Veterinary Medicine and Science最新文献

This study aimed to detect the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in the testicular tissue of bulls over 1-year old by immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and molecular assay targeting methods. In addition, γH2AX and cytochrome c expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods in samples positive for BPV agent. In this study, 100 testicular specimens that did not show any macroscopic papilloma findings were collected. Testicular tissues were collected and examined using histologically and molecularly methods. In the present study, immunopositivity was detected in 6 (6%) samples with the IHC method and in 11 (11%) samples with the IF method. In addition, BPV positivity was detected in four (4%) samples by the PCR method and four (4%) samples determined to be BPV positive by PCR also showed immunopositivity in IHC and IF methods. γH2AX immunopositivity was seen in two of the BPV-positive samples by the IHC method, and γH2AX immunopositivity was observed in four of the samples determined to be positive for the BPV agent by the IF method. Cytochrome c immunopositivity was found in all the samples determined positive for the BPV agent. When the findings were evaluated, the presence of the BPV agent in the testicular tissues of cattle that did not have macroscopic papillomas was revealed for the first time. It was thought that the BPV agent caused double-stranded DNA breaks and increased cytochrome c expression.

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of amino acid supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicks challenged with coccidiosis. Data were collected on authorship, publication year, study sample characteristics and outcomes of interest related to growth performance. Effect sizes were calculated for both overall effects and the individual effects of each amino acid. The effects of moderator factors, such as supplementation levels and duration, were also assessed, and bias was calculated. Works were obtained from PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer Link and Scopus databases, with the help of search engines like Google Scholar and ResearchGate, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. A random-effects model was used. Thirteen works were included in the current analysis, examining the effects of arginine (n = 4), methionine (n = 6), threonine (n = 3) and glutamine (n = 3). Amino acid supplementation [0.326, CI 95% (0.297-0.355); p = 0.000], arginine [0.430, CI 95% (0.293-0.568); p = 0.000] and threonine [0.793, CI 95% (0.193-1.38); p = 0.009] significantly increased body weight. Amino acid supplementation [0.052, CI 95% (0.022-0.081); p = 0.000] and arginine [0.317, CI 95% (0.049-0.585); p = 0.000] also significantly increased feed intake. Higher levels of amino acids (≥1.50%) and longer supplementation periods (≥15 days) significantly increased body weight and feed intake, while reducing the feed conversion ratio. Funnel plots, fail-safe N and Egger tests showed no evidence of bias. In conclusion, arginine supplementation has the potential to increase body weight and feed intake in poultry challenged with coccidiosis. Higher doses of amino acids and longer supplementation periods are recommended in such cases.

Background: Determining the complete genome sequence data of adenoviruses has recently become greatly important due to their use by scientists as vectors in cancer studies and other fields, including vaccine development. However, the GenBank database currently has few complete genome sequences of adenoviruses, which are known for their large genomes. To address this gap, we analysed next-generation sequencing data obtained from our previous study to provide the complete genome sequence of the canine adenovirus-2 strain.

Methods: For the obtained canine adenovirus-2 strain (OQ596341), comparative genomics, recombination and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. This sequence was compared and phylogenetically analysed with the 20 complete genome sequences of canine adenovirus previously reported in GenBank worldwide, as well as partial E3 ORFA sequences obtained from Türkiye.

Results: The nucleotide similarity rates of the sequence obtained from this study with other CAdV-2 whole genomes are over 99.04%. The gene alignment results reveal that the OQ596341 was found to be closely related to the AC000020 reference genome and LC557011. There are two recombination events related to the genome in this study. Comparisons with other complete genome sequences revealed several previously unseen mutations. These mutations include H34Y in the E1A gene; P55A in the E1B 55K gene; D13N and D202N in the IVa2 gene; K679R, V934I and K989N in the Pol gene; E205K in the pTP gene; T455A in the pIIIa gene; A310V in the V gene; G151R in the protease gene; E268K in the 100K gene; G66S and G141S in the 33K gene; T14A, E250K, D287N and I293T in the E3 ORFA gene; and L193F in the E434K gene. Moreover, a comparison with partial sequences obtained from Türkiye revealed the E250K mutation in the E3 ORFA gene, which we report for the first time in Türkiye.

Conclusions: The complete CAdV-2 genome sequence obtained in the present study is the first sequence from Europe. Comparative analysis with other genomes revealed some unique mutations. This study is the first to report the E250K amino acid change in the E3 ORFA gene in Türkiye. We anticipate that this data can be used in future CAdV-2 vaccine development studies. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the impact of these mutations on viral tropism and other host interactions.

Background: Fascioliasis represents one of the most significant parasitic and foodborne zoonotic diseases in the world. Resistance to currently deployed human and veterinary flukicides is a growing health problem. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have developed enormous importance in nanomedicine. The current study aims to evaluate the flukicide activity of ZnO-NPs on the adult stages of Fasciola hepatica, in vitro assay.

Methods: Mature flukes of F. hepatica were collected from the biliary tracts of cattle liver from the main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate, Egypt. The co-precipitation process was utilized to create ZnO-NPs. The adult active flukes of F. hepatica (n = 6) were transferred in Petri dishes (triplicates) containing different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (0.5, 0.10 and 0.12 mg/mL), with simultaneous maintenance of control in only PBS. The treated and control groups of flukes were maintained inside an incubator at 37°C ± 1°C. Mortality and paralysis of the flukes were observed. The adult flukes were picked up for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination from the control medium, and those exposed to the highest effective concentration of ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs showed dose-dependent flukicide efficacy against the adult flukes.

Results: At 0.12 mg/mL concentration of ZnO-NPs, the mortality of flukes was attained early in 4.05 ± 0.033 h. The photomicrographs obtained by SEM of the flukes revealed that ZnO-NPs (0.12 mg/mL) had a potent effect on the integument surface and genital system of F. hepatica. Most of the tegument was damaged with complete erosion and loss of the spines and papillae. Furthermore, a severe rupture in the genital system causes the uterus to burst and releases eggs through the genital pore.

Conclusions: Hence, it could be concluded that ZnO-NPs performed effective anthelmintic activity against the adult stages of F. hepatica, in vitro. The results of the present study recommend the use of ZnO-NPs as new preparations with anthelmintic activity.

Background and objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of in ovo formula product injection on hatching parameters, chick quality, small intestinal development and ileum histology of breeder hen eggs.

Methods: A total of 400 fertilised eggs were obtained from the Atak-S parent flock at 42 weeks of age for the experiment. The experiment was designed in two groups: a control group (C), in which no injection was performed, and the other group in which a solution containing formula products at concentrations of 1.25% (F1), 2.5% (F2) and 5% (F3) was injected into 0.5 mL/egg air sac. The hatching rate, embryonic mortality and discard chick rate were examined at the end of the trial.

Results: The best result of the hatching rate was found in the Group F2, while there was no difference between the control and Group F1 regarding these parameters. The weight and length of the quality chicks were promoted in the Group F1. In Group F3, the injection of the formula product at a rate of 5% had a negative effect on parameters such as hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, Pasgar score and yolk sac weight compared to the other groups. Otherwise, in Group F2, there was a significant increase in villus height, crypt depth and lamina muscularis mucosa thickness compared to the other groups (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: As a result, it has been concluded that the appropriate rates for the formula product application on chicks are 1.25% and 2.5%, considering the positive effects of the 1.25% and 2.5% rates and the negative effects of the 5% rate.

Background: A proper placentation is required for establishment and continuity of pregnancy. In sheep, placentomes are unique structures that enable nutrition and gas exchange between the mother and the foetus. Although placentomes are dynamic formations, there is limited knowledge of changes in placentomes during pregnancy.

Objective: This study aimed to identify changes in sheep placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy using both macroscopic and microscopic methods.

Methods: This study investigated 14 healthy cross-breed Hamdani sheep placentomes, comprising seven second and seven third trimesters of pregnancy. The histomorphometric analysis included measurements of capillary number and area in cotyledonary and caruncular regions, while morphometric assessments encompassed placentome dimensions such as number, length, width, and depth.

Results: Placentomes were oval and circular in shape in the second and third trimesters. In the second trimester, they were observed as concave structures with thick edges, whereas in the third trimester, they were determined as thin-edged structures with a slight depression in the centre. In the third trimester, foetal and maternal tissues became more intertwined with increased branching of foetal villi and maternal crypts. Placental hematomas and erythrocytes in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells were more prominent in the third trimester. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in placentome number between the second and third trimesters. However, the dimensions (length, width, and depth) of placentomes were greater in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). Additionally, while there was no difference in the number of cotyledonary versus caruncular capillaries in the second trimester, cotyledonary capillaries outnumbered caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both cotyledonary and caruncular capillary areas increased in the third trimester compared to the second trimester, with the caruncular capillary area being consistently higher than the cotyledonary capillary area in both trimesters (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study underscores the substantial structural and physiological transformations of placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in sheep. These adaptations facilitate efficient flow exchange between the foetus and mother, highlighting the dynamic nature of placental development during late gestation.

Objectives: To determine T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokine polarization, as well as high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels, in cats with pyometra.

Methods: We used 40 queens in the study. A total of 20 out of these 40 queens were diagnosed with the pyometra group (PYO) and the other 20 made up the healthy group (control; CTR). We measured concentrations of hs-cTnI, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and l-lactate in queens from both groups. Additionally, we measured cytokine concentrations in all queens.

Results: The hs-cTnI concentration in the PYO group (26.95 ± 5.08 ng/L) was significantly higher than that of the CTR group (7.00 ± 0.82 ng/L) (p < 0.000). Furthermore, the PYO group had a higher CK concentration (344.50 ± 39.63 U/L) than the CTR group (191.00 ± 15.44 U/L) (p = 0.002). The PYO group also demonstrated higher concentrations of TNF-α (9.77 ± 0.81 ng/mL), IFN-γ (25.37 ± 2.09 ng/mL), IL-2 (4.37 ± 0.39 ng/mL), IL-4 (245.64 ± 15.83 pg/mL), IL-5 (63.13 ± 1.65 pg/mL) and IL-10 (123.58 ± 4.30 ng/mL) compared to the CTR group (p < 0.000).

Conclusions: Overall, it is suggested that changes in cytokine concentrations increase in queens with pyometra, potentially causing harm to the heart muscle. It is crucial to consider that the heart muscle may also be affected in queens with pyometra during the treatment process.

The objective of this study is to assess the embryological and morphometric development of the chick cerebrum during specific incubation periods. The cerebrums of 24 Babcock White Leghorn chicks, six each from the 10th, 13th, 16th and 21st days of the incubation period, were used in the study. After removing the heads of fixed embryos from the upper edge of the atlas, the brains were taken out of the cranial cavity. Morphometric measurements were performed on the removed brains, and paraffin blocks were prepared following the routine histological procedure. Sections 5 µm thick were taken from the blocks, with an additional 10 µm thick section taken every 50th section. The slides were then stained using Crossmon's triple stain and Klüver-Barrera staining methods and photographed. The sectional images were transferred to the ImageJ programme, brain volume was calculated using stereological methods, and histological measurements were performed. The development of brain parts in selected embryonic periods was examined in detail, focusing on anatomical and histological aspects. According to the results, it was determined that all measured parameters, except the third ventricle width, increased and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It is believed that the findings of this study will enhance the understanding of the region's anatomy. The new morphometric data can serve as reference data in neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity studies.

Family poultry farming plays a crucial role in ensuring protein availability and household income, particularly in low-income families. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes and practices of family poultry farmers regarding poultry diseases, biosecurity and vaccinations. The research involved surveying 150 farmers in a selected area in Sri Lanka's western province, revealing significant knowledge gaps, particularly in understanding poultry diseases, their causes, transmission pathways and potential impacts on humans. Most respondents demonstrated a lack of familiarity with biosecurity practices, with only a small fraction accurately identified recommended measures. Among the total respondents, only 16.7% were familiar with the term 'biosecurity'. Additionally, only 29.3% recognized that family poultry could pose a threat to public health. A significant majority (84.67%) admitted to not knowing which diseases could be effectively prevented through vaccination, and 80% of respondents had never vaccinated their birds. These findings highlight the challenges faced by family poultry farmers due to their limited understanding of crucial aspects of poultry management. The study underscores the need for government intervention and policy development to address these issues. Education and training programmes are essential to enhance farmers' awareness regarding disease control, biosecurity measures and the benefits of vaccination.

Thiazoles serve as pharmacophores in many molecules that exhibit significant biological activity. This study used in vitro assays and in silico methodologies to identify novel medication candidates for preclinical evaluation of visceral toxocariasis treatment. The objective was to assess the impact of 11 thiazolohydrazone derivative compounds on the larval eggs of Toxocara canis. In addition, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on IL-6 levels in THP-1 cells stimulated with larval eggs have been examined. Compounds indicating the most significant inhibitory effect on IL-6 and a suppressive effect on larval eggs have been included in molecular dynamics studies. The study revealed that, when evaluating all thiazolohydrazone derivatives together, Compounds 3g and 3h possessed the highest antiparasitic efficiency, encouraging further molecular dynamics investigations on these compounds. Consequently, it can be theorised that if the results from this study are corroborated by in vivo studies, new anti-nematodal medication candidates may be identified.