Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-84-91
Bulat Ziganshin, Nikolay Semushkin, Denis Semushkin, Ivan Maksimov, Yuriy Kazakov
The article analyzes the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in obtaining biologically pure products in agriculture, identifies aspects of improving the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in the agricultural sector used in obtaining agricultural products in organic farming, in particular, the specifics of the development agricultural machines and tools for organic agriculture, the conditions that the developed equipment must satisfy are determined. The analysis of factors contributing to the increase in the cost of work on the creation of a single technical tool for the conditions of organic farming was carried out. The proportions that have developed at the present time in the structure of R&D performed in the agricultural engineering industry are also considered. It is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the work on the creation of a strategic scientific and technical reserve, inertia of R&D subjects and organizational and staff structures of the sectoral research institutes of agricultural engineering. The necessity of creating organizational forms of integration of science and production, which allow for a clear and quick passage of ideas from their inception to widespread use in practice, the widespread use of new progressive forms of organization of scientific activity is considered. Measures are proposed to improve the systematic organization of R&D management. The necessity of introducing documents on the procedure for conducting joint work on the creation of new types of agricultural machinery, carried out by subordinate research and technological organizations, is shown. A significant place in the article is given to the directions and results of the work of Kazan State Agrarian University in the field of R&D and its contribution to the scientific support of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation. The currently used forms of R&D integration are considered from the point of view of the completeness of coverage of all potential performers, especially the academic and university sectors of science. Ways are proposed to expand the communication systems for scientific and technical cooperation through the widespread use of forms of interdepartmental cooperation, using progressive developments in the field of scientific and technical developments of Russian research institutes and educational institutions. Recommendations are proposed to increase the amount of funding for work on creating a strategic scientific and technical reserve in agricultural machinery and the implementation of a certain economic management mechanism. It is concluded that there are all the necessary prerequisites for a decisive transition to fundamentally new technologies, machines and tools in organic agricultural production, a significant improvement in the organization of work on their creation and implementation, which will dramatically accelerate the
{"title":"INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR ORGANIC FARMING","authors":"Bulat Ziganshin, Nikolay Semushkin, Denis Semushkin, Ivan Maksimov, Yuriy Kazakov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-84-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-84-91","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in obtaining biologically pure products in agriculture, identifies aspects of improving the effectiveness of scientific and technical developments in the agricultural sector used in obtaining agricultural products in organic farming, in particular, the specifics of the development agricultural machines and tools for organic agriculture, the conditions that the developed equipment must satisfy are determined. The analysis of factors contributing to the increase in the cost of work on the creation of a single technical tool for the conditions of organic farming was carried out. The proportions that have developed at the present time in the structure of R&D performed in the agricultural engineering industry are also considered. It is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the work on the creation of a strategic scientific and technical reserve, inertia of R&D subjects and organizational and staff structures of the sectoral research institutes of agricultural engineering. The necessity of creating organizational forms of integration of science and production, which allow for a clear and quick passage of ideas from their inception to widespread use in practice, the widespread use of new progressive forms of organization of scientific activity is considered. Measures are proposed to improve the systematic organization of R&D management. The necessity of introducing documents on the procedure for conducting joint work on the creation of new types of agricultural machinery, carried out by subordinate research and technological organizations, is shown. A significant place in the article is given to the directions and results of the work of Kazan State Agrarian University in the field of R&D and its contribution to the scientific support of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation. The currently used forms of R&D integration are considered from the point of view of the completeness of coverage of all potential performers, especially the academic and university sectors of science. Ways are proposed to expand the communication systems for scientific and technical cooperation through the widespread use of forms of interdepartmental cooperation, using progressive developments in the field of scientific and technical developments of Russian research institutes and educational institutions. Recommendations are proposed to increase the amount of funding for work on creating a strategic scientific and technical reserve in agricultural machinery and the implementation of a certain economic management mechanism. It is concluded that there are all the necessary prerequisites for a decisive transition to fundamentally new technologies, machines and tools in organic agricultural production, a significant improvement in the organization of work on their creation and implementation, which will dramatically accelerate the","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-181-185
Artem Lukomets
Targeted and regulated management of crop production development and its resource support on the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism contributes to the achievement of goals with optimal resource consumption. As the methodological base of the study, general scientific methods, works of domestic and foreign scientists on crop production and products of its processing were used. The article considers tools for improving resource support as elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry. Tools for improving the resource support of crop production are an integral part of the organizational and economic mechanism and should be aimed at creating conditions for the reproduction process in the industry and import substitution of certain types of resources. The proposed tools are organized by groups corresponding to subsystems of the crop industry: technological, economic, social, environmental, organizational. The developed forecast for the development of the crop industry and the proposed measures of the organizational and economic mechanism were assessed by calculating structural shifts. Structural shifts make it possible to estimate the efficiency of shifts in the actual and predicted structure. The calculation of the shift efficiency indicates that the structure of commodity production in the forecast year within the forecast confidence interval will not change significantly, which indicates that the structure of crop production is balanced. The projected growth of crop production within the confidence interval will affect the growth of the industry's profitability by only 0.99% to 57.15%. Profitability growth is projected due to an increase in the share of oilseeds and a reduction in the share of other crop products in the structure of marketable products.
{"title":"TOOLS FOR IMPROVING RESOURCES IN PLANT PRODUCTION","authors":"Artem Lukomets","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-181-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-181-185","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted and regulated management of crop production development and its resource support on the basis of the organizational and economic mechanism contributes to the achievement of goals with optimal resource consumption. As the methodological base of the study, general scientific methods, works of domestic and foreign scientists on crop production and products of its processing were used. The article considers tools for improving resource support as elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the industry. Tools for improving the resource support of crop production are an integral part of the organizational and economic mechanism and should be aimed at creating conditions for the reproduction process in the industry and import substitution of certain types of resources. The proposed tools are organized by groups corresponding to subsystems of the crop industry: technological, economic, social, environmental, organizational. The developed forecast for the development of the crop industry and the proposed measures of the organizational and economic mechanism were assessed by calculating structural shifts. Structural shifts make it possible to estimate the efficiency of shifts in the actual and predicted structure. The calculation of the shift efficiency indicates that the structure of commodity production in the forecast year within the forecast confidence interval will not change significantly, which indicates that the structure of crop production is balanced. The projected growth of crop production within the confidence interval will affect the growth of the industry's profitability by only 0.99% to 57.15%. Profitability growth is projected due to an increase in the share of oilseeds and a reduction in the share of other crop products in the structure of marketable products.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-68-75
Nail Adigamov, Il'dus Gimaltdinov, Ilgiz Galiev, Aleksandr Gricenko, Yuriy Kazakov
Today, the problem of maintaining the efficiency of complex modern domestic and foreign agricultural machines is quite acute. The working units of agricultural tillage machines operate in an aggressive abrasive environment, which leads to their intensive wear and, as a result, to the loss of geometric shape. This, in turn, leads to a violation of agrotechnical requirements, which significantly affects the yield of cultivated crops. Serial working units of soil-cultivating machines are made of alloy steels of the ST65G type with a working hardness of HRC 55 ... 60. The purpose of the research is to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage agricultural machines by using the technology of complex microplasma hardening, with the development of a methodology for determining rational modes of processing working surfaces. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex hardening of laboratory samples, studies of the elemental composition of the hardened layer were carried out. Plates made of ST65G steel were used as laboratory samples. Hardening was carried out using various combinations of cermet powders and microplasma hardening modes. Determination of wear resistance was carried out on a friction machine 77 MT-1. The best results were noted after vibro-arc hardening followed by electrospark alloying and the use of a cermet powder consisting of 80% PG-10N-01 matrix powder and 20% B4C boron carbide. Based on the indicators of hardening regimes, Lagrange interpolation polynomials were constructed, which describe the dependence of the amount of sample wear on the current and voltage, an algorithm was developed for determining rational hardening regimes to achieve maximum wear resistance of the studied samples. The microhardness of the surface of products during electrospark hardening increased up to 2 times, and with vibroarc in combination with electrospark alloying and the use of special pastes with cermet powders - more than 3 times. The depth of the hardened surface layer with complex hardening is about 0.3 mm.
{"title":"PROCESSING THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES OF INTEGRATED MICROPLASMA HARDENING OF WORKING UNITS AND PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES","authors":"Nail Adigamov, Il'dus Gimaltdinov, Ilgiz Galiev, Aleksandr Gricenko, Yuriy Kazakov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the problem of maintaining the efficiency of complex modern domestic and foreign agricultural machines is quite acute. The working units of agricultural tillage machines operate in an aggressive abrasive environment, which leads to their intensive wear and, as a result, to the loss of geometric shape. This, in turn, leads to a violation of agrotechnical requirements, which significantly affects the yield of cultivated crops. Serial working units of soil-cultivating machines are made of alloy steels of the ST65G type with a working hardness of HRC 55 ... 60. The purpose of the research is to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage agricultural machines by using the technology of complex microplasma hardening, with the development of a methodology for determining rational modes of processing working surfaces. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex hardening of laboratory samples, studies of the elemental composition of the hardened layer were carried out. Plates made of ST65G steel were used as laboratory samples. Hardening was carried out using various combinations of cermet powders and microplasma hardening modes. Determination of wear resistance was carried out on a friction machine 77 MT-1. The best results were noted after vibro-arc hardening followed by electrospark alloying and the use of a cermet powder consisting of 80% PG-10N-01 matrix powder and 20% B4C boron carbide. Based on the indicators of hardening regimes, Lagrange interpolation polynomials were constructed, which describe the dependence of the amount of sample wear on the current and voltage, an algorithm was developed for determining rational hardening regimes to achieve maximum wear resistance of the studied samples. The microhardness of the surface of products during electrospark hardening increased up to 2 times, and with vibroarc in combination with electrospark alloying and the use of special pastes with cermet powders - more than 3 times. The depth of the hardened surface layer with complex hardening is about 0.3 mm.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of management decision-making is determined by a number of factors, including the high competence of top management, its ability to adequately perceive and take into account the dynamism and instability of the external environment in the decision-making process for the purpose of flexible restructuring of business processes, and, if necessary, to adjust the company’s development strategy. In other words, competent leadership is a key factor in the quality of management decisions as a result of prompt, strategically verified and balanced adoption. At the same time, studying the quality of management decisions is impossible without taking into account the specifics of each individual company, its organizational structure, corporate culture, corporate communications system, management style, personal characteristics of top management, and gender diversity in the company's leadership. The study and synthesis of statistical data revealing the impact of gender diversity on company performance made it possible to provide a reasoned justification for the existence of a direct connection between the inclusion of women in directors and the profitability of companies. The combination of female and male mentality in company management allows us to find and apply new approaches to making management decisions that allow us to achieve all our goals. The success of many companies headed by women shows that it is largely predetermined by the personal qualities of women managers, manifested in the choice of behavioral models, preferences of methodological approaches to the management decision-making process, levels of adoption and types of decisions made, as well as their inherent personal authority and personal qualities. Gender diversity of the top management of companies allows us to minimize the possible deficit of the required personal qualities for making management decisions, which will inevitably lead to the effectiveness of the decisions made.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIVERSITY ON THE QUALITY OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE CORPORATE SECTOR","authors":"Marina Alekseevna Izmaylova, Evgeniya Korneva, Bulat Ziganshin, Andrey Dmitriev, Ramis Mardanov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-154-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-154-162","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of management decision-making is determined by a number of factors, including the high competence of top management, its ability to adequately perceive and take into account the dynamism and instability of the external environment in the decision-making process for the purpose of flexible restructuring of business processes, and, if necessary, to adjust the company’s development strategy. In other words, competent leadership is a key factor in the quality of management decisions as a result of prompt, strategically verified and balanced adoption. At the same time, studying the quality of management decisions is impossible without taking into account the specifics of each individual company, its organizational structure, corporate culture, corporate communications system, management style, personal characteristics of top management, and gender diversity in the company's leadership. The study and synthesis of statistical data revealing the impact of gender diversity on company performance made it possible to provide a reasoned justification for the existence of a direct connection between the inclusion of women in directors and the profitability of companies. The combination of female and male mentality in company management allows us to find and apply new approaches to making management decisions that allow us to achieve all our goals. The success of many companies headed by women shows that it is largely predetermined by the personal qualities of women managers, manifested in the choice of behavioral models, preferences of methodological approaches to the management decision-making process, levels of adoption and types of decisions made, as well as their inherent personal authority and personal qualities. Gender diversity of the top management of companies allows us to minimize the possible deficit of the required personal qualities for making management decisions, which will inevitably lead to the effectiveness of the decisions made.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-26-32
Ol'ga Gladysheva, Olga Levakova, Margarita Kostanyants
The research was carried out in order to identify the response of the trait plant height of winter wheat varieties to moisture conditions during the growing season. The work was carried out in 2010-2020 in Ryazan region. The object of the study was 9 varieties of winter soft wheat: Zarya, Inna, Pamyati Fedina, Moskovskaya 39, Angelina, Moskovskaya 56, Viola, Danaya, Felitsiya. The studies were carried out on a natural background in the nursery of competitive variety testing on plots of 10.0 m2. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest, heavy loamy, of medium fertility. The main part of the varieties was included in the group of undersized (80 ... 100 cm) and only Zarya variety, which has a height of 104 cm, is classified as medium. The difference between the minimum and maximum plant heights of the studied varieties, which varied from 30 cm (Felitsiya) to 45 cm (Inna), indicates the dependence of this indicator on the growing conditions. The reliability of differences between the effects of genotypes, environments and their interactions has been established. The greatest contribution (43.8%) to the dispersion of plant height was made by the “genotype×environment” interaction, the contribution of the genotype was 38.0%, of the environment – 8.9%. A close negative relationship was found between lodging resistance and plant height (r=-0.779). The most resistant to lodging varieties are Angelina, Viola, Danae and Felicia (8.0 points or more). The yield of modern varieties Viola, Danaya and Felitsiya (6.27 ... 7.02 t/ha) with the same technology is 30 ... 45% higher. Significant varietal differences were found in the effect of precipitation in autumn and spring-summer periods on plant height. A weak and medium inverse relationship was noted between plant height and September precipitation (r=-0.338…-0.739), as well as a very weak to moderate direct relationship with precipitation in the first decade of October (r=+0.172…+0.588) and a direct relationship with total precipitation in May (r=+0.121…+0.859), especially in the second decade (r=+0.367…+0.643).
本研究旨在了解冬小麦品种性状株高对生长季节水分条件的响应。该工作于2010-2020年在梁赞地区开展。研究对象为9个冬软小麦品种:扎里亚、伊娜、帕米亚提、费迪纳、莫斯科39号、安吉利娜、莫斯科56号、维奥拉、达纳亚、费利茨亚。本研究在自然背景下，在10.0 m2的苗圃内进行竞争性品种试验。试验田土壤为深灰色森林，重壤土，中等肥力。品种的主体部分被包括在小型(80…100厘米)，只有扎雅品种，其高度为104厘米，被列为中等。最小株高与最大株高之间的差异，从30 cm (Felitsiya)到45 cm (Inna)不等，表明该指标与生长条件有关。基因型、环境及其相互作用之间影响差异的可靠性已经确立。“genotype×environment”互作对株高分散的贡献最大(43.8%)，基因型的贡献为38.0%，环境的贡献为8.9%。抗倒伏性与株高呈负相关(r=-0.779)。最耐倒伏的品种是安吉丽娜、Viola、Danae和Felicia(8.0分以上)。现代品种Viola, Danaya和Felitsiya的产量(6.27…7.02吨/公顷)，同样的技术是30…高45%。秋季和春夏降水对株高的影响存在显著的品种差异。株高与9月降水量呈弱至中等的负相关关系(r=-0.338…-0.739)，与10月第一个10年降水量呈极弱至中等的正相关关系(r=+0.172…+0.588)，与5月总降水量呈正相关关系(r=+0.121…+0.859)，特别是在第二个10年(r=+0.367…+0.643)。
{"title":"MANIFESTATION OF “PLANT HEIGHT” SIGN OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON PRECITATION IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY","authors":"Ol'ga Gladysheva, Olga Levakova, Margarita Kostanyants","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-26-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-26-32","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in order to identify the response of the trait plant height of winter wheat varieties to moisture conditions during the growing season. The work was carried out in 2010-2020 in Ryazan region. The object of the study was 9 varieties of winter soft wheat: Zarya, Inna, Pamyati Fedina, Moskovskaya 39, Angelina, Moskovskaya 56, Viola, Danaya, Felitsiya. The studies were carried out on a natural background in the nursery of competitive variety testing on plots of 10.0 m2. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest, heavy loamy, of medium fertility. The main part of the varieties was included in the group of undersized (80 ... 100 cm) and only Zarya variety, which has a height of 104 cm, is classified as medium. The difference between the minimum and maximum plant heights of the studied varieties, which varied from 30 cm (Felitsiya) to 45 cm (Inna), indicates the dependence of this indicator on the growing conditions. The reliability of differences between the effects of genotypes, environments and their interactions has been established. The greatest contribution (43.8%) to the dispersion of plant height was made by the “genotype×environment” interaction, the contribution of the genotype was 38.0%, of the environment – 8.9%. A close negative relationship was found between lodging resistance and plant height (r=-0.779). The most resistant to lodging varieties are Angelina, Viola, Danae and Felicia (8.0 points or more). The yield of modern varieties Viola, Danaya and Felitsiya (6.27 ... 7.02 t/ha) with the same technology is 30 ... 45% higher. Significant varietal differences were found in the effect of precipitation in autumn and spring-summer periods on plant height. A weak and medium inverse relationship was noted between plant height and September precipitation (r=-0.338…-0.739), as well as a very weak to moderate direct relationship with precipitation in the first decade of October (r=+0.172…+0.588) and a direct relationship with total precipitation in May (r=+0.121…+0.859), especially in the second decade (r=+0.367…+0.643).","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-168-177
E. Kovalenko, O. Yakimova, B. Ziganshin, Shamil Gazetdinov
An urgent problem of social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is a steady process of depopulation, which is especially acute in rural areas. Thus, the results of a study of the interdependence of the demographic situation, social and economic situation, quality of life and the state of the environment indicate stable negative trends in the regions of Volga Federal District. The assessment of integral indicators for economic, social, environmental and demographic blocks, each of which is represented by official state statistics, made it possible to assess the degree of their differentiation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the causal relationships between them. To classify the regions of Volga Federal District, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the full connection method, which made it possible to combine them into 3 relatively homogeneous clusters and obtain characteristics for the main blocks - elements of sustainable development. The cluster with a high level of development included 4 regions - the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Territory, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions. The cluster with an average level is represented by 4 subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic and the Orenburg region. The regions of 3 clusters have a low level of development, namely the Republic of Mordovia, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov, Penza, Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions. According to the results of a comparative analysis, both in terms of average indicators of clusters and in individual regions, it is stated that the demographic situation in almost all subjects of Volga Federal District on average for 2019-2021 was unfavorable, the actual indicators significantly exceed the maximum critical values of demographic security. The study of the demographics of the municipalities of the Republic of Mordovia, one of the most crisis regions of Volga Federal District, testifies to an even deeper differentiation of the demographic state, requiring government decisions. This, in turn, is associated with the formation and implementation of an ecistic policy in the regions with the general goal of saving people, especially in peripheral rural areas with a demographic crisis and a low level of economic and social development. It is argued that a regular spatial analysis of the demographic situation is necessary when predicting the social and economic development of regions and municipalities in the long and medium term, as well as when assessing the activities of state regional and municipal authorities.
{"title":"MECHANISMS FOR SOLVING DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES","authors":"E. Kovalenko, O. Yakimova, B. Ziganshin, Shamil Gazetdinov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-168-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-168-177","url":null,"abstract":"An urgent problem of social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is a steady process of depopulation, which is especially acute in rural areas. Thus, the results of a study of the interdependence of the demographic situation, social and economic situation, quality of life and the state of the environment indicate stable negative trends in the regions of Volga Federal District. The assessment of integral indicators for economic, social, environmental and demographic blocks, each of which is represented by official state statistics, made it possible to assess the degree of their differentiation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the causal relationships between them. To classify the regions of Volga Federal District, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the full connection method, which made it possible to combine them into 3 relatively homogeneous clusters and obtain characteristics for the main blocks - elements of sustainable development. The cluster with a high level of development included 4 regions - the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Territory, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions. The cluster with an average level is represented by 4 subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic and the Orenburg region. The regions of 3 clusters have a low level of development, namely the Republic of Mordovia, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov, Penza, Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions. According to the results of a comparative analysis, both in terms of average indicators of clusters and in individual regions, it is stated that the demographic situation in almost all subjects of Volga Federal District on average for 2019-2021 was unfavorable, the actual indicators significantly exceed the maximum critical values of demographic security. The study of the demographics of the municipalities of the Republic of Mordovia, one of the most crisis regions of Volga Federal District, testifies to an even deeper differentiation of the demographic state, requiring government decisions. This, in turn, is associated with the formation and implementation of an ecistic policy in the regions with the general goal of saving people, especially in peripheral rural areas with a demographic crisis and a low level of economic and social development. It is argued that a regular spatial analysis of the demographic situation is necessary when predicting the social and economic development of regions and municipalities in the long and medium term, as well as when assessing the activities of state regional and municipal authorities.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75267678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-191-198
A. Minakov, I. Safiullin, V. Mikhaylova
The agriculture of the Russian Federation is an important part of the national economy, the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. The development of agriculture is influenced by both internal factors (climate, economy, labor resources, state support for the industry, etc.) and external factors (sanctions from unfriendly countries, world market prices, etc.). The importance of increasing the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural industry in the international market has increased with the launch of a special military operation in 2022, as it has faced new challenges. As a result of large-scale political pressure from unfriendly states, the country was cut off from imports of equipment, spare parts, technologies and seeds necessary for the agro-industrial sector, supply chains were disrupted, prices for imported goods increased, and problems arose with exports. Despite these difficulties, Russian agriculture, despite the decline in crop production, due to the growth of indicators in dairy and meat animal husbandry, shows a steady increase in total production. So, in comparison with 2017, the volume of milk production by 2021 increased by 7%, and meat of all types - by 10%. The level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in 2021 exceeded the threshold levels of the Food Security Doctrine for the production of grain, sugar, meat and meat products; below the threshold level was the production of potatoes, milk and dairy products, vegetables and gourds, fruits and berries. Also, a positive moment in the development of the agricultural sector is the increase in the volume of exports of the industry’s products both in kind and in monetary terms, the structure of exports has improved, where there are more and more products of processed agricultural raw materials. However, at present, the sanctions of unfriendly countries have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and on its competitiveness in the international market. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, aimed at increasing investment and innovation activity in the industry, developing import substitution (creating new industries) and ensuring food security.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA AND DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING ITS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET","authors":"A. Minakov, I. Safiullin, V. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-191-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-191-198","url":null,"abstract":"The agriculture of the Russian Federation is an important part of the national economy, the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. The development of agriculture is influenced by both internal factors (climate, economy, labor resources, state support for the industry, etc.) and external factors (sanctions from unfriendly countries, world market prices, etc.). The importance of increasing the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural industry in the international market has increased with the launch of a special military operation in 2022, as it has faced new challenges. As a result of large-scale political pressure from unfriendly states, the country was cut off from imports of equipment, spare parts, technologies and seeds necessary for the agro-industrial sector, supply chains were disrupted, prices for imported goods increased, and problems arose with exports. Despite these difficulties, Russian agriculture, despite the decline in crop production, due to the growth of indicators in dairy and meat animal husbandry, shows a steady increase in total production. So, in comparison with 2017, the volume of milk production by 2021 increased by 7%, and meat of all types - by 10%. The level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in 2021 exceeded the threshold levels of the Food Security Doctrine for the production of grain, sugar, meat and meat products; below the threshold level was the production of potatoes, milk and dairy products, vegetables and gourds, fruits and berries. Also, a positive moment in the development of the agricultural sector is the increase in the volume of exports of the industry’s products both in kind and in monetary terms, the structure of exports has improved, where there are more and more products of processed agricultural raw materials. However, at present, the sanctions of unfriendly countries have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and on its competitiveness in the international market. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, aimed at increasing investment and innovation activity in the industry, developing import substitution (creating new industries) and ensuring food security.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76668625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-159
G. Klychova, Alsu R. Zakirova, A. Dyatlova, A. Valiev, N. Nigmatullina
In modern conditions, the issues of developing internal control of the management system of an economic entity are of particular relevance. In the process of internal control, management activity is evaluated in terms of its compliance with standards containing the main provisions for the effective functioning of social and economic systems. Proposed to improve the effectiveness of control procedures at the planning stage, the working document of internal control “Program of internal control of the management system” allows for a rational distribution of responsibilities between controllers by defining the control procedures to be performed. The “Test for assessing the effectiveness of the organizational structure of an economic entity” proposed in the course of the working document study allows clarifying the structure of an economic entity and its compliance with strategic development goals, assessing the effectiveness of managing structural divisions, and establishing a mechanism for interaction between management and divisions. For documenting the results of the control of the personnel management system, namely the results of the assessment of personnel potential, it is recommended to use the working document of internal control “Analysis of personnel composition”. On the basis of this document, the inspector, having assessed the qualitative composition of personnel, can determine the advantages and disadvantages in the existing personnel structure, develop recommendations for improving the personnel policy in the personnel management system. When organizing internal control of the production management system, it is important to determine the areas of control, specific tools for control measures, users of information and the results of control measures. In this regard, it is proposed to use the document “Internal control of the production management system” in the verification process. The proposed working documents of internal control make it possible to systematize the results of control procedures and provide information to the management of an economic entity for making managerial decisions.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM","authors":"G. Klychova, Alsu R. Zakirova, A. Dyatlova, A. Valiev, N. Nigmatullina","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-150-159","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions, the issues of developing internal control of the management system of an economic entity are of particular relevance. In the process of internal control, management activity is evaluated in terms of its compliance with standards containing the main provisions for the effective functioning of social and economic systems. Proposed to improve the effectiveness of control procedures at the planning stage, the working document of internal control “Program of internal control of the management system” allows for a rational distribution of responsibilities between controllers by defining the control procedures to be performed. The “Test for assessing the effectiveness of the organizational structure of an economic entity” proposed in the course of the working document study allows clarifying the structure of an economic entity and its compliance with strategic development goals, assessing the effectiveness of managing structural divisions, and establishing a mechanism for interaction between management and divisions. For documenting the results of the control of the personnel management system, namely the results of the assessment of personnel potential, it is recommended to use the working document of internal control “Analysis of personnel composition”. On the basis of this document, the inspector, having assessed the qualitative composition of personnel, can determine the advantages and disadvantages in the existing personnel structure, develop recommendations for improving the personnel policy in the personnel management system. When organizing internal control of the production management system, it is important to determine the areas of control, specific tools for control measures, users of information and the results of control measures. In this regard, it is proposed to use the document “Internal control of the production management system” in the verification process. The proposed working documents of internal control make it possible to systematize the results of control procedures and provide information to the management of an economic entity for making managerial decisions.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86029569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-199-205
M. Hismatullin, A. Valiev, M. Khismatullin, N. Asadullin, V. Mikhaylova
Sustainable and efficient production of agricultural products, regardless of the influence of weather and climate factors in the zone of risky farming, is largely possible only with the widespread introduction of land reclamation measures. The research was carried out with the aim of studying the current state of the reclamation industry in the Republic of Tatarstan and developing scientifically based ways of its development. In the course of the studies of the economic efficiency of irrigated agriculture in the republic, it was found that in potatoes production due to irrigation, the yield increases from 3.89 to 4.2 times, and the marketability of finished products due to improved quality and standardization of tubers by 2.58 times. It was revealed that with a potato marketability of 80%, the net income per 1 ha is 495.9 thousand rubles. The net income from 1 ha of corn for silage under irrigation is 52.4 thousand rubles. This suggests that one ruble spent on irrigation allows farms to receive up to 12 rubles of additional production in the production of grain crops. And in the production of vegetables and marketable potatoes - up to 40 rubles. The cultivation of perennial crops on irrigation makes it possible to obtain up to four full-fledged cuttings, which makes it possible to provide the livestock industry with a reliable fodder base. At this stage of development of the reclamation industry of the Republic of Tatarstan, about 1.5% of the arable land of the Republic is under irrigation reclamation, it produces up to 18.5% of the gross crop production. However, the widespread introduction of land reclamation elements by agricultural producers is limited due to a number of reasons. This series includes: the high cost of restoration, construction, operation and maintenance of reclamation facilities and their network, the lack of technical and financial resources for agricultural enterprises, the need for preliminary costly survey and design work to obtain design estimates (DED). According to expert estimates, to provide food for the inhabitants of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is necessary to have at least 150 thousand hectares of irrigated land, against the currently available 35 thousand hectares. Achieving the indicated value of irrigated lands is not possible without the adoption of a comprehensive program for the development of melioration and agrolandscape farming system, which should be adequately financially secured for the implementation of program activities.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE RECLAMATION INDUSTRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"M. Hismatullin, A. Valiev, M. Khismatullin, N. Asadullin, V. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-199-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-199-205","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable and efficient production of agricultural products, regardless of the influence of weather and climate factors in the zone of risky farming, is largely possible only with the widespread introduction of land reclamation measures. The research was carried out with the aim of studying the current state of the reclamation industry in the Republic of Tatarstan and developing scientifically based ways of its development. In the course of the studies of the economic efficiency of irrigated agriculture in the republic, it was found that in potatoes production due to irrigation, the yield increases from 3.89 to 4.2 times, and the marketability of finished products due to improved quality and standardization of tubers by 2.58 times. It was revealed that with a potato marketability of 80%, the net income per 1 ha is 495.9 thousand rubles. The net income from 1 ha of corn for silage under irrigation is 52.4 thousand rubles. This suggests that one ruble spent on irrigation allows farms to receive up to 12 rubles of additional production in the production of grain crops. And in the production of vegetables and marketable potatoes - up to 40 rubles. The cultivation of perennial crops on irrigation makes it possible to obtain up to four full-fledged cuttings, which makes it possible to provide the livestock industry with a reliable fodder base. At this stage of development of the reclamation industry of the Republic of Tatarstan, about 1.5% of the arable land of the Republic is under irrigation reclamation, it produces up to 18.5% of the gross crop production. However, the widespread introduction of land reclamation elements by agricultural producers is limited due to a number of reasons. This series includes: the high cost of restoration, construction, operation and maintenance of reclamation facilities and their network, the lack of technical and financial resources for agricultural enterprises, the need for preliminary costly survey and design work to obtain design estimates (DED). According to expert estimates, to provide food for the inhabitants of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is necessary to have at least 150 thousand hectares of irrigated land, against the currently available 35 thousand hectares. Achieving the indicated value of irrigated lands is not possible without the adoption of a comprehensive program for the development of melioration and agrolandscape farming system, which should be adequately financially secured for the implementation of program activities.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76804045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2023-160-167
I. Kovaleva
One of the key issues for the effective development of the agricultural sector of the economy is foreign economic activity. The study was conducted in order to study the level of development of the sectoral market of certain types of agricultural products in an agro-oriented cross-border region in the context of reaching the international level and the availability of logistics infrastructure. The indicators of the promising leading sectors of the agricultural sector of the economy (economic, innovative, infrastructural) considered for evaluation make it possible to objectively assess the level of sectoral development and give appropriate recommendations, taking into account the logistical capabilities of the region and its cross-border location, the effective functioning of crop and livestock industries in the context of the development of international activity. Effective sectoral development involves the interaction of all constituent elements, while a special role is assigned to the processing link, which has the final action in the technological production chain in the form of the presentation of finished products on the consumer market, as well as the logistics infrastructure, which allows optimizing transportation costs. The proposed segmentation of local production areas on the example of the dairy industry based on the potential in the form of production of raw milk and its processing suggests the presence of a cheese-making zone and a zone for the production of whole-milk products, oriented to the domestic and international markets. The developed transport infrastructure of the region and the cross-border position allows integrating into international transport corridors, which will allow more efficient development of sectoral markets for agricultural products. The results of the study can be the basis for making a forecast for the sustainable development of the agricultural sectors of the region, the processing industry in the context of active foreign economic activity.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE INDUSTRY SECTOR OF THE REGION","authors":"I. Kovaleva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-160-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-160-167","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key issues for the effective development of the agricultural sector of the economy is foreign economic activity. The study was conducted in order to study the level of development of the sectoral market of certain types of agricultural products in an agro-oriented cross-border region in the context of reaching the international level and the availability of logistics infrastructure. The indicators of the promising leading sectors of the agricultural sector of the economy (economic, innovative, infrastructural) considered for evaluation make it possible to objectively assess the level of sectoral development and give appropriate recommendations, taking into account the logistical capabilities of the region and its cross-border location, the effective functioning of crop and livestock industries in the context of the development of international activity. Effective sectoral development involves the interaction of all constituent elements, while a special role is assigned to the processing link, which has the final action in the technological production chain in the form of the presentation of finished products on the consumer market, as well as the logistics infrastructure, which allows optimizing transportation costs. The proposed segmentation of local production areas on the example of the dairy industry based on the potential in the form of production of raw milk and its processing suggests the presence of a cheese-making zone and a zone for the production of whole-milk products, oriented to the domestic and international markets. The developed transport infrastructure of the region and the cross-border position allows integrating into international transport corridors, which will allow more efficient development of sectoral markets for agricultural products. The results of the study can be the basis for making a forecast for the sustainable development of the agricultural sectors of the region, the processing industry in the context of active foreign economic activity.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75282440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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