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Fowl Cholera in Chickens: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Gondar City, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚贡达尔市鸡禽霍乱的诊断和表型耐药性的当前趋势。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/6613019
Abdo Megra Geda

Ethiopia, with an estimated chicken population of 17 million, serves as a source of high-quality animal protein, helping to reduce malnutrition, improve nutritional status, and provide food and food products. However, Ethiopia has not fully leveraged the value of chicken production due to various bacterial diseases, with fowl cholera (FC) being the most common. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight the current trends in the diagnosis of FC in chickens and asses its phenotypic drug resistance patterns in Gondar City. FC is an infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), which poses significant health and financial losses to the poultry industry. Culturally, the bacterium P. multocida can be isolated using bacteriological and biochemical tests from chicken infected with FC. Molecular-based techniques such as capsular and lipopolysaccharide genotyping, as well as nucleic acid amplification tests through PCR assays, are also among the best methods used to detect P. multocida. In conclusion, understanding the current trends in diagnosing FC and assessing its phenotyping drug resistance, which helps in choosing effective antibiotics in Gondar City, is essential. It is also important to assess the disease-associated factors that enhance the occurrence of the disease, in addition to providing the disease preventive and control measures and vaccination programs based on the diagnosis of its causative agent.

埃塞俄比亚估计有1700万只鸡,是高质量动物蛋白的来源,有助于减少营养不良,改善营养状况,并提供食品和食品产品。然而,由于各种细菌性疾病,禽类霍乱(FC)是最常见的疾病,埃塞俄比亚没有充分利用鸡肉生产的价值。因此,本综述的目的是强调目前冈达尔市鸡FC诊断的趋势,并评估其表型耐药模式。FC是一种由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的传染病,对家禽业造成重大的健康和经济损失。培养上,多杀假单胞杆菌可以通过细菌学和生化试验从感染FC的鸡中分离出来。基于分子的技术,如荚膜和脂多糖基因分型,以及通过PCR分析进行核酸扩增测试,也是用于检测多杀假单胞菌的最佳方法之一。总之,了解当前FC诊断趋势并评估其表型耐药情况,有助于Gondar市选择有效的抗生素。除了提供疾病预防和控制措施和基于病原体诊断的疫苗接种计划外,评估提高疾病发生的疾病相关因素也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Diversity and Population Dynamics of Clinostomum spp. Using Comprehensive Bioinformatics Approaches. 利用综合生物信息学方法研究沙蚕的遗传多样性和种群动态。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/6924523
Sk Injamamul Islam, Mohamed H Hamad, Wanarit Jitsamai, Channarong Rodkhum, Piyanan Taweethavonsawat

Clinostomum species, a parasitic pathogen of freshwater fish, is widely distributed and infects various host species. Recently, the pathological effect due to Clinostomum metacercarial infection was described in aquaculture in Thailand; however, the global genetic diversity and population structure of this species have not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of genetic diversity and population dynamics of the digenean Clinostomum isolated from Trichopodus pectoralis with globally recorded Clinostomum species. The species was characterized molecularly by analyzing 18S rDNA and inter-transcribed spacer biomarker genes (ITS1 and ITS2). A BLAST search discovered that the 18S rDNA and ITS sequence had a 100% sequence similarity with Clinostomum piscidium isolated from India and Thailand. A comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of 12 distinct haplotypes among the Clinostomum populations. This study suggests that distinct patterns of genetic variation were identified by analyzing molecular variance, pairwise Fst, and employing structure analysis. It was observed that a gradient of genetic variation exists within continents, characterized by higher levels within different groups and lower levels of genetic differentiation. Additionally, a notable presence of mixed haplotypes was observed. The results of neutrality testing suggest that there has been a significant expansion in the populations of Clinostomum in India, America, and Kenya. The discoveries from this study will provide a valuable contribution to comprehending the genetics and evolution of Clinostomum species. Furthermore, key findings will be essential in developing efficient management approaches to prevent and control this parasite.

弯口菌是淡水鱼的一种寄生病原体,分布广泛,可感染多种宿主。近年来,泰国水产养殖中出现了因囊蚴感染引起的病理效应;然而,目前对该物种的全球遗传多样性和种群结构尚未进行研究。因此,本研究旨在利用全球已有记录的胸三爪蝇(Trichopodus pectoralis)中分离的digenean Clinostomum的遗传多样性和种群动态进行详细描述。通过分析18S rDNA和转录间隔物生物标记基因(ITS1和ITS2),对该物种进行了分子表征。BLAST检索发现,18S rDNA和ITS序列与分离自印度和泰国的Clinostomum piscidium具有100%的序列相似性。综合分析发现,在Clinostomum种群中存在12种不同的单倍型。本研究表明,通过分子方差分析、两两Fst分析和结构分析,确定了不同的遗传变异模式。结果表明,各大洲间存在遗传变异梯度,不同类群间遗传分化程度较高,而不同类群间遗传分化程度较低。此外,还观察到明显存在混合单倍型。中性试验的结果表明,在印度、美国和肯尼亚,Clinostomum的种群数量显著增加。本研究的发现将为进一步了解斜口虫的遗传和进化提供有价值的贡献。此外,关键发现对于制定预防和控制这种寄生虫的有效管理方法至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Bishoftu Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia, and Assessment of Its Economic Loss and Community Awareness. 埃塞俄比亚比绍图市屠宰场屠宰的牛中包虫病的流行、经济损失评估和社区意识
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/6938807
Tesfaye Bekele, Nigate Fentaw, Ayichew Teshale, Solomon Mosu

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the intermediate stage of dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Objectives: The study investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts and the risk factors in cattle slaughtered at the Bishoftu municipal abattoir. It also analyzed the economic loss and community's awareness of this matter. Animals: 480 cattle brought for slaughtering were included in the study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Bishoftu municipal abattoir involving antemortem examination of cattle and postmortem hydatid cyst investigation, assessment of associated economic loss, and community awareness survey. Animals were selected systematically and cysts were investigated using standard meat inspection procedures. Results: 10.4% of the slaughtered cattle were found positive for hydatid cysts, with no statistically significant association with the considered risk factors. From 85 collected cysts, the lungs accounted for 55.3%, the liver for 29.4%, and the remaining 15.3% were from the spleen, kidney, and heart. About 47.1% of the cysts were fertile and 52.9% were infertile, of which, 37.5% were nonviable. In a survey of 100 individuals, 33.0% were unaware of hydatid disease, and 61.0% were unaware that the disease is zoonotic. Annual economic loss due to the case was estimated at 5,444,564.4 ($97,224.4). Conclusion: This study identified hydatid disease as a significant issue in cattle in Bishoftu, indicating the need for preventative and control measurements. Strategies such as deworming, controlling street dogs, establishing standardized abattoirs, and raising public awareness should be applied to alleviate the problem in Bishoftu and nationwide.

背景:犬棘球绦虫病是犬绦虫颗粒棘球绦虫中期引起的人畜共患疾病。目的:调查毕肖夫图市屠宰场屠宰牛中包虫病的流行情况及危险因素。分析了经济损失和社会对此事的认识。动物:研究中包括480头被宰杀的牛。方法:于2022年12月至2023年4月在比绍夫图市屠宰场进行横断面研究,包括牛的死前检查和死后包虫病调查,相关经济损失评估和社区意识调查。系统地选择动物,并使用标准肉类检查程序对囊肿进行调查。结果:10.4%的屠宰牛包虫病检出阳性,与考虑的危险因素无统计学意义的关联。85例囊肿中,肺占55.3%,肝占29.4%,其余15.3%来自脾脏、肾脏和心脏。可育性包囊占47.1%,不育性包囊占52.9%,其中不能存活包囊占37.5%。在对100人的调查中,33.0%的人不知道包虫病,61.0%的人不知道该疾病是人畜共患疾病。该案件造成的年度经济损失估计为5,444,564.4美元(97,224.4美元)。结论:本研究确定了包虫病是比绍图牛的一个重要问题,表明需要采取预防和控制措施。应该采取诸如驱虫、控制流浪狗、建立标准化屠宰场和提高公众意识等策略来缓解Bishoftu和全国范围内的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices on Antimicrobial Use in Animals Among Livestock Sector Stakeholders in Kenya. 肯尼亚畜牧业利益相关者对动物抗菌药使用的认识、态度和做法。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8871774
Jack O Omolo, Ruth Omani, Mark A Caudell, Tabitha Kimani, Stella Kiambi, Folorunso O Fasina
<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobials are used on farms to manage livestock diseases. In many developing countries, antimicrobial use (AMU) is insufficiently controlled, and antimicrobials are prone to misuse and abuse, thereby fostering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR remains a challenge in Kenya, and the extent remains unknown. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU among multisectoral stakeholders in Kenya. <b>Methods:</b> The cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among 381 livestock farmers in Busia, Nakuru, and Isiolo Counties, while 47 animal health service providers (AHSPs) and 32 One Health practitioners (OHPs) were enrolled across Kenya. The data collection tool uploaded on KoBoCollect software was used to collect information on demographics, farming systems, KAP on AMR and AMU, and sources of information. Descriptive statistics were performed. Knowledge was either correct or incorrect, while practices were assigned as desirable or undesirable. Bivariable analysis to assess factors associated with KAP using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence level (CL). The Pearson correlation test was conducted to test the correlation between demographic independent variables and farmers' KAP, <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> Most farmers, 234 (61.4%), were young adults between 30 and 49 years old. Additionally, 48.9% of the farmers had less than 5 years of experience in farming. Among the AHSPs, 76.6% were male, with 21 (44.7%) having 2-5 years of experience. All (32) OHPs had over 15 years of experience. Correct knowledge in AMR/AMU was observed in 52.6% of the farmers, 88.2% of AHSPs, and all OHPs. Desirable practices were observed in 133 (34.9%) of farmers, 22 (45.1%) of AHSPs, and 25 (76.4%) of OHPs. Among the farmers, having basic education was associated with correct knowledge (OR 4.07, <i>p</i>=0.0007); however, being male (OR 1.584, <i>p</i>=0.0456) and having a higher education level (OR 1.582, <i>p</i>=0.0165) were associated with desirable practices. There was a significant positive correlation between having correct knowledge and level of education (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), years of farming, and correct knowledge (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). However, years of farming negatively correlated with the desirable practices (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Farmers' preferred sources of information regarding AMR/AMU were friends 130 (33.9%), farmer meetings/workshops 99 (25.9%), and radio 41 (10.7%). AHSPs obtain information from scientific conferences/trainings (17) (65.4%), workshops (13) (50.0%), and TV and radio (12) (46.2%), while OHSPs mostly get information through college training (14) (58.3%) and workshops (8) (33.3%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Correct knowledge of AMR/AMU did not result in adopting the desirable practices. A better understanding of the socioeconomic aspects of welfare, good livestock production measures, and AMU stewardship will be desired. This study provides a foundation for
背景:农场使用抗菌素来控制牲畜疾病。在许多发展中国家,抗菌药的使用(AMU)没有得到充分控制,抗菌药容易被误用和滥用,从而导致抗菌药耐药性(AMR)的出现。在肯尼亚,AMR 仍是一项挑战,其严重程度仍不得而知。本研究评估了肯尼亚多部门利益相关者对 AMU 的认识、态度和做法 (KAP)。方法:这项横断面调查于 2021 年 8 月在布西亚、纳库鲁和伊西奥洛县的 381 名牲畜饲养者中进行,同时在肯尼亚各地招募了 47 名动物保健服务提供者 (AHSP) 和 32 名 "一体式 "保健从业人员 (OHP)。数据收集工具上载于 KoBoCollect 软件,用于收集有关人口统计学、养殖系统、AMR 和 AMU 的 KAP 以及信息来源的信息。对数据进行了描述性统计。知识分为正确或不正确,而做法则分为可取或不可取。在 95% 的置信水平(CL)下,使用几率比(OR)进行二变量分析,以评估与 KAP 相关的因素。进行了皮尔逊相关性检验,以检验人口学自变量与农民 KAP 之间的相关性(P < 0.05)。结果大多数农民(234 人,占 61.4%)是 30 至 49 岁的青壮年。此外,48.9%的农民从事农业生产的时间不足 5 年。在农田保健员中,76.6%为男性,21 人(44.7%)有 2-5 年的工作经验。所有(32 名)海外水产养殖户都有 15 年以上的经验。52.6%的农户、88.2%的农牧业专业人员和所有的职业健康促进人员对AMR/AMU有正确的认识。有 133 名(34.9%)农民、22 名(45.1%)助产士和 25 名(76.4%)海外保健员采用了可取的做法。在农民中,受过基础教育与知识的正确性有关(OR 4.07,p=0.0007);然而,男性(OR 1.584,p=0.0456)和受过高等教育(OR 1.582,p=0.0165)与理想做法有关。拥有正确知识与受教育程度(p < 0.0001)、务农年限和正确知识(p < 0.0001)之间存在明显的正相关。然而,耕作年限与理想实践呈负相关(p < 0.0001)。农民首选的 AMR/AMU 信息来源是朋友 130 个(33.9%)、农民会议/研讨会 99 个(25.9%)和广播 41 个(10.7%)。AHSPs从科学会议/培训(17)(65.4%)、研讨会(13)(50.0%)以及电视和广播(12)(46.2%)中获取信息,而OHSPs主要通过学院培训(14)(58.3%)和研讨会(8)(33.3%)获取信息。结论对 AMR/AMU 的正确认识并不能导致采取理想的做法。需要更好地了解福利的社会经济方面、良好的畜牧生产措施和 AMU 管理。本研究为制定有效的抗菌药物管理、最佳农场实践和干预计划以减少不适当的 AMU 提供了基础。公众影响:农场主的 AHSP 实践很可能会促进 AMR 的出现,这对动物和人类的健康都是一个挑战。
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices on Antimicrobial Use in Animals Among Livestock Sector Stakeholders in Kenya.","authors":"Jack O Omolo, Ruth Omani, Mark A Caudell, Tabitha Kimani, Stella Kiambi, Folorunso O Fasina","doi":"10.1155/2024/8871774","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8871774","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Antimicrobials are used on farms to manage livestock diseases. In many developing countries, antimicrobial use (AMU) is insufficiently controlled, and antimicrobials are prone to misuse and abuse, thereby fostering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR remains a challenge in Kenya, and the extent remains unknown. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU among multisectoral stakeholders in Kenya. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among 381 livestock farmers in Busia, Nakuru, and Isiolo Counties, while 47 animal health service providers (AHSPs) and 32 One Health practitioners (OHPs) were enrolled across Kenya. The data collection tool uploaded on KoBoCollect software was used to collect information on demographics, farming systems, KAP on AMR and AMU, and sources of information. Descriptive statistics were performed. Knowledge was either correct or incorrect, while practices were assigned as desirable or undesirable. Bivariable analysis to assess factors associated with KAP using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence level (CL). The Pearson correlation test was conducted to test the correlation between demographic independent variables and farmers' KAP, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Most farmers, 234 (61.4%), were young adults between 30 and 49 years old. Additionally, 48.9% of the farmers had less than 5 years of experience in farming. Among the AHSPs, 76.6% were male, with 21 (44.7%) having 2-5 years of experience. All (32) OHPs had over 15 years of experience. Correct knowledge in AMR/AMU was observed in 52.6% of the farmers, 88.2% of AHSPs, and all OHPs. Desirable practices were observed in 133 (34.9%) of farmers, 22 (45.1%) of AHSPs, and 25 (76.4%) of OHPs. Among the farmers, having basic education was associated with correct knowledge (OR 4.07, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.0007); however, being male (OR 1.584, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.0456) and having a higher education level (OR 1.582, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=0.0165) were associated with desirable practices. There was a significant positive correlation between having correct knowledge and level of education (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), years of farming, and correct knowledge (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). However, years of farming negatively correlated with the desirable practices (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Farmers' preferred sources of information regarding AMR/AMU were friends 130 (33.9%), farmer meetings/workshops 99 (25.9%), and radio 41 (10.7%). AHSPs obtain information from scientific conferences/trainings (17) (65.4%), workshops (13) (50.0%), and TV and radio (12) (46.2%), while OHSPs mostly get information through college training (14) (58.3%) and workshops (8) (33.3%). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Correct knowledge of AMR/AMU did not result in adopting the desirable practices. A better understanding of the socioeconomic aspects of welfare, good livestock production measures, and AMU stewardship will be desired. This study provides a foundation for ","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8871774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intestinal Biomarkers and Their Importance in Canine Enteropathies. 肠道生物标志物及其在犬肠道疾病中的重要性。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/7409482
Iago Martins Oliveira, Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro, Maria Eduarda Cardoso Cysneiros, Larissa Barbosa Torres, Vanessa Rezende Moraes, Lucas Rodrigues Ferreira, Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva, Murilo Rodrigues de Souza, Rafael Antônio Lopes Xavier, Paulo Renato Dos Santos Costa, Danieli Brolo Martins, Naida Cristina Borges

Enteropathies are prevalent in dog internal medicine, and their diagnosis involves a lengthy process. One of the tests requested is for biomarkers, which are important as they can provide data on intestinal functionality, intensity of inflammation, and response to treatment, and can help determine the prognosis. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the main serum and fecal intestinal biomarkers in dogs and proposed to refine the correlations between these indicators and enteropathies. It was observed that the main biomarkers used in the intestinal evaluation of dogs were alpha 1-proteinase inhibitory factor, immunoglobulin A, methylmalonic acid, serum folate, serum cobalamin, C-reactive protein, fecal and serum calprotectin, and dysbiosis index. However, we suggest that more research be carried out to clarify the relationship between enteropathies and intestinal biomarkers. We noticed a lack of studies on specific intestinal markers and indicator variables in healthy dogs and those with various enteropathies; moreover, no data are available on the association of these laboratory parameters.

肠病是普遍的狗内科,他们的诊断涉及一个漫长的过程。其中一项要求的测试是生物标志物,这很重要,因为它们可以提供肠道功能、炎症强度和对治疗反应的数据,并有助于确定预后。本研究旨在对狗的主要血清和粪便肠道生物标志物进行文献综述,并提出完善这些指标与肠道疾病之间的相关性。结果表明,用于犬肠道评价的主要生物标志物为α - 1蛋白酶抑制因子、免疫球蛋白A、甲基丙二酸、血清叶酸、血清钴胺素、c反应蛋白、粪便和血清钙保护蛋白以及生态失调指数。然而,我们建议进行更多的研究来阐明肠道疾病和肠道生物标志物之间的关系。我们注意到缺乏对健康狗和患有各种肠道疾病的狗的特定肠道标志物和指标变量的研究;此外,没有关于这些实验室参数之间关系的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrtional and Phytochemical Characterstics of Fruits and Vegetable Wastes as Livestock Feed: A Case Study in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 作为牲畜饲料的水果和蔬菜废弃物的营养和植物化学特性:埃塞俄比亚南部加莫区案例研究》。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4427876
Mitiku Yohannes, Yisehak Kechero, Yilkal Tadele

Fruit and vegetable producers were creating a large amount of waste in homes, cafeterias, and agroprocessing units. The majority of this waste is composted and disposed in landfills and waterways. Recycling these wastes as animal feedstuffs will lessen food-feed competition and minimize environmental hazards. This study was carried out in the Gamo zone of southern Ethiopia, in the heart of the southern rift valley, to ascertain the nutritional profiles of fruit and vegetable by-products in relation to livestock feed potentials. All fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) samples were collected from homes, marketing facilities, restaurants, and waste disposal facilities. Proximate, detergent fiber component, minerals, and antinutritional factors were among the analyses performed on the collected samples. The results showed that, highest CP values recorded from banana leaf, 15.8 ± 0.8 (%DM) followed by avocado peel (14 ± 0.8) among fruit by-products and that of highest values of vegetable components were obtained from Moringa oleifera strip (20.6 ± 1.25) sweet potato (18.5 ± 1.55), respectively. The highest ME (MJ/kg DM) contents obtained from avocado and mango by-products among fruit wastes, while that of highest values recorded for cassava and potato peel (12.2 ± 0.4) and (11.3 ± 0.1) among vegetable components, respectively. The antinutrients included in FVW, namely, tannin, oxalate, and phytate, did not exceed the maximum permissible level for animal needs, which is less than 5% of DM. The macro- and micromineral profiles of these by-products also show encouraging results that contribute to maintaining the mineral needs of farm animals. FVW can be a viable and alternative source of supplemental feed for farm animals that primarily rely on low-quality natural pasture and crop residues, and can partially replace more expensive feedstuffs and their efficient reuse would minimize environmental impacts associated with the disposal of such wastes.

水果和蔬菜生产者在家庭、食堂和农产品加工单位产生了大量垃圾。这些废物大部分被堆肥并丢弃到垃圾填埋场和水道中。将这些废物作为动物饲料回收利用,可以减少食品与饲料的竞争,并将环境危害降至最低。这项研究是在埃塞俄比亚南部裂谷中心的加莫地区进行的,目的是确定水果和蔬菜副产品的营养成分与牲畜饲料潜力的关系。所有水果和蔬菜废料(FVW)样本都是从家庭、销售设施、餐馆和废料处理设施中收集的。对收集到的样品进行了物性、洗涤纤维成分、矿物质和抗营养因子等分析。结果表明,在水果副产品中,香蕉叶的 CP 值最高,为 15.8 ± 0.8(%DM),其次是鳄梨皮(14 ± 0.8),油辣木条(20.6 ± 1.25)和甘薯(18.5 ± 1.55)的蔬菜成分值最高。在水果废物中,牛油果和芒果副产品的 ME(兆焦耳/千克 DM)含量最高,而在蔬菜成分中,木薯和马铃薯皮的 ME(兆焦耳/千克 DM)含量最高,分别为(12.2 ± 0.4)和(11.3 ± 0.1)。水果和蔬菜废料中的抗营养素,即单宁、草酸盐和植酸,没有超过动物需求的最高允许水平,即低于 DM 的 5%。这些副产品的宏观和微观矿物质含量也显示出令人鼓舞的结果,有助于维持农场动物对矿物质的需求。对于主要依赖低质量天然牧草和作物残留物的农场动物来说,FVW 是一种可行的替代性补充饲料来源,可以部分替代更昂贵的饲料原料,其有效再利用将最大限度地减少与处理此类废物相关的环境影响。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Bovine Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚西部 Nekemte 市屠宰场屠宰的牛群中牛包虫病的流行情况。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4978078
Abdu Muhammed, Yobsan Tamiru, Felmata Kenei, Nezif Zenu

Hydatidosis (cystic echinococcosis) is one of the major serious parasite infectious diseases that cause poor weight gain and organ condemnation, which contributes to Ethiopia's low cattle industry production. A cross-sectional study was performed at the Nekemte Municipal Abattoir, Western Ethiopia, from October 2020 to August 2021 with the aim of determining the prevalence of bovine hydatid cysts, assessing the related risk factors, and evaluating the organ level of distributions of the cysts. An antemortem examination and postmortem examination were performed as usual on all 220 chosen slaughtered cattle. We evaluated the organs of systemically selected cattle through visual inspection and palpation. Of the total number inspected, 44 (20%) had one or more hydatid cysts in one or more of their organs. Both age and sex of the cattle were significantly associated with the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis (X 2 = 5.928; p = 0.015; and X 2 = 4.086; p = 0.043, respectively) among the risk factors evaluated. 44 (20%) of the 220 animals evaluated were positive for hydatidosis. In terms of organ distribution, the liver accounted for 27 (61.4%), the lung for 16 (36.3%), and the spleen for 1 (2.3%). 34 (55.8%) of the 62 cysts counted and characterized were found in the liver, 27 (53.6%) in the lung, and 1 (2.3%) in the spleen. 22 (35.5%) of the 62 cysts collected were calcified, and 31 (50%) were found to be fertile. Of the 31 fertile cysts discovered, 7 (22.6%) were found in the liver, 23 (74.2%) in the lungs, and 1 (2.3%) in the spleen. Hydatidosis is still one of the most critical diseases that need careful consideration for prevention and control measures in the East Welega Zone, even with the moderate level of infection currently detected. This is because there appears to be a socioeconomic environment that is conducive to the disease. Therefore, the installation of regulated, well-equipped abattoirs, public awareness campaigns, and stray dog control are crucial.

包虫病(囊性棘球蚴病)是一种严重的寄生虫传染病,会导致牛增重不良和器官坏死,造成埃塞俄比亚养牛业产量低下。2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 8 月,在埃塞俄比亚西部的 Nekemte 市屠宰场进行了一项横断面研究,目的是确定牛包虫病的发病率,评估相关风险因素,并评价包虫病的器官分布水平。我们按照惯例对所有 220 头选定的屠宰牛进行了宰前检查和宰后检查。我们通过肉眼检查和触诊评估了被系统选中的牛的器官。在检查的总数中,44 头牛(20%)的一个或多个器官中有一个或多个包虫囊肿。在评估的风险因素中,牛的年龄和性别都与牛包虫病的发病率有显著关系(分别为 X 2 = 5.928; p = 0.015 和 X 2 = 4.086; p = 0.043)。在评估的 220 只动物中,44 只(20%)对包虫病呈阳性反应。从器官分布来看,肝脏占 27 例(61.4%),肺脏占 16 例(36.3%),脾脏占 1 例(2.3%)。在统计并定性的 62 个囊肿中,34 个(55.8%)在肝脏,27 个(53.6%)在肺部,1 个(2.3%)在脾脏。在收集到的 62 个囊肿中,22 个(35.5%)钙化,31 个(50%)为可孕囊肿。在发现的 31 个可孕囊肿中,7 个(22.6%)位于肝脏,23 个(74.2%)位于肺部,1 个(2.3%)位于脾脏。在东韦莱加区,即使目前发现的感染率处于中等水平,包虫病仍然是需要认真考虑采取预防和控制措施的最严重疾病之一。这是因为当地的社会经济环境似乎有利于该疾病的传播。因此,建立规范的、设备齐全的屠宰场、开展提高公众认识运动和控制流浪狗至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular and Serological Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Dairy Cattle From Sylhet, Bangladesh: Implications for Zoonotic Transmission. 孟加拉国锡尔赫特奶牛结核分枝杆菌的分子和血清学检测:人畜共患病传播的影响。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3653654
Md Mukter Hossain, Md Masudur Rahman, Md Mahfujur Rahman, Hemayet Hossain, Ruhena Begum, Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury, Md Rafiqul Islam, Md Bashir Uddin

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in dairy cattle using ELISA and PCR techniques. A total of 500 samples (250 blood and 250 milk) were collected from various farms in Sylhet, Bangladesh. The seroprevalence was found to be 5.6% in blood samples, with PCR confirming 1.60% and 2.80% positivity in blood and milk samples, respectively. These findings highlight the zoonotic potential and public health significance of M. tuberculosis in cattle, suggesting a need for integrated One Health surveillance.

本研究旨在利用 ELISA 和 PCR 技术确定奶牛中结核分枝杆菌(M. tuberculosis)的血清流行率和分子检测。研究人员从孟加拉国锡尔赫特的多个牧场共采集了 500 份样本(250 份血液样本和 250 份牛奶样本)。结果发现,血液样本中的血清阳性率为 5.6%,PCR 阳性率在血液和牛奶样本中分别为 1.60% 和 2.80%。这些发现凸显了牛结核杆菌的人畜共患潜力和对公共卫生的重要意义,表明有必要进行 "一体健康 "综合监测。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural, Livestock, Poultry and Fish Sectors: COVID-19 Impact on Agriculture, Livestock, Poultry and Fish Sectors. COVID-19 大流行对农业、畜牧业、家禽业和渔业部门的影响:COVID-19 对农业、畜牧业、家禽业和渔业的影响。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5540056
Yashpal Singh Malik, Mohd Ikram Ansari, Rasha Gharieb, Souvik Ghosh, Ratan Kumar Chaudhary, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Dayan Torabian, Farzad Rahmani, Hadis Ahmadi, Pouneh Hajipour, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji

COVID-19 pandemic is considered a global crisis that adversely impacted the world economy. The virus possessed a serious threat to different sectors including agricultural, livestock, poultry and fish sectors in both developing and developed countries. COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown for a long period have not only caused enormous distress to the millions of poor and marginal farmers for saving their crops and/or livestock but also affected livestock, poultry production systems and associated value chains, nutrition, health care and labour availability. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the fishery sector through disruption in fish supply and value chains and had noteworthy effects on income of fish stakeholders, especially in developing countries. In this regard, the current review discussed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural, livestock, poultry and fish sectors.

COVID-19 大流行被认为是一场全球性危机,对世界经济造成了不利影响。该病毒对发展中国家和发达国家的农业、畜牧业、家禽业和渔业等不同部门都构成了严重威胁。COVID-19 大流行和相关的长期封锁不仅给数百万贫困和边缘化农民拯救农作物和/或牲畜造成了巨大困扰,还影响了牲畜、家禽生产系统和相关价值链、营养、医疗保健和劳动力供应。此外,COVID-19 大流行病通过破坏鱼类供应和价值链对渔业部门产生了重大影响,并对鱼类利益相关者的收入产生了显著影响,特别是在发展中国家。在这方面,本次审查讨论了 COVID-19 大流行病对农业、畜牧业、家禽业和渔业部门的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Animal Wellness: The Power of Multiomics and Integrative Strategies: Multiomics in Improving Animal Health. 动物健康:多组学与综合策略的力量:多组学改善动物健康。
IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4125118
Ratan Kumar Choudhary, Sunil Kumar B V, Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay, Neeraj Kashyap, Vishal Sharma, Nisha Singh, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, Roozbeh Kalantari, Pouneh Hajipour, Yashpal Singh Malik

The livestock industry faces significant challenges, with disease outbreaks being a particularly devastating issue. These diseases can disrupt the food supply chain and the livelihoods of those involved in the sector. To address this, there is a growing need to enhance the health and well-being of livestock animals, ultimately improving their performance while minimizing their environmental impact. To tackle the considerable challenge posed by disease epidemics, multiomics approaches offer an excellent opportunity for scientists, breeders, and policymakers to gain a comprehensive understanding of animal biology, pathogens, and their genetic makeup. This understanding is crucial for enhancing the health of livestock animals. Multiomic approaches, including phenomics, genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, and metaproteomics, are widely employed to assess and enhance animal health. High-throughput phenotypic data collection allows for the measurement of various fitness traits, both discrete and continuous, which, when mathematically combined, define the overall health and resilience of animals, including their ability to withstand diseases. Omics methods are routinely used to identify genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, assess fitness traits, and pinpoint animals with disease resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) help identify the genetic factors associated with health status, heat stress tolerance, disease resistance, and other health-related characteristics, including the estimation of breeding value. Furthermore, the interaction between hosts and pathogens, as observed through the assessment of host gut microbiota, plays a crucial role in shaping animal health and, consequently, their performance. Integrating and analyzing various heterogeneous datasets to gain deeper insights into biological systems is a challenging task that necessitates the use of innovative tools. Initiatives like MiBiOmics, which facilitate the visualization, analysis, integration, and exploration of multiomics data, are expected to improve prediction accuracy and identify robust biomarkers linked to animal health. In this review, we discuss the details of multiomics concerning the health and well-being of livestock animals.

畜牧业面临着巨大的挑战,其中疾病的爆发尤其具有破坏性。这些疾病会扰乱食品供应链和该行业从业者的生计。为了解决这个问题,人们越来越需要增强牲畜的健康和福利,最终提高它们的性能,同时最大限度地减少它们对环境的影响。为了应对疾病流行带来的巨大挑战,多组学方法为科学家、育种家和决策者提供了一个全面了解动物生物学、病原体及其基因构成的绝佳机会。这种了解对于提高牲畜的健康水平至关重要。多组学方法,包括表型组学、基因组学、表观基因组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学、微生物组学和元蛋白质组学,被广泛用于评估和提高动物健康水平。通过高通量表型数据收集,可以测量各种离散和连续的健康性状,将这些性状用数学方法组合起来,就能确定动物的总体健康状况和恢复能力,包括抵御疾病的能力。Omics方法通常用于鉴定参与宿主-病原体相互作用的基因、评估体质性状以及确定具有抗病能力的动物。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)有助于确定与健康状况、热应激耐受性、抗病性和其他健康相关特征有关的遗传因素,包括育种价值的评估。此外,通过评估宿主肠道微生物群观察到的宿主与病原体之间的相互作用,在塑造动物健康并进而影响其表现方面起着至关重要的作用。整合和分析各种异构数据集以深入了解生物系统是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要使用创新工具。像 MiBiOmics 这样促进多组学数据可视化、分析、整合和探索的举措有望提高预测准确性,并找出与动物健康相关的可靠生物标记物。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论有关家畜健康和福祉的多组学细节。
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引用次数: 0
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Veterinary Medicine International
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