Yi Wu, Lu Li, Wanfu Bai, Tao Li, Xiaoying Qian, Yiyi Liu, Shenyuan Wang, Chunxia Liu, Fang Wan, Dong Zhang, Yingchun Liu, Kaifeng Wu, Yu Ling, Huanmin Zhou, Fanhua Meng, Yanru Zhang, Junwei Cao
BackgroundFoot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important pathogen of the MicroRNA virus family. Infection of livestock can cause physical weakness, weight loss, reduced milk production, and a significant reduction in productivity for an extended period. It also causes a high mortality rate in young animals, seriously affecting livestock production. The host range of FMDV is mainly limited to cloven‐hoofed animals such as cattle and sheep, while odd‐toed ungulates such as horses and donkeys have natural resistance to FMDV. The mechanism underlying this resistance in odd‐toed ungulates remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the differences between FMDV‐infected cattle and horses to provide valuable insights into the host‐FMDV interaction mechanisms, thereby contributing to the control of foot‐and‐mouth disease and promoting the development of the livestock industry.MethodsWe observed the distribution of integrins, which help FMDV enter host cells, in the nasopharyngeal tissues of cattle and horses using immunohistochemistry. Then, we employed high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) to study the changes in host gene expression in the nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues of cattle and horses after FMDV infection. We performed enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways after FMDV infection and validated related genes through qPCR.ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that both cattle and horses had four integrin receptors that could assist FMDV entry into host cells. The transcriptome analysis revealed that after FMDV infection, pro‐apoptotic genes such as caspase‐3 (CASP3) and cytochrome C (CYCS) were upregulated in cattle, while apoptosis‐inhibiting genes such as NAIP and BCL2A1 were downregulated. In contrast, the expression trend of related genes in horses was opposite to that in cattle. Additionally, autophagy‐related genes such as beclin 1, ATG101, ATG4B, ATG4A, ATG13, and BCL2A1 were downregulated in cattle after FMDV infection, indicating that cattle did not clear the virus through autophagy. However, key autophagy genes including ATG1, ATG3, ATG9, ATG12, and ATG16L1 were significantly upregulated in horses after viral infection.ConclusionBoth water buffaloes and Mongolian horses express integrin receptors that allow FMDV entry into cells. Therefore, the resistance of Mongolian horses to FMDV may result from more changes in intracellular mechanisms, including processes such as autophagy and apoptosis. Significant differences were observed between water buffaloes and Mongolian horses in these processes, suggesting that these processes influence FMDV replication and synthesis.
{"title":"RNA‐Seq analysis reveals the different mechanisms triggered by bovine and equine after infection with FMDV","authors":"Yi Wu, Lu Li, Wanfu Bai, Tao Li, Xiaoying Qian, Yiyi Liu, Shenyuan Wang, Chunxia Liu, Fang Wan, Dong Zhang, Yingchun Liu, Kaifeng Wu, Yu Ling, Huanmin Zhou, Fanhua Meng, Yanru Zhang, Junwei Cao","doi":"10.1002/vms3.1569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1569","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFoot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important pathogen of the MicroRNA virus family. Infection of livestock can cause physical weakness, weight loss, reduced milk production, and a significant reduction in productivity for an extended period. It also causes a high mortality rate in young animals, seriously affecting livestock production. The host range of FMDV is mainly limited to cloven‐hoofed animals such as cattle and sheep, while odd‐toed ungulates such as horses and donkeys have natural resistance to FMDV. The mechanism underlying this resistance in odd‐toed ungulates remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the differences between FMDV‐infected cattle and horses to provide valuable insights into the host‐FMDV interaction mechanisms, thereby contributing to the control of foot‐and‐mouth disease and promoting the development of the livestock industry.MethodsWe observed the distribution of integrins, which help FMDV enter host cells, in the nasopharyngeal tissues of cattle and horses using immunohistochemistry. Then, we employed high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) to study the changes in host gene expression in the nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues of cattle and horses after FMDV infection. We performed enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways after FMDV infection and validated related genes through qPCR.ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that both cattle and horses had four integrin receptors that could assist FMDV entry into host cells. The transcriptome analysis revealed that after FMDV infection, pro‐apoptotic genes such as caspase‐3 (CASP3) and cytochrome C (CYCS) were upregulated in cattle, while apoptosis‐inhibiting genes such as NAIP and BCL2A1 were downregulated. In contrast, the expression trend of related genes in horses was opposite to that in cattle. Additionally, autophagy‐related genes such as beclin 1, ATG101, ATG4B, ATG4A, ATG13, and BCL2A1 were downregulated in cattle after FMDV infection, indicating that cattle did not clear the virus through autophagy. However, key autophagy genes including ATG1, ATG3, ATG9, ATG12, and ATG16L1 were significantly upregulated in horses after viral infection.ConclusionBoth water buffaloes and Mongolian horses express integrin receptors that allow FMDV entry into cells. Therefore, the resistance of Mongolian horses to FMDV may result from more changes in intracellular mechanisms, including processes such as autophagy and apoptosis. Significant differences were observed between water buffaloes and Mongolian horses in these processes, suggesting that these processes influence FMDV replication and synthesis.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun NamKung, Su‐Min Park, Jae‐Hyeon Im, Ga‐Hyun Lim, Min‐Ok Ryu, Kyoung‐Won Seo, Hwa‐Young Youn
Background/AimThe soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL‐2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients.Patients and MethodsSerum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors. The concentration of sIL‐2R was measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsThe median sIL‐2R concentration was significantly higher in dogs with solid masses than in healthy dogs (117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml, p = 0.016). The highest median sIL‐2R concentration was found in dogs with malignant tumors, followed by those with benign tumors, and healthy dogs (119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml, respectively). In dogs with malignant tumors, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with high sIL‐2R levels than in the group with low sIL‐2R levels. Dogs with solid tumors, particularly those with malignant tumors, had higher concentrations of sIL‐2R than healthy dogs. Among dogs with malignant tumors, a correlation between sIL‐2R concentration and mortality rate was confirmed.ConclusionSerum sIL‐2R levels may be used to detect malignant tumors and serve as a prognostic factor in dogs with malignant tumors.
背景/目的可溶性白细胞介素-2 受体（sIL-2R）是人类患者肿瘤的一种有价值的生物标记物，因为在炎症、感染和肿瘤等临床状态下，其水平会在 T 淋巴细胞活化过程中升高。本研究旨在证明患肿瘤的狗体内 sIL-2R 水平也会升高，并评估其作为犬类癌症患者诊断和预后因素的适用性。结果 患有实体肿瘤的狗的 sIL-2R 浓度中位数明显高于健康狗（117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml，p = 0.016）。恶性肿瘤犬的 sIL-2R 中位浓度最高，其次是良性肿瘤犬和健康犬（分别为 119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml）。在患有恶性肿瘤的狗中，sIL-2R 含量高的一组的死亡率明显高于 sIL-2R 含量低的一组。与健康犬相比，实体瘤犬（尤其是恶性肿瘤犬）体内的 sIL-2R 浓度更高。结论血清 sIL-2R 水平可用于检测恶性肿瘤，并可作为恶性肿瘤犬的预后因素。
{"title":"Evaluation serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor with diagnosis and prognosis in canine solid tumour: 34 cases","authors":"Hyun NamKung, Su‐Min Park, Jae‐Hyeon Im, Ga‐Hyun Lim, Min‐Ok Ryu, Kyoung‐Won Seo, Hwa‐Young Youn","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70033","url":null,"abstract":"Background/AimThe soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL‐2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients.Patients and MethodsSerum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors. The concentration of sIL‐2R was measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsThe median sIL‐2R concentration was significantly higher in dogs with solid masses than in healthy dogs (117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml, p = 0.016). The highest median sIL‐2R concentration was found in dogs with malignant tumors, followed by those with benign tumors, and healthy dogs (119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml, respectively). In dogs with malignant tumors, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with high sIL‐2R levels than in the group with low sIL‐2R levels. Dogs with solid tumors, particularly those with malignant tumors, had higher concentrations of sIL‐2R than healthy dogs. Among dogs with malignant tumors, a correlation between sIL‐2R concentration and mortality rate was confirmed.ConclusionSerum sIL‐2R levels may be used to detect malignant tumors and serve as a prognostic factor in dogs with malignant tumors.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundPalatal dysfunction (PD), which encompasses palatal instability (PI) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate, is the most common performance‐limiting upper respiratory tract obstruction in young Thoroughbred racehorses. Soft palate thermocautery (SPT) performed under general anaesthesia is a routinely performed procedure for PD in some countries, but the procedure for and outcome of SPT performed under standing sedation has not been published.Objectives(1) To describe a technique for SPT performed under standing sedation; and (2) to assess post‐operative performance in horses compared to controls using the Racing Post rating (RPR), British Horseracing Authority official rating (OR), Performance Index and Earnings.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for all horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation following topical and local infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride into the rostral soft palate, and that were identified to have PI by overground endoscopy. Two matched controls were identified for each case. The median RPR, OR, Performance Index and Earnings for the three pre‐operative and three post‐operative races were compared.ResultsNo significant differences were identified between the SPT (n = 23) and Control groups (n = 46) for baseline characteristics or outcomes.Main limitationsRetrospective study design, small sample size.ConclusionsNo significant differences in racing performance were identified between horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation and controls.
背景腭部功能障碍（PD）包括腭部不稳定性（PI）和软腭间歇性背侧移位，是年轻纯血赛马最常见的限制马匹表现的上呼吸道阻塞。在一些国家，全身麻醉下进行的软腭热烙术（SPT）是治疗下呼吸道阻塞的常规手术，但在站立镇静状态下进行的软腭热烙术的手术过程和结果尚未公布。研究目的（1）描述在站立镇静状态下进行软腭热烙术的技术；（2）使用《赛马邮报》评分（RPR）、英国赛马管理局官方评分（OR）、表现指数和收益评估马匹与对照组的术后表现。研究设计回顾性病例系列。方法对所有在喙软腭局部和局部注射盐酸利多卡因后，在站立镇静状态下进行 SPT，并通过地面内窥镜检查确定患有 PI 的马匹的医疗记录进行回顾。每个病例都有两个匹配的对照组。结果 SPT 组（n = 23）和对照组（n = 46）在基线特征或结果方面没有发现明显差异。
{"title":"Technique description and outcome evaluation of Thoroughbred racehorses following soft palate thermocautery performed under standing sedation","authors":"Violette Cassiers, Turlough McNally","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70018","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPalatal dysfunction (PD), which encompasses palatal instability (PI) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate, is the most common performance‐limiting upper respiratory tract obstruction in young Thoroughbred racehorses. Soft palate thermocautery (SPT) performed under general anaesthesia is a routinely performed procedure for PD in some countries, but the procedure for and outcome of SPT performed under standing sedation has not been published.Objectives(1) To describe a technique for SPT performed under standing sedation; and (2) to assess post‐operative performance in horses compared to controls using the Racing Post rating (RPR), British Horseracing Authority official rating (OR), Performance Index and Earnings.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for all horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation following topical and local infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride into the rostral soft palate, and that were identified to have PI by overground endoscopy. Two matched controls were identified for each case. The median RPR, OR, Performance Index and Earnings for the three pre‐operative and three post‐operative races were compared.ResultsNo significant differences were identified between the SPT (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 23) and Control groups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 46) for baseline characteristics or outcomes.Main limitationsRetrospective study design, small sample size.ConclusionsNo significant differences in racing performance were identified between horses that had SPT performed under standing sedation and controls.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Aziz‐Aliabadi, Hadi Noruzi, Zeyad Kamal Imari
BackgroundWith the ban on the use of antibiotics in poultry nutrition, the opinion of nutritionists turned to their alternatives. Garlic and mushroom are the two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition.ObjectivesThis experiment was done to investigate the effect of garlic powder (GP) and mushroom powder (MP) on the growth performance, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and intestinal morphology of broilers.MethodsFive hundred and seventy‐six one‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to eight treatments with six replications based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4*2 with four levels of GP (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00, 1.00%).ResultsNo significant effects of GP and MP on the performance were observed. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the lightness and redness of breast meat decreased and increased, respectively (p < 0.05). The effect of increasing the amount of GP on the reduction of total cholesterol level was similar in the absence or presence of MP. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) increased. The use of MP in the diets significantly increased VH and VH: CD (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of GP and MP to the broilers’ diets did not have any negative effect on the performance. These pharmaceutic herbs improved intestinal morphology. In addition, increasing the level of GP amended the meat color and reduced the level of serum cholesterol.
背景随着抗生素在家禽营养中的使用被禁止，营养学家将目光转向了抗生素的替代品。本实验旨在研究大蒜粉（GP）和蘑菇粉（MP）对肉鸡生长性能、肉质、血脂和肠道形态的影响。方法将五百七十六只一天龄的雄性 Ross 308 肉用仔鸡按完全随机设计的 4*2 的因子排列分配到八个处理中，六个重复，四个水平的 GP（0.00、0.50、1.00、1.50%）和两个水平的 MP（0.00、1.00%）。随着日粮中 GP 含量的增加，胸肉的亮度和红度分别下降和上升（p < 0.05）。在不添加或添加 MP 的情况下，增加 GP 的用量对降低总胆固醇水平的影响相似。随着日粮中 GP 含量的增加，绒毛高度（VH）和 VH 与隐窝深度比（VH：CD）也随之增加。结论在肉鸡日粮中添加 GP 和 MP 对肉鸡的生产性能没有任何负面影响。这些中草药改善了肠道形态。此外，增加 GP 的添加量可改善肉色，降低血清胆固醇水平。
{"title":"Garlic (Allium sativum) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder: Investigation of performance, meat quality, serum profile lipid, and intestinal morphology in broilers","authors":"Fatemeh Aziz‐Aliabadi, Hadi Noruzi, Zeyad Kamal Imari","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70031","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundWith the ban on the use of antibiotics in poultry nutrition, the opinion of nutritionists turned to their alternatives. Garlic and mushroom are the two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition.ObjectivesThis experiment was done to investigate the effect of garlic powder (GP) and mushroom powder (MP) on the growth performance, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and intestinal morphology of broilers.MethodsFive hundred and seventy‐six one‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to eight treatments with six replications based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4*2 with four levels of GP (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00, 1.00%).ResultsNo significant effects of GP and MP on the performance were observed. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the lightness and redness of breast meat decreased and increased, respectively (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). The effect of increasing the amount of GP on the reduction of total cholesterol level was similar in the absence or presence of MP. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) increased. The use of MP in the diets significantly increased VH and VH: CD (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of GP and MP to the broilers’ diets did not have any negative effect on the performance. These pharmaceutic herbs improved intestinal morphology. In addition, increasing the level of GP amended the meat color and reduced the level of serum cholesterol.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundIndigenous village chickens (IVCs) significantly contribute to rural development. There is considerable variation in family flock size and age–sex structure of IVCs.ObjectivesThis study reports the family flock size, age–sex group structure, and demographic history of IVCs.MethodsThis work involved a cross‐sectional study conducted using face‐to‐face general informants’ individual interviews with 119 smallholder farmers in highland and lowland agroecological zones.ResultsThe average family flock size of the sampled households was small (mean = 7.28, range: 1–38). Female birds (hens and pullets) represented the largest proportion of the family flocks (50.2%). The proportion of chicks (26.4%) and pullets (14.4%) was lower than that of hens (35.8%), which creates a considerable challenge in producing replacement breeding flocks. Similarly, the proportion of cockerels (9.1%) was lower than that of cocks (14.3%). The average cock‐to‐hen ratio (one cock to seven hens) was better than the commonly recommended proportion (1 cock to 8–10 hens). As a result, smallholder farmers have not faced the problem of producing infertile eggs. The estimated effective population size (Ne) of 4.02 and the corresponding inbreeding coefficient of 0.12 at the family flock level show that to some extent inbreeding may occur at the family flock level; besides, the estimated Ne represents 55.2% of the census size. However, inbreeding could be offset by the high rate of flock turnover and uncontrolled mating among scavenging birds.ConclusionsFamily flocks contain a few birds, which may lead to consanguineous mating. Inbreeding is, however, considerably reduced by uncontrolled breeding among birds that share a common scavenging ground. The driving factors behind the low proportion of chicks and juvenile birds and the family flock size need to be further investigated to improve the contribution of local chickens to rural livelihoods.
{"title":"Family flock size and age–sex structure of indigenous village chickens","authors":"Takele Taye Desta, Oli Wakeyo","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70026","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIndigenous village chickens (IVCs) significantly contribute to rural development. There is considerable variation in family flock size and age–sex structure of IVCs.ObjectivesThis study reports the family flock size, age–sex group structure, and demographic history of IVCs.MethodsThis work involved a cross‐sectional study conducted using face‐to‐face general informants’ individual interviews with 119 smallholder farmers in highland and lowland agroecological zones.ResultsThe average family flock size of the sampled households was small (mean = 7.28, range: 1–38). Female birds (hens and pullets) represented the largest proportion of the family flocks (50.2%). The proportion of chicks (26.4%) and pullets (14.4%) was lower than that of hens (35.8%), which creates a considerable challenge in producing replacement breeding flocks. Similarly, the proportion of cockerels (9.1%) was lower than that of cocks (14.3%). The average cock‐to‐hen ratio (one cock to seven hens) was better than the commonly recommended proportion (1 cock to 8–10 hens). As a result, smallholder farmers have not faced the problem of producing infertile eggs. The estimated effective population size (Ne) of 4.02 and the corresponding inbreeding coefficient of 0.12 at the family flock level show that to some extent inbreeding may occur at the family flock level; besides, the estimated Ne represents 55.2% of the census size. However, inbreeding could be offset by the high rate of flock turnover and uncontrolled mating among scavenging birds.ConclusionsFamily flocks contain a few birds, which may lead to consanguineous mating. Inbreeding is, however, considerably reduced by uncontrolled breeding among birds that share a common scavenging ground. The driving factors behind the low proportion of chicks and juvenile birds and the family flock size need to be further investigated to improve the contribution of local chickens to rural livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stacy Amoah, Nancy Martekai Unicorn, Emmanuella Tiwaa Kyeremateng, Genevieve Desewu, Patrick Kwasi Obuam, Richard Odoi‐Teye Malm, Emmanuel Osei‐Frempong, Francisca Adai Torto, Stephen Kwabena Accorlor, Kwadwo Boampong, Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng, Seth Offei Addo, John Asiedu Larbi
BackgroundTicks are vectors of pathogens that affect the health of animals and humans. With the constant trade of livestock across borders, there is the risk of new tick species invasion accompanied by the spread of infectious tick‐borne pathogens.AimThis study sought to determine the diversity of tick species within abattoirs and a slaughter slab as well as identify the pathogens carried by these ticks.MethodsThe ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle, identified and screened for pathogens using PCR and sequencing.ResultsA total of 371 ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle across the three sampling sites: Kumasi abattoir (288, 77.63%), Akwatia Line slaughter slab (52, 14.02%) and Suame abattoir (31, 8.35%). The predominant species was Amblyomma variegatum (85.44%) with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (0.27%) as the least occurring species. Total nucleic acid from the tick pools was screened for pathogens based on the nucleoprotein gene region in the S segment of the Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genome, the 295‐bp fragment of the transposase gene of the Coxiella burnetii IS1111a element, the 560 bp segment of the ssrRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria, the 345 bp fragment of the Ehrlichia genus 16SrRNA gene and the rOmpA gene (OmpA) of Rickettsia. From the 52 tick pools screened, 40 (76.92%) were found positive for pathogen DNA. The pathogens identified were Rickettsia africae (69.23%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii (7.69%), C. burnetii (5.77%), uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (5.77%), Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii (3.85%) and CCHFV (3.85%). A significant association was observed among A. variegatum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and occurring tick‐borne pathogens R. africae, R. aeschlimannii and uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings show the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens, suggesting an increased risk of infections among the abattoir workers. There is a need to adopt control measures within the abattoirs to prevent pathogen spread.
背景蜱虫是影响动物和人类健康的病原体载体。本研究旨在确定屠宰场和屠宰板上蜱虫物种的多样性，并确定这些蜱虫携带的病原体。方法从屠宰的牛身上收集蜱虫，使用 PCR 和测序技术对其进行鉴定和病原体筛查：库马西屠宰场（288 只，77.63%）、阿克瓦蒂亚屠宰场（52 只，14.02%）和苏阿梅屠宰场（31 只，8.35%）。蜱虫的主要种类是Amblyomma variegatum（85.44%），而Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.)（0.27%）是出现最少的种类。根据克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）基因组 S 段的核蛋白基因区，对蜱池的总核酸进行了病原体筛选、根据克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）基因组 S 段的核蛋白基因区、烧伤柯西氏杆菌 IS1111a 基因的转座酶基因的 295 bp 片段、巴贝斯虫和泰勒虫的 ssrRNA 基因的 560 bp 片段、埃立克次体属 16SrRNA 基因的 345 bp 片段和立克次体的 rOmpA 基因（OmpA）筛选病原体。在筛查的 52 个蜱池中，有 40 个（76.92%）发现病原体 DNA 呈阳性。鉴定出的病原体有非洲立克次体（69.23%）、艾氏立克次体（7.69%）、烧伤蜱（5.77%）、未培养的埃里希氏菌（5.77%）、线粒体敌敌畏（3.85%）和CCHFV（3.85%）。在 A. variegatum、Hyalomma rufipes、Hyalomma truncatum 与蜱传病原体 R. africae、R. aeschlimannii 和未培养的 Ehrlichia sp.之间观察到明显的关联（p < 0.001）。有必要在屠宰场内采取控制措施，防止病原体传播。
{"title":"Ticks and tick‐borne pathogens in selected abattoirs and a slaughter slab in Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"Stacy Amoah, Nancy Martekai Unicorn, Emmanuella Tiwaa Kyeremateng, Genevieve Desewu, Patrick Kwasi Obuam, Richard Odoi‐Teye Malm, Emmanuel Osei‐Frempong, Francisca Adai Torto, Stephen Kwabena Accorlor, Kwadwo Boampong, Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng, Seth Offei Addo, John Asiedu Larbi","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70030","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTicks are vectors of pathogens that affect the health of animals and humans. With the constant trade of livestock across borders, there is the risk of new tick species invasion accompanied by the spread of infectious tick‐borne pathogens.AimThis study sought to determine the diversity of tick species within abattoirs and a slaughter slab as well as identify the pathogens carried by these ticks.MethodsThe ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle, identified and screened for pathogens using PCR and sequencing.ResultsA total of 371 ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle across the three sampling sites: Kumasi abattoir (288, 77.63%), Akwatia Line slaughter slab (52, 14.02%) and Suame abattoir (31, 8.35%). The predominant species was <jats:italic>Amblyomma variegatum</jats:italic> (85.44%) with <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</jats:italic> (s.l.) (0.27%) as the least occurring species. Total nucleic acid from the tick pools was screened for pathogens based on the nucleoprotein gene region in the S segment of the Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genome, the 295‐bp fragment of the transposase gene of the <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii</jats:italic> IS1111a element, the 560 bp segment of the ssrRNA gene of <jats:italic>Babesia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Theileria</jats:italic>, the 345 bp fragment of the <jats:italic>Ehrlichia</jats:italic> genus 16SrRNA gene and the rOmpA gene (OmpA) of <jats:italic>Rickettsia</jats:italic>. From the 52 tick pools screened, 40 (76.92%) were found positive for pathogen DNA. The pathogens identified were <jats:italic>Rickettsia africae</jats:italic> (69.23%), <jats:italic>Rickettsia aeschlimannii</jats:italic> (7.69%), <jats:italic>C. burnetii</jats:italic> (5.77%), uncultured <jats:italic>Ehrlichia</jats:italic> sp. (5.77%), <jats:italic>Candidatus</jats:italic> Midichloria mitochondrii (3.85%) and CCHFV (3.85%). A significant association was observed among <jats:italic>A. variegatum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hyalomma rufipes</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hyalomma truncatum</jats:italic> and occurring tick‐borne pathogens <jats:italic>R. africae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R. aeschlimannii</jats:italic> and uncultured <jats:italic>Ehrlichia</jats:italic> sp. (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings show the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens, suggesting an increased risk of infections among the abattoir workers. There is a need to adopt control measures within the abattoirs to prevent pathogen spread.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundEquine herpesvirus (EHV) can cause respiratory, reproductive and neurological diseases in equine animals, including donkeys. The main pathogens responsible for these diseases are EHV type 1 (EHV‐1) and EHV‐4. In this study, we collected serum samples from 230 donkeys on 27 large‐scale donkey farms to detect EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 antibodies. We analyzed the presence of EHV antibodies based on region, age and season.ResultsOut of the 27 farms, 62.96% (17/27) tested positive for EHV. Of the 230 donkeys tested, 2.61% (6/230) were positive only for EHV‐1, 5.22% (12/230) were positive only for EHV‐4, and 4.78% (11/230) were positive for both EHV‐1 and EHV‐4. The highest percentage of positive donkeys (21.28%) was found in Dong'e County. The seropositivity rate among donkeys aged 1–4 years was significantly higher compared to the group of donkeys aged 0–1 year (p < 0.05). Additionally, the positive rate was significantly higher in fall and winter compared to spring and summer (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAltogether, our findings indicate that large‐scale donkey farms in the Liaocheng area have a high prevalence of EHV antibodies. Since Liaocheng is an important donkey trading market in Shandong Province, it is crucial to consider the risk of disease transmission based on our test results. This will help in early detection and prevention of EHV outbreaks.
{"title":"Detection of equine herpesvirus antibodies in large‐scale donkey farms in Liaocheng area","authors":"Yanfei Ji, Xia Zhao, Wenqiang Liu","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70016","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundEquine herpesvirus (EHV) can cause respiratory, reproductive and neurological diseases in equine animals, including donkeys. The main pathogens responsible for these diseases are EHV type 1 (EHV‐1) and EHV‐4. In this study, we collected serum samples from 230 donkeys on 27 large‐scale donkey farms to detect EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 antibodies. We analyzed the presence of EHV antibodies based on region, age and season.ResultsOut of the 27 farms, 62.96% (17/27) tested positive for EHV. Of the 230 donkeys tested, 2.61% (6/230) were positive only for EHV‐1, 5.22% (12/230) were positive only for EHV‐4, and 4.78% (11/230) were positive for both EHV‐1 and EHV‐4. The highest percentage of positive donkeys (21.28%) was found in Dong'e County. The seropositivity rate among donkeys aged 1–4 years was significantly higher compared to the group of donkeys aged 0–1 year (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). Additionally, the positive rate was significantly higher in fall and winter compared to spring and summer (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05).ConclusionsAltogether, our findings indicate that large‐scale donkey farms in the Liaocheng area have a high prevalence of EHV antibodies. Since Liaocheng is an important donkey trading market in Shandong Province, it is crucial to consider the risk of disease transmission based on our test results. This will help in early detection and prevention of EHV outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaynab Nazari, Hassan Shirzadi, Kamran Taherpour, Enayat Rahmatnejad, Ali Khatibjoo
BackgroundPhytogenic additives would be helpful to alleviate the adverse effect of Campylobacter jejuni on the performance and physiological responses of broiler chickens.ObjectiveThis experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) and Thymbra spicata (TS) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota and immune responses of broilers challenged with C. jejuni from 0 to 42 days of age.MethodsA total of 240 male broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups and fed various diets: a control diet; the control diet supplemented with EP at 0.25% (EP25) or 0.50% (EP50); the control diet supplemented with TS at 0.25% (TS25) and 0.50% (TS50); or the control diet containing erythromycin at 55 ppm. Chicks were orally challenged with C. jejuni on Days 21 and 23 of age.ResultsEP and TS25 diets enhanced European production efficiency factor, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. TS25 increased duodenal villous height (VH) and surface area on Day 42 of age. EP25 diet increased ileal VH compared to control and erythromycin diets. Diets containing certain EP25 and TS increased the Bifidobacterium population and decreased C. jejuni population on Day 39 of age. EP50 and TS50 diets increased antibody titration against Newcastle disease virus.ConclusionsIn conclusion, EP and TS dietary supplementation improved performance, microflora, intestinal morphology and immune responses in C. jejuni‐challenged broilers.
{"title":"Effect of dietary medicinal plants on physiological responses of broiler chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni","authors":"Zaynab Nazari, Hassan Shirzadi, Kamran Taherpour, Enayat Rahmatnejad, Ali Khatibjoo","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70028","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPhytogenic additives would be helpful to alleviate the adverse effect of <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni</jats:italic> on the performance and physiological responses of broiler chickens.ObjectiveThis experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of <jats:italic>Echinacea purpurea</jats:italic> (EP) and <jats:italic>Thymbra spicata</jats:italic> (TS) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota and immune responses of broilers challenged with <jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic> from 0 to 42 days of age.MethodsA total of 240 male broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups and fed various diets: a control diet; the control diet supplemented with EP at 0.25% (EP25) or 0.50% (EP50); the control diet supplemented with TS at 0.25% (TS25) and 0.50% (TS50); or the control diet containing erythromycin at 55 ppm. Chicks were orally challenged with <jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic> on Days 21 and 23 of age.ResultsEP and TS25 diets enhanced European production efficiency factor, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. TS25 increased duodenal villous height (VH) and surface area on Day 42 of age. EP25 diet increased ileal VH compared to control and erythromycin diets. Diets containing certain EP25 and TS increased the <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium</jats:italic> population and decreased <jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic> population on Day 39 of age. EP50 and TS50 diets increased antibody titration against Newcastle disease virus.ConclusionsIn conclusion, EP and TS dietary supplementation improved performance, microflora, intestinal morphology and immune responses in <jats:italic>C. jejuni</jats:italic>‐challenged broilers.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parva Alirezaei Shahraki, Farshid Kheiri, Hamid Amanlou, Mostafa Faghani, Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali
BackgroundTrace elements, such as zinc, magnesium and copper, are essential for improving the performance and health of broiler breeders and the development of chicken embryos. These elements are integral to various proteins involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and the immune system, necessitating their inclusion in small amounts in poultry diets.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the optimal level and effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period.MethodsThe experiment involved 520 Lohmann LSL laying hens, aged 80 weeks, divided into 13 treatments with 5 replications and 8 birds per replication. The hens were fed diets supplemented with 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of zinc from various sources: mineral zinc oxide, mineral zinc sulphate, organic zinc chelated with glycine and organic zinc chelated with an organic acid. Key parameters measured included body weight, egg weight and immune response.ResultsThe basal diet contained 63.58 mg/kg of zinc, with the requirement per the Lohmann LSL guideline being 80 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation significantly increased body weight in the second month, with 80 mg/kg being the optimal dose. Zinc oxide notably increased egg weight compared to the control. The hens utilized zinc from all sources, resulting in weight gain and improved parameters such as egg quality. Immune parameters were also positively influenced by zinc supplementation.ConclusionsZinc supplementation at appropriate levels enhances the performance and egg quality of laying hens, particularly at the end of the production period. It improves bioavailability, enriches eggs and mitigates age‐related declines in productivity.
{"title":"Determining the optimal level and the effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period","authors":"Parva Alirezaei Shahraki, Farshid Kheiri, Hamid Amanlou, Mostafa Faghani, Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70035","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTrace elements, such as zinc, magnesium and copper, are essential for improving the performance and health of broiler breeders and the development of chicken embryos. These elements are integral to various proteins involved in metabolism, hormone secretion and the immune system, necessitating their inclusion in small amounts in poultry diets.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the optimal level and effect of different zinc sources on performance, egg quality and the immune system of laying hens at the end of the production period.MethodsThe experiment involved 520 Lohmann LSL laying hens, aged 80 weeks, divided into 13 treatments with 5 replications and 8 birds per replication. The hens were fed diets supplemented with 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of zinc from various sources: mineral zinc oxide, mineral zinc sulphate, organic zinc chelated with glycine and organic zinc chelated with an organic acid. Key parameters measured included body weight, egg weight and immune response.ResultsThe basal diet contained 63.58 mg/kg of zinc, with the requirement per the Lohmann LSL guideline being 80 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation significantly increased body weight in the second month, with 80 mg/kg being the optimal dose. Zinc oxide notably increased egg weight compared to the control. The hens utilized zinc from all sources, resulting in weight gain and improved parameters such as egg quality. Immune parameters were also positively influenced by zinc supplementation.ConclusionsZinc supplementation at appropriate levels enhances the performance and egg quality of laying hens, particularly at the end of the production period. It improves bioavailability, enriches eggs and mitigates age‐related declines in productivity.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"e70035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan E. Bernard, Hannah R. Coffin, Ryan P. Taylor, Callum G. Donnelly
This case report describes the findings of craniofacial anomalies associated with dystocia in a mixed‐breed bitch. A bitch in labour was presented for evaluation of dystocia, and an emergency caesarean section was performed. Two pups with craniofacial abnormalities were delivered by hysterotomy. One pup was stillborn, with congenital anomalies including palatoschisis (cleft palate), cheiloschisis (cleft lip), an open fontanelle, and a narrow teardrop‐shaped skull. The second pup was delivered alive and had cheiloschisis. Craniofacial malformations are a reported cause of dystocia in the dog, usually due to obstruction. However, dystocia in the reported case is presumed to have developed because the pup's craniofacial malformations prevented stimulation of uterine contractions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report to describe craniofacial abnormalities affecting 100% of the litter and is the first known report to describe the relationship between craniofacial abnormalities and presumptive primary uterine inertia.
{"title":"Craniofacial malformations in a stillborn mixed‐breed dog as a cause for dystocia","authors":"Megan E. Bernard, Hannah R. Coffin, Ryan P. Taylor, Callum G. Donnelly","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70010","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes the findings of craniofacial anomalies associated with dystocia in a mixed‐breed bitch. A bitch in labour was presented for evaluation of dystocia, and an emergency caesarean section was performed. Two pups with craniofacial abnormalities were delivered by hysterotomy. One pup was stillborn, with congenital anomalies including palatoschisis (cleft palate), cheiloschisis (cleft lip), an open fontanelle, and a narrow teardrop‐shaped skull. The second pup was delivered alive and had cheiloschisis. Craniofacial malformations are a reported cause of dystocia in the dog, usually due to obstruction. However, dystocia in the reported case is presumed to have developed because the pup's craniofacial malformations prevented stimulation of uterine contractions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report to describe craniofacial abnormalities affecting 100% of the litter and is the first known report to describe the relationship between craniofacial abnormalities and presumptive primary uterine inertia.","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"e70010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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