) for comparison. The hole cross (HC) and thiopental sodium (TS)-induced sleep time method was used to assess sedative activity, while the elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used to assess anxiolytic activity. An in silico study was performed to predict the potential of active compounds in the extracts against sedative/anxiolytic target protein. The protein used is γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (PDB code: 3D32). CS70EE at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed sedative activity in mice by significantly decreasing the number of passages through the hole in the HC test and increasing the TS-induced sleep duration (p  <  0.05). In the EPM test, stressed mice that were administered the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in the time spent in the open arm (p  >  0.05). Meanwhile, molecular docking study in silico showed that spectaline compounds may play a crucial role in this activity. In conclusion, CS70EE exhibited sedative and anxiolytic effects in mice subjected to EFS-induced stress.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the primary cause of colibacillosis, a significant bacterial disease in poultry associated with high mortality rates and substantial economic losses. In Bangladesh, the poultry sector is crucial in ensuring food security and supporting livelihoods, yet APEC poses a significant challenge. The extensive use of antibiotics has heightened antimicrobial resistance (AMR), undermining the efficacy of therapeutic alternatives and raising public health issues. The present study assessed the prevalence, AMR, and virulence gene profiles of APEC and their environs (environmental E. coli [EEC]) in Bangladesh. All isolates demonstrated significant resistance, with more than 90% resistant to the most frequently used antibiotics (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and levofloxacin). The EEC isolates demonstrated a notably higher level of resistance compared to APEC (p < 0.05), indicating a greater exposure to antimicrobials in the environment. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was also notably high (98.94%). The study also profiled virulence-associated genes (VAGs), with the iron acquisition gene iroN being the most prevalent (69.5%), followed by ompT (58.8%) and hlyF (53.7%), indicating strong pathogenic potential in both APEC and EEC. However, the VAGs' distribution showed no significant difference between APEC and EEC, suggesting possible environmental reservoirs for the pathogenic strains. The existence of multiple VAGs, along with elevated resistance levels, emphasizes the dual threat posed by these isolates to both poultry and public health. Overall, the findings underscore the urgent need for improved biosecurity practices, prudent antibiotic use, and ongoing surveillance to mitigate the risks posed by resistant and virulent bacterial strains.

Porcine cysticercosis (PCC) is a food-borne zoonotic disease prevalent in resource-poor rural communities with free-range pig management systems and low sanitation practices. Various prevention and control strategies have been implemented in Tanzania, with this study highlighting the importance of community-based health education in controlling the Taenia solium parasite. The study evaluated the effectiveness of community-based health education using a cocreated health education package (HEP) on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of smallholder farmers, as well as on the prevalence of PCC in Kongwa and Songwe Districts, Tanzania. A cluster-randomized health education intervention was conducted between June 2019 and December 2021, with pre- and postintervention evaluations of PCC prevalence and smallholder farmers' KAP. A baseline cross-sectional study was followed by health education training utilizing the HEP, which included brochures, booklets, and posters. The training was provided to trainers (TOT) who, in turn, trained the community. A commercial Ag-ELISA kit (apDia, Belgium) was used to identify circulating antigens in pig serum and determine the PCC prevalence both before and after the intervention. A total of 692 and 486 respondents participated in face-to-face interviews during the baseline and postintervention periods, respectively. Concurrently, 692 and 317 pigs were sampled during these periods. At baseline, the seroprevalence of PCC was 10.2% in the intervention group and 9.1% in the control group. Twelve months following the health education intervention, the study observed significant improvements in knowledge (β = 1.779, p=0.004), attitudes (β = 1.024, p=0.038), and practices (β = 0.719, p=0.023) among participants. Additionally, a reduction in PCC prevalence was observed-3.9% in the intervention group and 0.9% in the control group-though this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.27-1.83; p=0.47). The reduction in PCC is a gradual process that likely requires a longer observation period to yield a measurable impact. The limited duration of follow-up may have constrained the study's ability to conclusively attribute the observed decline in PCC seroprevalence to the intervention. Evidence suggests that a comprehensive strategy targeting both intermediate and definitive hosts is essential. Therefore, future health education interventions should integrate mass drug administration for pigs and treatment of human taeniosis-an approach that could be effective in disrupting the lifecycle of Taenia solium.