D. Scholtes, Yannik Goergen, Paul Motzki, S. Seelecke, Philipp Scheiner
As a smart material thermal shape memory alloys (SMAs) feature actuator behavior combined with self-sensing capabilities. With their high energy density and design flexibility they are predestined to be used in soft robotics and the emerging field of morphing surfaces. Such shape changing surfaces can be used for novel human-machine interaction (HMI) elements based on mode-/situation-dependent interfaces that may be applied to all kind of machines, appliances and smart home devices as well as automotive interiors. Since many of those contain textile surfaces, it is of special interest to place SMA-based actuator-sensor-elements beneath a textile cover or integrated them in the textile itself. In this study, the unique features of SMAs are used to design a system which represents an active “morphing” button. It can lower into the surface it is integrated in, pops up to be used and shows a proportional signal output depending on the pushing stroke. The system is characterized concerning haptics and sensor technology. The button consists of a TPU structure, to which two NiTi wires are attached. When activated, the SMAs contract and the structure curves upwards. The user can now push on the device to use it as a button. In the future, the use of SMA wires and for example TPU fibers enables direct integration in the production process of a possible smart and functional textile.
{"title":"Soft Morphing Buttons Based on Actuator and Sensor Properties of Shape Memory Alloy Wires","authors":"D. Scholtes, Yannik Goergen, Paul Motzki, S. Seelecke, Philipp Scheiner","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5504","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a smart material thermal shape memory alloys (SMAs) feature actuator behavior combined with self-sensing capabilities. With their high energy density and design flexibility they are predestined to be used in soft robotics and the emerging field of morphing surfaces. Such shape changing surfaces can be used for novel human-machine interaction (HMI) elements based on mode-/situation-dependent interfaces that may be applied to all kind of machines, appliances and smart home devices as well as automotive interiors. Since many of those contain textile surfaces, it is of special interest to place SMA-based actuator-sensor-elements beneath a textile cover or integrated them in the textile itself. In this study, the unique features of SMAs are used to design a system which represents an active “morphing” button. It can lower into the surface it is integrated in, pops up to be used and shows a proportional signal output depending on the pushing stroke. The system is characterized concerning haptics and sensor technology. The button consists of a TPU structure, to which two NiTi wires are attached. When activated, the SMAs contract and the structure curves upwards. The user can now push on the device to use it as a button. In the future, the use of SMA wires and for example TPU fibers enables direct integration in the production process of a possible smart and functional textile.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132498412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, Geometrically Nonlinear Vibrations (GNV) of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic (FGMEE) shells integrated with a patch of Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatment is studied. In case of FG material, properties vary along the z-coordinates using power-law index. Finite element model is developed for FGMEE doubly curved shell using a shear deformation theory by considering non linearity to analyze the FGMEE shell. The structure consists of magnetostrictive material (CoFe2O4) and piezoelectric material (BaTiO3) FGMEE doubly curved shell with piezoelectric composite (1-3 PZC) is used as a constraining layer for viscoelastic layer, which is modelled using Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method. The analysis is carried out in time domain by considering the effects of coupling coefficients, curvature ratio and patch location on the behaviour of the nonlinear frequency of the shell. The amplitude of vibrations reduces considerably by considering the active ACLD patches (1-3 PZC) of the FGMEE shell with nominal control voltage.
{"title":"Geometrically Nonlinear Vibration Attenuation of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic Shells","authors":"S. Kattimani, S. Joladarashi, V. Mahesh","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, Geometrically Nonlinear Vibrations (GNV) of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic (FGMEE) shells integrated with a patch of Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatment is studied. In case of FG material, properties vary along the z-coordinates using power-law index. Finite element model is developed for FGMEE doubly curved shell using a shear deformation theory by considering non linearity to analyze the FGMEE shell. The structure consists of magnetostrictive material (CoFe2O4) and piezoelectric material (BaTiO3) FGMEE doubly curved shell with piezoelectric composite (1-3 PZC) is used as a constraining layer for viscoelastic layer, which is modelled using Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method. The analysis is carried out in time domain by considering the effects of coupling coefficients, curvature ratio and patch location on the behaviour of the nonlinear frequency of the shell. The amplitude of vibrations reduces considerably by considering the active ACLD patches (1-3 PZC) of the FGMEE shell with nominal control voltage.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127807268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic skins, or e-skins, are electronic devices capable of sensing physical interactions such as strain, temperature, or pressure. These e-skins are of interest in a variety of fields including robotics, structural health monitoring, and medicine. E-skins should measure strains over a larger range of elongation than traditional strain sensors could. This paper explores the synthesis of a flexible biaxial strain sensor for large surface strain measurement. The sensor is made by spraying an exfoliated graphite and latex mixture onto a latex substrate to form a 4 × 4 grid of electrically conductive strips. Electrodes are connected to each sensor to collect data on deformation induced voltage difference. Two setup geometries were characterized, the behavior of a single strip in each direction in a one by one configuration as well as the behavior of a four by four setup that can measure a two-dimensional strain field. The characteristics of the sensor is studied by attaching it on a tensile testing specimen. When the sensor is subjected to strain along one or both of the two measurement axes, the voltage difference can be recorded using Arduino. The voltage drop was normalized and used to construct a strain distribution plot in MATLAB to determine the highly strained location. In addition to characterizing the behavior of the sensor, the dispersion of the exfoliated graphite in the latex is also studied using optical microscopy. The sensor is made from inexpensive materials and was able to measure large strain that cannot be achieved with commercially available strain gauges.
{"title":"Strain Mapping and Large Strain Measurement Using Biaxial Skin Sensors","authors":"Thomas Donica, Jonathan Gray, E. Zegeye","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5698","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electronic skins, or e-skins, are electronic devices capable of sensing physical interactions such as strain, temperature, or pressure. These e-skins are of interest in a variety of fields including robotics, structural health monitoring, and medicine. E-skins should measure strains over a larger range of elongation than traditional strain sensors could. This paper explores the synthesis of a flexible biaxial strain sensor for large surface strain measurement. The sensor is made by spraying an exfoliated graphite and latex mixture onto a latex substrate to form a 4 × 4 grid of electrically conductive strips. Electrodes are connected to each sensor to collect data on deformation induced voltage difference. Two setup geometries were characterized, the behavior of a single strip in each direction in a one by one configuration as well as the behavior of a four by four setup that can measure a two-dimensional strain field. The characteristics of the sensor is studied by attaching it on a tensile testing specimen. When the sensor is subjected to strain along one or both of the two measurement axes, the voltage difference can be recorded using Arduino. The voltage drop was normalized and used to construct a strain distribution plot in MATLAB to determine the highly strained location. In addition to characterizing the behavior of the sensor, the dispersion of the exfoliated graphite in the latex is also studied using optical microscopy. The sensor is made from inexpensive materials and was able to measure large strain that cannot be achieved with commercially available strain gauges.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124297372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fuchi, Eric M. Wolf, D. Makhija, Nathan A. Wukie, Christopher R. Schrock, P. Beran
A machine learning algorithm that performs multifidelity domain decomposition is introduced. While the design of complex systems can be facilitated by numerical simulations, the determination of appropriate physics couplings and levels of model fidelity can be challenging. The proposed method automatically divides the computational domain into subregions and assigns required fidelity level, using a small number of high fidelity simulations to generate training data and low fidelity solutions as input data. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms are used to correlate features from low fidelity solutions to fidelity assignment. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a problem of viscous fluid flow around a cylinder at Re ≈ 20. Ling et al. built physics-informed invariance and symmetry properties into machine learning models and demonstrated improved model generalizability. Along these lines, we avoid using problem dependent features such as coordinates of sample points, object geometry or flow conditions as explicit inputs to the machine learning model. Use of pointwise flow features generates large data sets from only one or two high fidelity simulations, and the fidelity predictor model achieved 99.5% accuracy at training points. The trained model was shown to be capable of predicting a fidelity map for a problem with an altered cylinder radius. A significant improvement in the prediction performance was seen when inputs are expanded to include multiscale features that incorporate neighborhood information.
{"title":"Design-Oriented Multifidelity Fluid Simulation Using Machine Learned Fidelity Mapping","authors":"K. Fuchi, Eric M. Wolf, D. Makhija, Nathan A. Wukie, Christopher R. Schrock, P. Beran","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5515","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A machine learning algorithm that performs multifidelity domain decomposition is introduced. While the design of complex systems can be facilitated by numerical simulations, the determination of appropriate physics couplings and levels of model fidelity can be challenging. The proposed method automatically divides the computational domain into subregions and assigns required fidelity level, using a small number of high fidelity simulations to generate training data and low fidelity solutions as input data. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms are used to correlate features from low fidelity solutions to fidelity assignment. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a problem of viscous fluid flow around a cylinder at Re ≈ 20. Ling et al. built physics-informed invariance and symmetry properties into machine learning models and demonstrated improved model generalizability. Along these lines, we avoid using problem dependent features such as coordinates of sample points, object geometry or flow conditions as explicit inputs to the machine learning model. Use of pointwise flow features generates large data sets from only one or two high fidelity simulations, and the fidelity predictor model achieved 99.5% accuracy at training points. The trained model was shown to be capable of predicting a fidelity map for a problem with an altered cylinder radius. A significant improvement in the prediction performance was seen when inputs are expanded to include multiscale features that incorporate neighborhood information.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher J. Netwall, James P. Thomas, M. Kubista, Kerry A. Griffith, Christopher Kindle, Jordan Schlater, Joseph T. Hays, Phillip A. Feerst, N. Wereley
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been developing a space-rated 7 degree of freedom (DOF) robot arm with a high payload-to-mass ratio as an alternative design to motor-gear driven robotic manipulators. The robot arm employs antagonistic pairs of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) actuators to control each degree-of-freedom (DOF) to achieve large force outputs relative to the PAM component masses. A novel feature of the NRL PAM actuator was the integration of the pneumatic control components inside the pressure-bladder, which not only reduces the volume of the robotic arm hardware but also reduces the pressurized-gas actuation volume in the PAM enabling significant reductions in gas consumption during actuation. This multifunctional design enables reductions in launch-weight costs and increases in operational endurance for space applications. The integration of these PAMs into a well-designed robotic-arm structure, in tandem with a newly developed control algorithm, has the potential to exceed the performance metrics of traditional motor-driven robot arms. This paper describes the development of the improved efficiency PAM design that is advancing this technology towards space flight readiness.
{"title":"Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Development and Manufacturing Process and Verification Testing for Space Flight Application","authors":"Christopher J. Netwall, James P. Thomas, M. Kubista, Kerry A. Griffith, Christopher Kindle, Jordan Schlater, Joseph T. Hays, Phillip A. Feerst, N. Wereley","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5635","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been developing a space-rated 7 degree of freedom (DOF) robot arm with a high payload-to-mass ratio as an alternative design to motor-gear driven robotic manipulators. The robot arm employs antagonistic pairs of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) actuators to control each degree-of-freedom (DOF) to achieve large force outputs relative to the PAM component masses. A novel feature of the NRL PAM actuator was the integration of the pneumatic control components inside the pressure-bladder, which not only reduces the volume of the robotic arm hardware but also reduces the pressurized-gas actuation volume in the PAM enabling significant reductions in gas consumption during actuation. This multifunctional design enables reductions in launch-weight costs and increases in operational endurance for space applications. The integration of these PAMs into a well-designed robotic-arm structure, in tandem with a newly developed control algorithm, has the potential to exceed the performance metrics of traditional motor-driven robot arms. This paper describes the development of the improved efficiency PAM design that is advancing this technology towards space flight readiness.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brent R. Bielefeldt, D. Hartl, Joshua D. Hodson, G. Reich, P. Beran, Alexander M. Pankonien, Joshua D. Deaton
This work details the preliminary design of a morphing airfoil in supersonic flow using evolutionary design principles. The structural topology of the airfoil includes a fixed outer mold line, fixed spars, and designable internal stiffeners and actuators. The designable components are generated using a bio-inspired model known as a Lindenmayer System (L-System), which encodes design variables and governs the development of a structural topology when coupled with an interpretation algorithm. Here, we utilize a graph-based interpretation scheme known as Spatial Interpretation for the Development of Reconfigurable Structures (SPIDRS), which has been shown to effectively explore the mechanism design space using a limited number of design variables. The optimization process behind this preliminary design problem is discussed, and optimal airfoil topologies capable of meeting specified aerodynamic performance criteria are presented in hopes of gaining a better understanding of how actuation systems could be integrated into the next generation of aircraft.
{"title":"Graph-Based Interpretation of L-System Encodings Toward Aeroelastic Topology Optimization of a Morphing Airfoil in Supersonic Flow","authors":"Brent R. Bielefeldt, D. Hartl, Joshua D. Hodson, G. Reich, P. Beran, Alexander M. Pankonien, Joshua D. Deaton","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5609","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work details the preliminary design of a morphing airfoil in supersonic flow using evolutionary design principles. The structural topology of the airfoil includes a fixed outer mold line, fixed spars, and designable internal stiffeners and actuators. The designable components are generated using a bio-inspired model known as a Lindenmayer System (L-System), which encodes design variables and governs the development of a structural topology when coupled with an interpretation algorithm. Here, we utilize a graph-based interpretation scheme known as Spatial Interpretation for the Development of Reconfigurable Structures (SPIDRS), which has been shown to effectively explore the mechanism design space using a limited number of design variables. The optimization process behind this preliminary design problem is discussed, and optimal airfoil topologies capable of meeting specified aerodynamic performance criteria are presented in hopes of gaining a better understanding of how actuation systems could be integrated into the next generation of aircraft.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus of this research is modeling, simulation and prototyping of multi-locomotion bio-inspired robot. The actuation is based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) smart materials to achieve different styles of movements. Soft-bodied robots have potential to exploit morphological computation to adapt and interact with reduced control complexity. Observing the movement of a caterpillar that could produce different locomotion such as crawling and rolling, our team designed and developed a bio-inspired robot. Analytical models of the different bio-inspired movements are derived and analyzed in Matlab in this work. The models rely on segmented approach actuated by smart materials in order to achieve the desired position. Smart material actuators are a promising but challenging actuation mechanism because of their design, large deformation possibilities, external stimuli shape change and high power density. The body parts are from a soft silicon elastomer. Between the silicone body parts, SMA spring are embedded, used as actuation force. Between the two segments, SMA spring as actuators are generation strain to bend the body and achieve crawling and lifting. This work is initial modeling for multi locomotion of soft bio-inspired robot and will be followed by a detailed analytical and numerical modeling and simulation, finalizing with a functional prototype.
{"title":"Smart Material Actuation of Multi-Locomotion Robot","authors":"J. Jovanova, Simona Domazetovska, V. Changoski","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5675","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The focus of this research is modeling, simulation and prototyping of multi-locomotion bio-inspired robot. The actuation is based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) smart materials to achieve different styles of movements. Soft-bodied robots have potential to exploit morphological computation to adapt and interact with reduced control complexity. Observing the movement of a caterpillar that could produce different locomotion such as crawling and rolling, our team designed and developed a bio-inspired robot.\u0000 Analytical models of the different bio-inspired movements are derived and analyzed in Matlab in this work. The models rely on segmented approach actuated by smart materials in order to achieve the desired position. Smart material actuators are a promising but challenging actuation mechanism because of their design, large deformation possibilities, external stimuli shape change and high power density. The body parts are from a soft silicon elastomer. Between the silicone body parts, SMA spring are embedded, used as actuation force. Between the two segments, SMA spring as actuators are generation strain to bend the body and achieve crawling and lifting.\u0000 This work is initial modeling for multi locomotion of soft bio-inspired robot and will be followed by a detailed analytical and numerical modeling and simulation, finalizing with a functional prototype.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126115946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the traditional 4D printing method using Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), the design process and preparation of 4d printing are complex. In this research, we proposed a design method of a temperature-driven SMP smart structure and made Realization. This smart structure also a bilayer structure use an SMP material in one printing process to realize the deformation in 4D printing. The design of the smart structure is mainly realized by parameter allocation in the printing process, such as print line width, print line height, print temperature, simulation temperature, and fill the form in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Through experimental determination and analysis of statics and thermodynamics, our method fitting out the model relationship between process parameters and the curvature and strain of smart structure. This bilayer smart structure widely applied to the self-folding. In the example stage, this paper mainly uses PLA as an SMP material for the preparation of structure. Observing that the motion behaviors of the smart structure conformed to the model measured in this paper, the average accuracy of the strategy reaches 95%.
{"title":"Design and Realization of Temperature-Driven Smart Structure Based on Shape Memory Polymer in 4D Printing","authors":"Yixiong Feng, Zeng Siyuan, Yicong Gao, Hao Zheng, Haoyang Qiu, Jianrong Tan","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the traditional 4D printing method using Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), the design process and preparation of 4d printing are complex. In this research, we proposed a design method of a temperature-driven SMP smart structure and made Realization. This smart structure also a bilayer structure use an SMP material in one printing process to realize the deformation in 4D printing. The design of the smart structure is mainly realized by parameter allocation in the printing process, such as print line width, print line height, print temperature, simulation temperature, and fill the form in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Through experimental determination and analysis of statics and thermodynamics, our method fitting out the model relationship between process parameters and the curvature and strain of smart structure. This bilayer smart structure widely applied to the self-folding. In the example stage, this paper mainly uses PLA as an SMP material for the preparation of structure. Observing that the motion behaviors of the smart structure conformed to the model measured in this paper, the average accuracy of the strategy reaches 95%.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126297502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research intends to propose a structural integration methodology for a strain sensor based on nano-filled elastomer and its preliminary bonding strength characterization. To provide a good strength adhesion onto a structural component, a special mould was designed, made of Acrilonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material and realised with a 3D printing. This specific texture provided the lower surface of the elastomer (PDMS-matrix) with a special micro voids allowing for the adhesive penetration. The electrodes were made by simple conductive paste. To have a chemically compliant coupling between the elastomer and this paste, an off-the-shelf cheap neutral silicone was used. This paste was then made conductive by adding a low-cost graphite powder, obtained from a pencil lead. The test was realized with an aluminium beam in cantilever configuration. The load were applied at the free edge by means of calibrated masses of increasing weights. For each mass, the values of tip displacement and the resistance provided by the nano-filled elastomer and a reference strain gauge were logged for a set of 10 cycles. Obtained data clearly revealed that, all sensors exhibit coherent readouts with respect to the reference strain gauges and a quasi linear sensitivity curve in the whole range.
{"title":"Surface Bonding Graphene-Based Elastomeric Sensor: Preliminary Characterization of Adhesion Strength","authors":"S. Ameduri, M. Ciminello","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5578","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research intends to propose a structural integration methodology for a strain sensor based on nano-filled elastomer and its preliminary bonding strength characterization.\u0000 To provide a good strength adhesion onto a structural component, a special mould was designed, made of Acrilonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material and realised with a 3D printing. This specific texture provided the lower surface of the elastomer (PDMS-matrix) with a special micro voids allowing for the adhesive penetration.\u0000 The electrodes were made by simple conductive paste. To have a chemically compliant coupling between the elastomer and this paste, an off-the-shelf cheap neutral silicone was used. This paste was then made conductive by adding a low-cost graphite powder, obtained from a pencil lead.\u0000 The test was realized with an aluminium beam in cantilever configuration. The load were applied at the free edge by means of calibrated masses of increasing weights. For each mass, the values of tip displacement and the resistance provided by the nano-filled elastomer and a reference strain gauge were logged for a set of 10 cycles. Obtained data clearly revealed that, all sensors exhibit coherent readouts with respect to the reference strain gauges and a quasi linear sensitivity curve in the whole range.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124983742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by the spring blossoms of tulips and origami engineering, we have designed a monolithic self-deployable structure with the ability to fold (close) and unfold (open). The focus of this paper is the 3D design and prototyping of a self-folding origami structure actuated by shape memory alloys (SMAs). SMA actuators, spring and wires, provide controllable actuation based on the simplicity of their design and the shape memory effect. In mechanical engineering, the art of origami provides a novel approach for compliant mechanisms devices enabling relative movement between the components with reduction of the number of parts. The self-folding origami structures can be used in many applications for volume reduction in packaging and space engineering. Additive manufacturing technologies enable easy and fast prototyping of the monolithic structure. The geometry of the structure and the integration of smart active materials within the structure enable the design to achieve complete self-folding.
{"title":"Modeling and Prototyping of Self-Folding Origami Structure","authors":"J. Jovanova, Simona Domazetovska, V. Changoski","doi":"10.1115/smasis2019-5676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5676","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inspired by the spring blossoms of tulips and origami engineering, we have designed a monolithic self-deployable structure with the ability to fold (close) and unfold (open). The focus of this paper is the 3D design and prototyping of a self-folding origami structure actuated by shape memory alloys (SMAs). SMA actuators, spring and wires, provide controllable actuation based on the simplicity of their design and the shape memory effect. In mechanical engineering, the art of origami provides a novel approach for compliant mechanisms devices enabling relative movement between the components with reduction of the number of parts. The self-folding origami structures can be used in many applications for volume reduction in packaging and space engineering.\u0000 Additive manufacturing technologies enable easy and fast prototyping of the monolithic structure. The geometry of the structure and the integration of smart active materials within the structure enable the design to achieve complete self-folding.","PeriodicalId":235262,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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