The fast-paced everyday life and the modern perception of beauty impose increasingly faster, effective and affordable methods for maintaining a good appearance. Laser systems providing great therapeutic possibilities meet the expectations and needs of doctors and patients. When used wisely and being familiar with their contraindications in details, side effects after laser therapy are relatively rare. However, some of them can be serious and significantly impair the quality of life. Although these methods are often called „laser procedures”, the devices used are not always real lasers - for example IPL, LED, Titan, infrared energy-based technologies and radio frequency procedures, such as Thermage. Among the widely used laser systems are Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Alexandrite, CO2 and diode lasers. We distinguish mainly two types of systems used for cosmetic purposes: ablative and non-ablative. Each laser system has its own profile of complications specific to the treated skin lesion. Possible complications should be fully discussed with the patient as part of the informed consent procedure.
{"title":"Adverse reactions after laser, IPL and LED procedures","authors":"Zhenya Stoyanova, I. Bakardzhiev","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7888","url":null,"abstract":"The fast-paced everyday life and the modern perception of beauty impose increasingly faster, effective and affordable methods for maintaining a good appearance. Laser systems providing great therapeutic possibilities meet the expectations and needs of doctors and patients. When used wisely and being familiar with their contraindications in details, side effects after laser therapy are relatively rare. However, some of them can be serious and significantly impair the quality of life. Although these methods are often called „laser procedures”, the devices used are not always real lasers - for example IPL, LED, Titan, infrared energy-based technologies and radio frequency procedures, such as Thermage. Among the widely used laser systems are Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Alexandrite, CO2 and diode lasers. We distinguish mainly two types of systems used for cosmetic purposes: ablative and non-ablative. Each laser system has its own profile of complications specific to the treated skin lesion. Possible complications should be fully discussed with the patient as part of the informed consent procedure.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85444768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viral hepatitis is identified as a major global public health problem affecting several hundred million people. The severity of the hepatitis infection is not evenly distributed worldwide. Every year, 1.4 million people die from viral cirrhosis and hepatitis-related liver cancer. However, the majority of the infected population is unaware of their status. Therefore, prevention remains the best strategy to reduce viral hepatitis. Aim To study the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Varna for the period 2014-2019. Materials Quick notifications, registration documents, reports, analyzes of laboratory tests of the Regional Center for Transfusion Hematology (RCTH) Varna and Virology Laboratory of RHI Varna, NCIPD Sofia, health education materials. Methods Documentary, statistical, laboratory, partial epidemiological analysis, graphic presentation of results. Results Viral hepatitis by settlement have a high relative share of 86.12% in cities as opposed to 11.55% in villages. A total of 1557 people were contacted, and 99.2% of them were examined according to the normative requirements. Mainly adult men with small fluctuations in age are ill. Morbidity in men between 30-34 years of age is (37.97%ооо) in 2014, for 2015 the leading age is 45-49 years with morbidity (33.47%ооо) in 2017, > 65-year-olds with morbidity (13.20% ооо) in 2016 and 2019. Conclusions The comparative shares of ill people when divided into groups are: for students - (5.11%), for Kindergarteners - (1.37%), for workers in a food establishment - (0.37%). Age-related morbidity shows that there are no diseases up to 1 year, while there are single cases for the age group of 1-4 year-olds. A prophylactic study in RHI and RCTH in blood donation revealed a total of 857 positive samples for HBsAg and HCV.
{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in the Varna region for 2014-2019. Part two","authors":"Militca Dimitrova, M. Kolarova, D. Monov","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7897","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hepatitis is identified as a major global public health problem affecting several hundred million people. The severity of the hepatitis infection is not evenly distributed worldwide. Every year, 1.4 million people die from viral cirrhosis and hepatitis-related liver cancer. However, the majority of the infected population is unaware of their status. Therefore, prevention remains the best strategy to reduce viral hepatitis. Aim To study the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Varna for the period 2014-2019. Materials Quick notifications, registration documents, reports, analyzes of laboratory tests of the Regional Center for Transfusion Hematology (RCTH) Varna and Virology Laboratory of RHI Varna, NCIPD Sofia, health education materials. Methods Documentary, statistical, laboratory, partial epidemiological analysis, graphic presentation of results. Results Viral hepatitis by settlement have a high relative share of 86.12% in cities as opposed to 11.55% in villages. A total of 1557 people were contacted, and 99.2% of them were examined according to the normative requirements. Mainly adult men with small fluctuations in age are ill. Morbidity in men between 30-34 years of age is (37.97%ооо) in 2014, for 2015 the leading age is 45-49 years with morbidity (33.47%ооо) in 2017, > 65-year-olds with morbidity (13.20% ооо) in 2016 and 2019. Conclusions The comparative shares of ill people when divided into groups are: for students - (5.11%), for Kindergarteners - (1.37%), for workers in a food establishment - (0.37%). Age-related morbidity shows that there are no diseases up to 1 year, while there are single cases for the age group of 1-4 year-olds. A prophylactic study in RHI and RCTH in blood donation revealed a total of 857 positive samples for HBsAg and HCV.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90426974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A historical review of the birth and development of chiropractic reveals its ancient roots. Chiropractors, in accordance with their knowledge and competence as neuromuscular specialists, focus primarily on muscle and joint pain. Over the years, evidence has been accumulating to support the effectiveness of chiropractic techniques in the pathology of the spine. The techniques are most commonly used in conditions linked to impaired „joint play“ of the vertebrae and pain in the spine, accompanied by dizziness and headache. The aim of the article is to explore chiropractic as a system of manual techniques. Material and Methods Documentary content analysis of bibliographic descriptions and relevant articles about historical development, concepts and theories, essence, distribution and application of chiropractic. Results Chiropractic is established as training and practice in many countries around the world. There is still no licensed training and practice of chiropractic in Bulgaria. In Bulgarian conditions, the closest term corresponding to the concept of chiropractic is manual therapy performed by a doctor. Conclusion A review of the literature reveals the possibilities of chiropractic techniques in musculoskeletal dysfunction of the spine in order to overcome musculoskeletal blockage and change in quality of life. Chiropractic is an established profession in many countries around the world - USA, Canada, Russia and Germany, but in Bulgaria there is no legislative framework for regulating the profession of chiropractor, as well as training in higher medical institutions. In Bulgarian conditions the chiropractic manipulative techniques are performed by doctors in the specialties Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Neurology.
{"title":"Chiropractic as a system of manual techniques","authors":"Yani Shivachev, A. Dimitrov","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7890","url":null,"abstract":"A historical review of the birth and development of chiropractic reveals its ancient roots. Chiropractors, in accordance with their knowledge and competence as neuromuscular specialists, focus primarily on muscle and joint pain. Over the years, evidence has been accumulating to support the effectiveness of chiropractic techniques in the pathology of the spine. The techniques are most commonly used in conditions linked to impaired „joint play“ of the vertebrae and pain in the spine, accompanied by dizziness and headache. The aim of the article is to explore chiropractic as a system of manual techniques. Material and Methods Documentary content analysis of bibliographic descriptions and relevant articles about historical development, concepts and theories, essence, distribution and application of chiropractic. Results Chiropractic is established as training and practice in many countries around the world. There is still no licensed training and practice of chiropractic in Bulgaria. In Bulgarian conditions, the closest term corresponding to the concept of chiropractic is manual therapy performed by a doctor. Conclusion A review of the literature reveals the possibilities of chiropractic techniques in musculoskeletal dysfunction of the spine in order to overcome musculoskeletal blockage and change in quality of life. Chiropractic is an established profession in many countries around the world - USA, Canada, Russia and Germany, but in Bulgaria there is no legislative framework for regulating the profession of chiropractor, as well as training in higher medical institutions. In Bulgarian conditions the chiropractic manipulative techniques are performed by doctors in the specialties Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Neurology.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"36 38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83374969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis is a polyetiological disease. Viral hepatitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, including in our country. Hepatitis is highly contagious (with hepatitis B being 100 times more contagious than HIV). Hepatitis B and C together are one of the biggest global health threats, killing approximately 1 million people a year. In Bulgaria in 1951. mandatory registration begins of hepatitis called „epidemic hepatitis“. Separate registration by three types of hepatitis began in 1981: VHA, VHV, VH Indefinite. Aim To make a comparative characteristic of the registered incidence of viral hepatitis in Varna and Bulgaria for the period 2014-2019. Materials Quick notifications, registration documents, reports, analyzes of laboratory tests of RCTH Varna and Virology Laboratory of RHI Varna, NCIPD Sofia, health education materials. Methods Documentary, statistical, laboratory, partial epidemiological analysis, graphic presentation of the results. Results There is a great variety of types of hepatitis in different years. The morbidity is small. VHA is leading with significantly lower incidence, followed by VHV, VHN and VHC. No registered VHD for the entire period. Conclusions 1. The incidence of VHA in Varna district is two to four times lower than in the country for 2014-2019. 2. The incidence of VHN is higher than that for the country, as autoimmune, toxic, metabolic, and other non-infectious hepatitis are included here. 3. Good organization has been established for registration, examination, hospitalization and study of epidemic outbreaks in the district of Varna, pursuant to Ordinance 43/1995 of the Ministry of Health.
{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Varna region for 2014-2019. First part. Incidence of viral hepatitis in Varna and Bulgaria for 2014-2019 - a comparative analysis","authors":"Hristina Monova, D. Monov, M. Kolarova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7896","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis is a polyetiological disease. Viral hepatitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, including in our country. Hepatitis is highly contagious (with hepatitis B being 100 times more contagious than HIV). Hepatitis B and C together are one of the biggest global health threats, killing approximately 1 million people a year. In Bulgaria in 1951. mandatory registration begins of hepatitis called „epidemic hepatitis“. Separate registration by three types of hepatitis began in 1981: VHA, VHV, VH Indefinite. Aim To make a comparative characteristic of the registered incidence of viral hepatitis in Varna and Bulgaria for the period 2014-2019. Materials Quick notifications, registration documents, reports, analyzes of laboratory tests of RCTH Varna and Virology Laboratory of RHI Varna, NCIPD Sofia, health education materials. Methods Documentary, statistical, laboratory, partial epidemiological analysis, graphic presentation of the results. Results There is a great variety of types of hepatitis in different years. The morbidity is small. VHA is leading with significantly lower incidence, followed by VHV, VHN and VHC. No registered VHD for the entire period. Conclusions 1. The incidence of VHA in Varna district is two to four times lower than in the country for 2014-2019. 2. The incidence of VHN is higher than that for the country, as autoimmune, toxic, metabolic, and other non-infectious hepatitis are included here. 3. Good organization has been established for registration, examination, hospitalization and study of epidemic outbreaks in the district of Varna, pursuant to Ordinance 43/1995 of the Ministry of Health.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77098352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During childbirth in case of incorrect birth management, pelvio-fetal disproportion, breech or leg presentation, etc. it is possible to damage the Plexus brachialis. Peripheral nerve damage most often occurs during manual fetal retrieval. The trauma leads to compression, stretching or rupture of the brachial /shoulder/ plexus with the resulting consequences: flaccid paresis or paralysis of the muscles of the upper limb of the child with involvement of the peripheral nerves. For several days after birth, the whole arm is paralyzed and difficult to move. Recovery depends on the severity of the damage. With proper and timely treatment, the chance of a full recovery is huge. Our study aims to establish the importance of massage as part of a comprehensive outpatient treatment of children with obstetric paralysis. We used a documentary method, analyzing literature sources examining the subject of the present study and monitoring in a rehabilitation center, where complex treatment was applied. Timely diagnosis and immediate care and rehabilitation, including massage and/ or passive and active kinesitherapy, lead to the appearance of active movements. In order to build the most correct behavior towards the sick child, the parents need to be acquainted with the nature of the disease, the home regime, the nutrition, etc. Conservative therapy and rehabilitation up to the 3rd year are effective, in more severe cases at this age a surgical intervention is most appropriate (2). From the present study we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Massage plays a leading role, especially at an early age. 2. Kinesitherapy is the most important and is the basis of treatment. 3. The parents contribute greatly to the healing process.
{"title":"Methods for complex treatment of children with obstetric paralysis","authors":"R. Tork","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7891","url":null,"abstract":"During childbirth in case of incorrect birth management, pelvio-fetal disproportion, breech or leg presentation, etc. it is possible to damage the Plexus brachialis. Peripheral nerve damage most often occurs during manual fetal retrieval. The trauma leads to compression, stretching or rupture of the brachial /shoulder/ plexus with the resulting consequences: flaccid paresis or paralysis of the muscles of the upper limb of the child with involvement of the peripheral nerves. For several days after birth, the whole arm is paralyzed and difficult to move. Recovery depends on the severity of the damage. With proper and timely treatment, the chance of a full recovery is huge. Our study aims to establish the importance of massage as part of a comprehensive outpatient treatment of children with obstetric paralysis. We used a documentary method, analyzing literature sources examining the subject of the present study and monitoring in a rehabilitation center, where complex treatment was applied. Timely diagnosis and immediate care and rehabilitation, including massage and/ or passive and active kinesitherapy, lead to the appearance of active movements. In order to build the most correct behavior towards the sick child, the parents need to be acquainted with the nature of the disease, the home regime, the nutrition, etc. Conservative therapy and rehabilitation up to the 3rd year are effective, in more severe cases at this age a surgical intervention is most appropriate (2). From the present study we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Massage plays a leading role, especially at an early age. 2. Kinesitherapy is the most important and is the basis of treatment. 3. The parents contribute greatly to the healing process.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"03 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86063491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimo Krаstev, A. Alexieva, Zlatka Traikova-Todorova
Aim of the research There is more and more research on one rather underestimated object, which is a part of the hip joint - namely Ligamentum capitis femoris. Many doctors still believe that it plays a minor role in joint trophism, but a number of studies disprove this. The present study aims to demonstrate the lesions that occur in the hip joint when the Ligamentum capitis femoris (also known in literature as Ligamentum teres) is found damaged, with a focus on the blood vessels going alongside the ligament and supplying the head of the hip joint. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the pathological changes that occur in the hip joint due to obstruction of the arterial vessel entering the joint together with the ligament. This vascular change can be a result of many factors - traumatic, septic and aseptic. Materials and Methods To achieve our goals we set the following main tasks: to examine the structure of Ligamentum capitis femoris with an optical microscope after staining the samples with Hematoxylin Eosin and AZAN and to make a comparative complex analysis of the morphological characteristics of Ligamentum capitis femoris in humans. Results The examination of ligaments from cadavers - which have pathological changes in the hip joint - clearly shows the damage of the Ligamentum capitis femoris. Conclusions From the histological examination we conducted, we found that Ligamentum capitis femoris has a biological, mechanical and trophic role in the hip joint and its preservation is important in preventing future complications.
{"title":"Lesions of Ligamentum capitis femoris as a cause of the necrotic changes in Articulatio coxae","authors":"Dimo Krаstev, A. Alexieva, Zlatka Traikova-Todorova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7885","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the research There is more and more research on one rather underestimated object, which is a part of the hip joint - namely Ligamentum capitis femoris. Many doctors still believe that it plays a minor role in joint trophism, but a number of studies disprove this. The present study aims to demonstrate the lesions that occur in the hip joint when the Ligamentum capitis femoris (also known in literature as Ligamentum teres) is found damaged, with a focus on the blood vessels going alongside the ligament and supplying the head of the hip joint. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the pathological changes that occur in the hip joint due to obstruction of the arterial vessel entering the joint together with the ligament. This vascular change can be a result of many factors - traumatic, septic and aseptic. Materials and Methods To achieve our goals we set the following main tasks: to examine the structure of Ligamentum capitis femoris with an optical microscope after staining the samples with Hematoxylin Eosin and AZAN and to make a comparative complex analysis of the morphological characteristics of Ligamentum capitis femoris in humans. Results The examination of ligaments from cadavers - which have pathological changes in the hip joint - clearly shows the damage of the Ligamentum capitis femoris. Conclusions From the histological examination we conducted, we found that Ligamentum capitis femoris has a biological, mechanical and trophic role in the hip joint and its preservation is important in preventing future complications.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82939250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dimitrova-Stefanova, E. Keuleyan, E. Ivanova, Helia Toskova, Kamelia Donkova
Introduction In the last years, the growing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has been registered all over the world, incl. in our country. This increases the cost of treatment, burdens health care facilities and staff, and - on an individual level - worsens the quality of life of patients, especially the risk of death. The aim of this study is to discuss up-to-date data on the problematic and increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and their containment. Materials and Methods Information from the last five years is selected from scientific databases: CDC, ECDC, Elsevier, PubMed, Sciencedirect, BulSTAR, Medical Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs. Results and Discussion According to experts, emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii should be contained using complex measures: screening of risky patients, increased measures in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. The COVID-19 pandemic over the past year has contributed to increase in resistance due to the heightened and in many cases irrational use of often broad-spectrum antibiotics. The need for laboratory testing of susceptibility/ resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hospital isolates to antimicrobials is frequently overlooked. Conclusions Strict control of infections is needed to limit the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, including through monitoring, and an early and accurate laboratory diagnosis. It is necessary to raise the level of awareness regarding antibiotic policy, both among medical professionals and among people in society as a whole, through information events and materials.
{"title":"Acinetobacter baumannii – a problematic microorganism with increasing antibiotic resistance","authors":"D. Dimitrova-Stefanova, E. Keuleyan, E. Ivanova, Helia Toskova, Kamelia Donkova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7868","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In the last years, the growing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has been registered all over the world, incl. in our country. This increases the cost of treatment, burdens health care facilities and staff, and - on an individual level - worsens the quality of life of patients, especially the risk of death. The aim of this study is to discuss up-to-date data on the problematic and increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and their containment. Materials and Methods Information from the last five years is selected from scientific databases: CDC, ECDC, Elsevier, PubMed, Sciencedirect, BulSTAR, Medical Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs. Results and Discussion According to experts, emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii should be contained using complex measures: screening of risky patients, increased measures in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. The COVID-19 pandemic over the past year has contributed to increase in resistance due to the heightened and in many cases irrational use of often broad-spectrum antibiotics. The need for laboratory testing of susceptibility/ resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hospital isolates to antimicrobials is frequently overlooked. Conclusions Strict control of infections is needed to limit the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, including through monitoring, and an early and accurate laboratory diagnosis. It is necessary to raise the level of awareness regarding antibiotic policy, both among medical professionals and among people in society as a whole, through information events and materials.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84716069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The upright position of a person frees the upper limb to perform precise activities. As a result, the arm can be placed at any point in an almost complete circle with a diameter determined by the length of the upper limb. This predetermines the development of mobility in the shoulder kinematic complex. However, the large volume of movement causes a compromise with stability, which is a prerequisite for the complex’s fragility. The shoulder joint can be luxated much more often than other joints due to the shallow joint fossa, and low congruence and bone stabilization. The main passive stabilizing structures are the fibrous joint capsule and ligaments, and the main dynamic stabilizer is the rotator cuff of the joint, which surrounds it on all sides. Therefore, the emphasis in kinesiotherapy is on restoring its function (4). The dislocation of the upper limb also has a significant social aspect, associated with job loss, financial difficulties, changes in the lifestyle of the individual and their family, etc. Unfortunately, there are no exact data on the loss of labor, cash benefits and loss in production, both in the world and in Bulgaria. Treatment of traumatic dislocation can be conservative, through adjustment and immobilization. If it fails and the subluxations become chronic, the patient is examined by magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy for surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of shoulder instability has been a problem that has attracted the attention of doctors since ancient times. Hippocrates was the first to pay serious attention to recurrent luxation and offer a technique for its treatment. In such patients, he caused burns with white-hot metal rods in several places around the joint in order to obtain coalescence that stabilized it. Restoration of anterior glenohumeral stabilization by the arthroscopic method is one of the most modern methods of treatment (1).
{"title":"Development and kinesitherapeutic treatment of glenhumeral instability","authors":"Yuliyana Pashkunova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7879","url":null,"abstract":"The upright position of a person frees the upper limb to perform precise activities. As a result, the arm can be placed at any point in an almost complete circle with a diameter determined by the length of the upper limb. This predetermines the development of mobility in the shoulder kinematic complex. However, the large volume of movement causes a compromise with stability, which is a prerequisite for the complex’s fragility. The shoulder joint can be luxated much more often than other joints due to the shallow joint fossa, and low congruence and bone stabilization. The main passive stabilizing structures are the fibrous joint capsule and ligaments, and the main dynamic stabilizer is the rotator cuff of the joint, which surrounds it on all sides. Therefore, the emphasis in kinesiotherapy is on restoring its function (4). The dislocation of the upper limb also has a significant social aspect, associated with job loss, financial difficulties, changes in the lifestyle of the individual and their family, etc. Unfortunately, there are no exact data on the loss of labor, cash benefits and loss in production, both in the world and in Bulgaria. Treatment of traumatic dislocation can be conservative, through adjustment and immobilization. If it fails and the subluxations become chronic, the patient is examined by magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy for surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of shoulder instability has been a problem that has attracted the attention of doctors since ancient times. Hippocrates was the first to pay serious attention to recurrent luxation and offer a technique for its treatment. In such patients, he caused burns with white-hot metal rods in several places around the joint in order to obtain coalescence that stabilized it. Restoration of anterior glenohumeral stabilization by the arthroscopic method is one of the most modern methods of treatment (1).","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88652771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luxation is one of the most common congenital hip dislocations in newborns. The aim of the review is to acquaint the audience with the imaging methods for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired dislocations of the hip joints in children. A documentary method is used. Literary and Internet sources describing the disease, its origin and imaging methods used for diagnosis and timely treatment have been studied. The diagnosis is made not only by symptoms or examination, but also by using imaging methods such as: ultrasound, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging /MRI/, and in some cases computed tomography /CT/. Ultrasound diagnosis is the preferred method because it is a cheap and non-ionizing method. Radiography gives us enough information to diagnose diseases of the hip joint in children, but is preferable in children above the age of 9-10 months. It is desirable, if possible, to replace the radiation diagnostics with another, non-ionizing method. Each imaging method provides sufficient and important information necessary for the accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of congenital and acquired dislocations of the hip joints.
{"title":"Image methods for diagnosis of congenital and acquired disorders of the hip joint in children","authors":"Nevenka Boninska, Milena Miladinova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7869","url":null,"abstract":"Luxation is one of the most common congenital hip dislocations in newborns. The aim of the review is to acquaint the audience with the imaging methods for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired dislocations of the hip joints in children. A documentary method is used. Literary and Internet sources describing the disease, its origin and imaging methods used for diagnosis and timely treatment have been studied. The diagnosis is made not only by symptoms or examination, but also by using imaging methods such as: ultrasound, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging /MRI/, and in some cases computed tomography /CT/. Ultrasound diagnosis is the preferred method because it is a cheap and non-ionizing method. Radiography gives us enough information to diagnose diseases of the hip joint in children, but is preferable in children above the age of 9-10 months. It is desirable, if possible, to replace the radiation diagnostics with another, non-ionizing method. Each imaging method provides sufficient and important information necessary for the accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of congenital and acquired dislocations of the hip joints.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81395297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chausheva, Т. Stoeva, M. Dyankova, B. Chausev, Z. Dancheva, T. Jordanova, A. Klisarova, G. Valchev
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a rare diagnosis, often without symptoms or mimicking other different symptoms. Тhey are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells, most commonly of the gastrointestinal tract, but may originate also from other organs including the pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands (3). Due to the difficult diagnosis, NET‘s are detected at a late stage in their development, often already locally advanced or metastasized. PET/CT with 68 Gallium DOTATATE proved to be an effective imaging method not only for the primary diagnosis of NET and subsequent therapeutic behavior, but also for evaluating the effect of the treatment. (1) We present a case of a positive PET/CT scan, performed with Ga-68 DOTATATE in the topical location of the tail of the pancreas after therapy with Sandostain lar.
{"title":"Monitoring the effect of therapy on a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas with PET/CT, 68Ga-DOTATATE - case report","authors":"S. Chausheva, Т. Stoeva, M. Dyankova, B. Chausev, Z. Dancheva, T. Jordanova, A. Klisarova, G. Valchev","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7870","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a rare diagnosis, often without symptoms or mimicking other different symptoms. Тhey are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells, most commonly of the gastrointestinal tract, but may originate also from other organs including the pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands (3). Due to the difficult diagnosis, NET‘s are detected at a late stage in their development, often already locally advanced or metastasized. PET/CT with 68 Gallium DOTATATE proved to be an effective imaging method not only for the primary diagnosis of NET and subsequent therapeutic behavior, but also for evaluating the effect of the treatment. (1) We present a case of a positive PET/CT scan, performed with Ga-68 DOTATATE in the topical location of the tail of the pancreas after therapy with Sandostain lar.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77142784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}