Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental toxicant with significant potential for human exposure. It primarily escapes from plastic packaging used for food and water. DEHP exposure has been linked to several health hazards, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and organ toxicity, disrupting the endocrine system as well as affecting biological processes. The present study investigates the protective effects of Vitamin E and selenium against DEHP-induced toxicity in adult female mice. In this study, adult female mice (Swiss Albino) were randomly categorized into five groups: control, DEHP, DEHP + Vitamin E, DEHP + Na₂SeO₃, and DEHP + Vitamin E + Na₂SeO₃. From Day 49 to Day 61 of the treatment period, the animals were administered orally 600 mg/kg body weight of DEHP, 200 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E, and 1 mg/kg body weight of Na₂SeO₃. After treatment, body weight, organ-to-body weight ratio, and hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. DEHP exposure caused a significant decrease in final body weight, body weight gain, and rate of body weight gain, but DEHP + Vitamin E, DEHP + Na₂SeO₃, and DEHP + Vitamin E + Na₂SeO₃ groups lessened it. While considering blood parameters, the group exposed to DEHP showed a notable rise in white blood cells (WBCs). Furthermore, the DEHP group significantly increased random blood sugar (RBS), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase serum levels. Nevertheless, these levels were notably decreased in the groups who received treatment with Vitamin E and sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃). Phthalate exposure also led to a significant increase in the organ-to-body weight ratio in the spleen and slight discoloration with necrotic foci present in the liver compared to the control group. It is remarkable that Vitamin E and Na₂SeO₃ separately or synergistically mitigated all the changes. The present investigation provides evidence that Vitamin E and sodium selenite can minimize phthalate-induced damage in adult female mice.

Background and aims: There is increasing interest in the clinical use and experimental evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA); however, no bibliometric analysis has been published on this topic.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the bibliometrix R package by analyzing the documents registered in the WOS database from 2015 to 2024. The registers were evaluated according to overview, sources, authors, documents, words, trend topics, clustering, and conceptual intellectual and social structures.

Results: The articles were mainly published in Stem Cell Research and Therapy, OA and Cartilage, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Scientific Reports, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Orthopedic Research, Stem Cells International, Arthritis Research and Therapy, and Biomaterials. The most productive institutions were Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Peking University, and the most productive countries were China, the USA, and Korea. The most frequently used keywords were OA, mesenchymal stem cells, and cartilage. The trending topics in this area are cartilage repair, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles. The collaborative network of authors, institutions, and countries is led by Chinese authors and institutions.

Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis reveals a significant increase in research on mesenchymal stem cells for OA, primarily led by Chinese institutions. Key topics include cartilage repair and exosomes, highlighting a collaborative global network that is shaping the future of therapeutic strategies in this field.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a significant and highly contagious pathogen that markedly impacts production and reproductive performances of different animals worldwide. This review represents the global epidemiology of BVDV, emphasizing its genetic diversity, prevalence, host range, associated risk factors, diagnostic advancements, and control strategies. A systematic electronic search was performed to retrieve relevant published articles. A total of 248 studies published over the past 26 years (from January 2000 to March 2025) across 69 countries were included. Data showed that BVDV-1 has been detected across all the continents and comprises 25 subgenotypes (1a-1x and Chinese ZM-95), of which the predominant subgenotypes are 1a, 1b, and 1c. Multiple subgenotypes, such as BVDV-1f, 1g, 1h, 1k, 1l, 1r, 1s, 1t, 1u, and 1x, were distinct and circulating in European countries. Additionally, five subgenotypes (2a-2e) of BVDV-2 have been identified, with BVDV-2a being the most frequently reported in different geographical locations. Notably, the emergence of HoBi-like pestivirus subgenotypes (BVDV-3a-3d) has been detected in Russia, Italy, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh. Overall, the high prevalence of BVDV has been reported in various European (2.9%-87.1%) and Asian countries (0.2%-89.49%). Although cattle are the primary host, BVDV infections have been documented across a wide range of domestic and wild species, including buffalo, sheep, goats, deer, bison, yak, camelids (camels, alpacas, and llamas), pigs, and wild boar. While Ag/Ab-ELISA remains a widely used diagnostic method, advanced techniques, such as RT-qPCR, CRISPR-Cas12a, RT-LAMP, and genome sequencing, are utilized for confirmatory identification and genotyping of BVDV. Introduction of persistently infected (PI) animals into herds, grazing on common pasture, animal movements, mixed farming practices, and unhygienic breeding practices were frequently documented as potential risk factors. Key measures for controlling and eradicating BVDV include culling of PI animals, prophylactic vaccination, and avoiding mixed farming practices.

Viral diseases pose a significant threat to Bangladesh's livestock sector, resulting in substantial economic losses and impeding overall growth. These infections disrupt animal productivity, undermine food security, and place financial strain on farmers. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the major viral diseases impacting livestock in Bangladesh. The cumulative burden of viral diseases jeopardizes a sector that contributes 1.54% to the national GDP. Factors such as uncontrolled animal movement and trade, along with climate change, exacerbate disease transmission and increase the risk of outbreaks. The economic repercussions extend beyond production losses to include rising food prices and serious public health concerns stemming from zoonotic transmission and antimicrobial resistance. Effective mitigation requires integrated control strategies, including widespread vaccination, strengthened biosecurity, and robust disease surveillance. Enhancing veterinary infrastructure and aligning with international disease control standards will improve market access and ensure sector sustainability. Long-term resilience will depend on coordinated efforts among government agencies, private stakeholders, and international partners to safeguard food security and rural livelihoods.

Background: Zoonotic diseases related to cattle farming cause a significant sanitary and economic impact in Colombia. Poor knowledge, negative attitudes, and few practices related to their transmission, prevention, and control aggravate the epidemiological profile of these diseases.

Objective: To analyze the profile of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to zoonotic diseases in livestock producers from three municipalities of Magdalena Medio de Antioquia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 143 randomly selected livestock producers who participated voluntarily. A reproducible and valid survey was applied to estimate KAP scores; the description was made with frequencies and summary measures. The factors associated with KAP were determined with nonparametric tests. Potential explanatory factors were identified with multivariate linear regressions.

Results: Most of the subjects were young men from rural areas with middle socioeconomic status, married, employed in general farm maintenance, and with low formal education. The main factors associated with the KAP profile were area of residence, gender, marital status, age, and time working in the activity. Knowledge about vectors of infectious agents was deficient in relation to the attitudes domain. It was found that they receive little information, and in the evaluation of practices, they are at high risk concerning the lack of protective equipment and consumption of untreated water and raw food.

Conclusions: Education in the promotion and maintenance of health, as well as veterinary supervision in the livestock production setting, are central factors for preventing zoonotic diseases. This study generates a valid scale for monitoring and research associated with cattle farming.

Lungworms are among the major nematode parasites causing significant impacts on livestock production, mortality and morbidity in young animals, and poor productivity in adult animals. Despite the widespread distribution of lungworms, there is little information in North Shewa in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of lungworms, identify the major respiratory helminths, and assess putative risk factors in sheep and cattle. A postmortem examination was conducted on 400 randomly selected animals. The present study revealed an overall 20.75% (95% CI: 16.88-25.06) prevalence of lungworm infection. The prevalence of respiratory helminths was 40.69% (95% CI: 33.88-47.77) in sheep and 0% in cattle. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age and season were significant risk factors, whereas body condition was a significant predictor of lungworm infections. Young sheep were 2.3 (95% CI: 1.26-4.23; p=0.007) times more at risk of lungworm infection than adults. The prevalence of the disease was 4 (95% CI: 1.79-8.72; p=0.001) times higher in sheep with poor body conditions. The prevalence of lungworm was more than 3 (95% CI: 1.37-6.62; p=0.006) times higher in autumn than in spring. The most prevalent species of respiratory helminths were Dictyocaulus filaria (29.9%; 95% CI: 23.71-36.69), Muellerius capillaris (4.41%; 95% CI: 2.04-8.21), mixed infections (3.92%; 95% CI: 1.71-7.58), and Protostrongylus rufescens (2.45%; 95% CI: 0.80-5.63). The present study determined a higher prevalence of ovine lungworms and no evidence of the disease in cattle. The study identified age, body condition, and season as the most important risk factors for lungworm infection. Thus, regular deworming of sheep and awareness creation for the farmers on rotational and strategic grazing are forwarded to control lungworms in sheep. Moreover, further studies are required to confirm the conditions of lungworms in cattle in North Shewa.

The objective of this study was to compare the metabolomic profiles of seminal plasma and sperm in Toraya buffalo bulls to identify key metabolites that influence sperm quality and reproductive potential. Semen samples were collected from eight mature Toraya buffalo bulls aged 4-10 years and classified as Saleko and Bonga types. Sperm were separated from seminal plasma and subjected to metabolite extraction, followed by derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Metabolites were identified and quantified using the NIST library, and statistical analysis was performed with MetaboAnalyst 6.0. This study utilized GC-MS to analyze the metabolomic profiles of seminal plasma and sperm from Toraya buffalo bulls. The analysis detected 10 metabolite groups, including carboxylic acids, fatty acids, and steroids. Metabolite enrichment revealed carboxylic acids as dominant in plasma and fatty acyls in sperm. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed clear separation between seminal plasma and sperm. Key metabolites contributing to the separation were identified via variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted galactose metabolism in plasma and glyoxylate metabolism in sperm. Significant differences in metabolic pathways, such as citrate cycle and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, were observed between the two samples. In conclusion, this study revealed unique metabolomic profiles in the seminal plasma and sperm of Toraya buffalo using GC-MS. Important metabolites such as creatinine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and α-ketoglutaric acid may serve as potential biomarkers.

The southern red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is a common species found throughout Southeast Asia. It plays a vital ecological role as a prey species for large wild carnivores, contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity. In addition, this species is farmed for tourism purposes and as an alternative source of meat. However, the lack of data on hematological and serum biochemical parameters has made it challenging to assess the health status of this species and to monitor environmental toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the hematological and serum biochemical profiles of southern red muntjacs (M. muntjak) and to compare any differences between males and females. A total of 82 individuals were captured, and blood samples from 59 were analyzed using automated hematology and biochemistry analyzers. The results revealed no significant differences between males and females in almost all parameters. When compared with previous studies, several hematological and biochemical parameters in M. muntjak differed from those of related species (M. vaginalis) and may be due to different capture methods and altitude. These findings provide valuable baseline data for health screening and environmental toxicity assessment in both captive and free-ranging populations of this species.

Avian influenza (AI) is a severe respiratory disease affecting wild and domestic birds globally. There is currently no approved vaccine for AI control in Nigeria. Therefore, biosecurity measures remain the primary preventive strategy. However, there is limited information on the AI carrier status of captive wild birds and the implementation of biosecurity programs (BPs) in zoological gardens across the country. This study aimed to screen captive wild birds for AI and evaluate the BPs in selected zoological gardens in southwestern Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional approach, cloacal swabs and freshly deposited faecal samples (n = 149) were collected from captive wild birds in seven zoological gardens in southwestern Nigeria following an AI outbreak in 2022. The samples were screened for AI viruses using RT-qPCR, and BPs in 13 consenting zoological gardens were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The responses were scored, and the BPs were categorised as 'Poor', 'Fair', or 'Good'. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the data. All samples tested negative for AI viruses. Documented institutional biosecurity and disease outbreak contingency plans were available in 84.6% of the zoos. Most of the zoos demonstrated good BPs across key categories, including vehicle and animal movement control (100%), food and water supply management (92.3%), enclosure hygiene, ground maintenance and waste disposal (84.6%), pest control (76.9%), and quarantine and sick animal management (69.2%). These findings suggest that the captive wild birds in zoological gardens in southwestern Nigeria are unlikely to serve as AI reservoirs, and most of the zoos have robust BPs that contribute to preventing AI and other avian diseases.

Unlike fowl pox, pigeon pox virus (PPV) has not been described in Ghana. This is the first report of the disease and virus in Ghana based on gross necropsy, histopathological analysis, and molecular techniques. This index case was presented as the occurrence of both cutaneous (dry) and diphtheritic (wet) forms of the pigeon pox disease in a 5-month-old female pigeon. Although the observation of Bollinger bodies during histology is confirmatory of pox viruses, the amplification of the p4b gene using polymerase chain reaction and its visualization by gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of an avian pox virus. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the isolates from this case showed 100% relatedness to the reference PPV isolate FeP2, thus confirming the presence of PPV. The discovery of this virus in Ghana raises the need for surveillance of both wild and domestic avian populations in preparation for any future outbreak, protection of the production birds, and decision on the need for other pox viruses in the country.