Biocompatibility takes into account the ability of a material to elicit a specific biological response after administration to a living organism. The concept does not define only one quality of the material, but reflects a complex of interactions with the biological environment in which it is placed. Over time, the definition of biocompatibility has gradually changed. Dental cements are the main clinical obturating materials. First created by Wilson and Kent in 1969, glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cements have become widely used in medicine and dentistry. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Scientific databases - PubMed and SCOPUS were used to find appropriate studies in English on the topic of this article, with the following keywords - biocompatibility, glass ionomer cements, dentistry. A time period of 2000-2021 was set to screen articles and track the progress of the biocompatibility of dental cements in the new millennium. In addition to the cited scientific databases and articles such as clinical trials, review articles, meta-analyzes, writing of the report included information from Bulgarian and foreign textbooks in English on the subject. After applying the screening criteria, 61 results were displayed in SCOPUS and 215 in PubMed. From them, selected articles that describe experimental productions with testing the properties of cements, incl. to living cells, were reviewed. Science has found that by modifying the composition of the powder and the liquid of the cement, properties and biocompatibility can be affected. Modifications with the addition of nanoparticles hydroxylapatite and silica, carbon nanocompounds, zinc ions, cellulose microfiber and nanocrystals, amorphous calcium phosphate, chlorhexidine, collagen type 1 and peptides have been reported. Cement liquid has also been improved, which changes its properties. In the given time period between 2000-2021 there is a rapid rise of development and improvement of the properties of already synthesized cements. Efforts are being made to study the biocompatibility of materials and their properties to help tissue regeneration. There is also a wider use of materials and their implementation into various fields of medicine and dentistry.
{"title":"Biocompatibility of glass-ionomer cements in dentistry","authors":"M. Stoykov, M. Milkov","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7909","url":null,"abstract":"Biocompatibility takes into account the ability of a material to elicit a specific biological response after administration to a living organism. The concept does not define only one quality of the material, but reflects a complex of interactions with the biological environment in which it is placed. Over time, the definition of biocompatibility has gradually changed. Dental cements are the main clinical obturating materials. First created by Wilson and Kent in 1969, glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cements have become widely used in medicine and dentistry. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Scientific databases - PubMed and SCOPUS were used to find appropriate studies in English on the topic of this article, with the following keywords - biocompatibility, glass ionomer cements, dentistry. A time period of 2000-2021 was set to screen articles and track the progress of the biocompatibility of dental cements in the new millennium. In addition to the cited scientific databases and articles such as clinical trials, review articles, meta-analyzes, writing of the report included information from Bulgarian and foreign textbooks in English on the subject. After applying the screening criteria, 61 results were displayed in SCOPUS and 215 in PubMed. From them, selected articles that describe experimental productions with testing the properties of cements, incl. to living cells, were reviewed. Science has found that by modifying the composition of the powder and the liquid of the cement, properties and biocompatibility can be affected. Modifications with the addition of nanoparticles hydroxylapatite and silica, carbon nanocompounds, zinc ions, cellulose microfiber and nanocrystals, amorphous calcium phosphate, chlorhexidine, collagen type 1 and peptides have been reported. Cement liquid has also been improved, which changes its properties. In the given time period between 2000-2021 there is a rapid rise of development and improvement of the properties of already synthesized cements. Efforts are being made to study the biocompatibility of materials and their properties to help tissue regeneration. There is also a wider use of materials and their implementation into various fields of medicine and dentistry.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75992811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Knowledge in the field of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can be used both to reveal the mechanisms of occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and to predict the response to a particular treatment. Aim The aim of this article is to assess the serum expression of miR-1228 in IBD patients. Materials and Methods A total of 35 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 35 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and a control group of 30 healthy individuals were studied. Serum expression of miR-1228 was tested in all through reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results The expression in CD patients (1.91 ±2.21) was significantly higher compared to the expression in UC patients (1.15±0.64) and healthy controls (1.14±0.59). In CD patients, increased expression of miR-1228 was observed in cases with active disease, intestinal localization (L1–2.28) and penetrating phenotype (B3–3.92). In UC patients, no difference in miR-1228 expression was observed with regards to the localization and the course of the disease. Serum expression of miR-1228 correlates positively with CRP in UC patients. Conclusion In the present study, increased expression of miR-1228 was observed in cases with active disease (UC, CD), intestinal localization (CD), and penetrating phenotype (CD), while decreased expression correlated to immunosuppressive (CD) and biological (UC) therapy.
{"title":"Expression of microribonucleic acid 1228 in inflammatory bowel disease patients","authors":"A. Atanassova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7904","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Knowledge in the field of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can be used both to reveal the mechanisms of occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and to predict the response to a particular treatment. Aim The aim of this article is to assess the serum expression of miR-1228 in IBD patients. Materials and Methods A total of 35 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 35 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and a control group of 30 healthy individuals were studied. Serum expression of miR-1228 was tested in all through reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results The expression in CD patients (1.91 ±2.21) was significantly higher compared to the expression in UC patients (1.15±0.64) and healthy controls (1.14±0.59). In CD patients, increased expression of miR-1228 was observed in cases with active disease, intestinal localization (L1–2.28) and penetrating phenotype (B3–3.92). In UC patients, no difference in miR-1228 expression was observed with regards to the localization and the course of the disease. Serum expression of miR-1228 correlates positively with CRP in UC patients. Conclusion In the present study, increased expression of miR-1228 was observed in cases with active disease (UC, CD), intestinal localization (CD), and penetrating phenotype (CD), while decreased expression correlated to immunosuppressive (CD) and biological (UC) therapy.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74948774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Grupchev, Tzvetelina Mihova, Antoaneta Zdravkova Tzvetkova, C. Grupcheva
Aim The aim of the present study is to determine the realization of different eye care practitioners as part of the 3 O perspective in eye health care and to analyze the methodologies for their development. Methods Retrospective documentary analysis of the trends for the specialty of medical opticians. Comparative analysis of the profession with other elements of the 3 O perspective, including optometrists and ophthalmologists. Results The number of medical opticians graduated from the Medical University of Varna since 2016 is 69, the largest in 2016 – 16, and the lowest in 2018 – 10. On average 20% of medical opticians are realized in practice without further qualification, while all others continue with a master‘s degree in optometry. Medical opticians most often work in an optical store, with 60% developing their own business. The number of opticians realized in medical establishments is small. The number of masters in optometry, realized in medical institutions is significantly higher and reaches 30%. Ophthalmologists are realized in medical institutions at 100% up to 3 years after graduation. Over 80% of ophthalmologists work in optical centers during their training. Conclusions As a result of an in-depth analysis of the market and the demand for qualified eye care practitioners, Medical University of Varna closes the cycle of the 3 O perspective with the following specialties: ophthalmologists, optometrists and opticians. The three categories of eye health professionals work in symbiosis to develop a comprehensive concept for prevention, prophylaxis, optical correction and treatment. Optical centers and medical institutions providing specialized care for eye diseases exchange staff, which is beneficial for the overall concept of the eye care.
{"title":"Eye care – 3 O perspective: obstacles and opportunities","authors":"D. Grupchev, Tzvetelina Mihova, Antoaneta Zdravkova Tzvetkova, C. Grupcheva","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7905","url":null,"abstract":"Aim The aim of the present study is to determine the realization of different eye care practitioners as part of the 3 O perspective in eye health care and to analyze the methodologies for their development. Methods Retrospective documentary analysis of the trends for the specialty of medical opticians. Comparative analysis of the profession with other elements of the 3 O perspective, including optometrists and ophthalmologists. Results The number of medical opticians graduated from the Medical University of Varna since 2016 is 69, the largest in 2016 – 16, and the lowest in 2018 – 10. On average 20% of medical opticians are realized in practice without further qualification, while all others continue with a master‘s degree in optometry. Medical opticians most often work in an optical store, with 60% developing their own business. The number of opticians realized in medical establishments is small. The number of masters in optometry, realized in medical institutions is significantly higher and reaches 30%. Ophthalmologists are realized in medical institutions at 100% up to 3 years after graduation. Over 80% of ophthalmologists work in optical centers during their training. Conclusions As a result of an in-depth analysis of the market and the demand for qualified eye care practitioners, Medical University of Varna closes the cycle of the 3 O perspective with the following specialties: ophthalmologists, optometrists and opticians. The three categories of eye health professionals work in symbiosis to develop a comprehensive concept for prevention, prophylaxis, optical correction and treatment. Optical centers and medical institutions providing specialized care for eye diseases exchange staff, which is beneficial for the overall concept of the eye care.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91244890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital technologies have begun their journey in dentistry in recent years. Thanks to this development, clinical practices and laboratory techniques are moving to digital processes. The merging of these digital puzzles into one whole is the logical continuum of this trend - the creation of a 3D virtual patient. In the context of medical education, the virtual patient is defined as an interactive computer simulation of a real-life clinical scenario for the purpose of teaching, learning and evaluation. This review is limited to one area of e-learning in dentistry. It is a fact that few studies have been published as to compare the effectiveness of new virtual and augmented reality systems in dental education. Advanced simulation technology shows the potential to improve training methods and quality. With the widespread adoption and integration of these technologies into the curriculum, students can achieve a higher level of competence before embarking on a clinical practice. Scientific researches will continue to offer a variety of technologies and effective treatments. To take full advantage of modern science, new knowledge and technology must be incorporated into the core of dental education. The aim of this study is to present the advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies and virtual simulators in dental education.
{"title":"Advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies in dental medicine education","authors":"Djendo Djendov, G. Georgieva","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7912","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies have begun their journey in dentistry in recent years. Thanks to this development, clinical practices and laboratory techniques are moving to digital processes. The merging of these digital puzzles into one whole is the logical continuum of this trend - the creation of a 3D virtual patient. In the context of medical education, the virtual patient is defined as an interactive computer simulation of a real-life clinical scenario for the purpose of teaching, learning and evaluation. This review is limited to one area of e-learning in dentistry. It is a fact that few studies have been published as to compare the effectiveness of new virtual and augmented reality systems in dental education. Advanced simulation technology shows the potential to improve training methods and quality. With the widespread adoption and integration of these technologies into the curriculum, students can achieve a higher level of competence before embarking on a clinical practice. Scientific researches will continue to offer a variety of technologies and effective treatments. To take full advantage of modern science, new knowledge and technology must be incorporated into the core of dental education. The aim of this study is to present the advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies and virtual simulators in dental education.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89803413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vestibular system provides the human brain with information about the angular and linear deviation of the head and body in space, as well as the sense of gravity. It is essential for maintaining adequate body position, orientation and performance of motor acts. Synchronous work with other systems – visual and proprioceptive - is observed. Disorientation, staggering and dizziness are provoked by a conflict of the information received by the different sensors. The vestibular system is a constantly engaged system. Scientific databases - PubMed, SCOPUS and MEDLINE - were used to find appropriate studies in English and other languages on the topic of this review, with the following keywords: vestibular disorder, balance, posture, adenoid hypertrophy, hearing loss. A time period of 2010-2021 was set to trace the latest discoveries in the scientific field. Fundamental pieces of scientific research from the second half of the 20th century were also included. In addition to information from the mentioned scientific databases and articles such as clinical trials and review articles, we included information and paid attention to the work of Bulgarian authors on the problems of the topic, including information from articles, abstracts of dissertations. It can be clearly concluded, based on the analyzed literature, that the ability to maintain balance is due to specific information acquired through several sensory processing systems. While vision is important for posture and balance, the ability to hear, the absence of vestibular deficits, the lack of hypertrophic processes in the adenoids contribute to the fine control and regulation of balance. Disorders in one system - visual, audio-vestibular, stomatognathic - affect others, including the whole body, because they are all connected. Patients should be offered a comprehensive diagnosis because, as has been shown many times, the pathology is interrelated and requires appropriate diagnostic methods and treatment plan. This is done in order to improve the quality of life of the patients and reduce the consequences of the disease.
{"title":"Importance of otorhinolaryngology and vestibulogy for posture and balance of the human body","authors":"M. Milkov, M. Stoykov","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7892","url":null,"abstract":"The vestibular system provides the human brain with information about the angular and linear deviation of the head and body in space, as well as the sense of gravity. It is essential for maintaining adequate body position, orientation and performance of motor acts. Synchronous work with other systems – visual and proprioceptive - is observed. Disorientation, staggering and dizziness are provoked by a conflict of the information received by the different sensors. The vestibular system is a constantly engaged system. Scientific databases - PubMed, SCOPUS and MEDLINE - were used to find appropriate studies in English and other languages on the topic of this review, with the following keywords: vestibular disorder, balance, posture, adenoid hypertrophy, hearing loss. A time period of 2010-2021 was set to trace the latest discoveries in the scientific field. Fundamental pieces of scientific research from the second half of the 20th century were also included. In addition to information from the mentioned scientific databases and articles such as clinical trials and review articles, we included information and paid attention to the work of Bulgarian authors on the problems of the topic, including information from articles, abstracts of dissertations. It can be clearly concluded, based on the analyzed literature, that the ability to maintain balance is due to specific information acquired through several sensory processing systems. While vision is important for posture and balance, the ability to hear, the absence of vestibular deficits, the lack of hypertrophic processes in the adenoids contribute to the fine control and regulation of balance. Disorders in one system - visual, audio-vestibular, stomatognathic - affect others, including the whole body, because they are all connected. Patients should be offered a comprehensive diagnosis because, as has been shown many times, the pathology is interrelated and requires appropriate diagnostic methods and treatment plan. This is done in order to improve the quality of life of the patients and reduce the consequences of the disease.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"106 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91480336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advanced age in people leads to a trend toward increasing the kyphotic curve in the thoracic section of the spine. This report aims to provide an updated overview of the approaches for evaluation of thoracic kyphosis applied in practice and to analyse the most popular of them. Methods The study was conducted in the period September 2020 - February 2021. The strategies for selecting scientific articles are tailored to the following keywords: kyphosis, hyperkyphosis, body posture, elderly people and diagnostics, published in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed. Articles which duplicate or overlap with intervention studies evaluating the effect of surgical procedures and studies in children or in people with hyperkyphosis caused by any disease and scoliosis are excluded. Results 941 summaries were reviewed to select 49 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A variety of approaches to measuring thoracic kyphosis have been identified in the examined studies. Conclusion Each measurement method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Some clinical measurement methods are easy to use in clinical practice and the result thereof is immediately available, thus making exposure to radiation unnecessary.
随着年龄的增长，人们的胸椎有增加后凸曲线的趋势。本报告旨在提供在实践中应用的评估胸后凸的方法的最新概述，并分析其中最流行的方法。方法研究时间为2020年9月至2021年2月。选择科学文章的策略是根据以下关键词定制的:后凸，后凸过度，身体姿势，老年人和诊断，发表在Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed。与评估外科手术效果的干预研究重复或重叠的文章以及对儿童或由任何疾病和脊柱侧凸引起的后凸过度的研究被排除在外。结果共审查941篇综述，筛选出49篇符合纳入和排除标准的研究。各种测量胸后凸的方法已经在研究中被确定。结论每种测量方法都有各自的特点和优缺点。一些临床测量方法在临床实践中易于使用，其结果可立即获得，从而无需暴露于辐射。
{"title":"Approaches for evaluation of thoracic kyphosis","authors":"Sylviya Filkova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7893","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced age in people leads to a trend toward increasing the kyphotic curve in the thoracic section of the spine. This report aims to provide an updated overview of the approaches for evaluation of thoracic kyphosis applied in practice and to analyse the most popular of them. Methods The study was conducted in the period September 2020 - February 2021. The strategies for selecting scientific articles are tailored to the following keywords: kyphosis, hyperkyphosis, body posture, elderly people and diagnostics, published in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed. Articles which duplicate or overlap with intervention studies evaluating the effect of surgical procedures and studies in children or in people with hyperkyphosis caused by any disease and scoliosis are excluded. Results 941 summaries were reviewed to select 49 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A variety of approaches to measuring thoracic kyphosis have been identified in the examined studies. Conclusion Each measurement method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Some clinical measurement methods are easy to use in clinical practice and the result thereof is immediately available, thus making exposure to radiation unnecessary.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public health inspectors are members of the health system of the community, who concentrate on prevention and prophylaxis of public health. They are government officials and as such it is not only necessary that they perform their duties conscientiously but also that they establish a socio-cultural model of behavior during the performance of official control. The aim of the study is to research attitudes of persons working in public purpose venues towards the behavior of PHIs (Public Health Inspectors) while performing official control. 125 representatives of public purpose venues participated in the survey, of whom 45,6% were business operators and 54,4% – employees, divided into three groups according to the type of controlling agency. Half of the public officials “explain the rights and obligations“, while 48,8% do that „thoroughy and in detail“. Causes of conflict on behalf of PHIs according to 24,8% of respondents are the differences in interpretation of legislation by different inspectors, which leads to different requirements for the same thing. Over 1/3 assert that during control PHIs behave in a professional and responsible manner and are knowledgeable of the relevant legal provisions. The respondents (62,4%) view the conduct of PHIs as „lawful and impartial“. Nevertheless, the participants in the survey share recommendations for improvement of the efficacy of health control: additional professional education of civil servants, polite attitude, respect and provision of more information on PHIs’s behalf during control.
{"title":"Official position of business owners regarding the behaviour of public health inspectors during performance of official control in public purpose venues","authors":"Yana Тоsheva, S. Pavlova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7895","url":null,"abstract":"Public health inspectors are members of the health system of the community, who concentrate on prevention and prophylaxis of public health. They are government officials and as such it is not only necessary that they perform their duties conscientiously but also that they establish a socio-cultural model of behavior during the performance of official control. The aim of the study is to research attitudes of persons working in public purpose venues towards the behavior of PHIs (Public Health Inspectors) while performing official control. 125 representatives of public purpose venues participated in the survey, of whom 45,6% were business operators and 54,4% – employees, divided into three groups according to the type of controlling agency. Half of the public officials “explain the rights and obligations“, while 48,8% do that „thoroughy and in detail“. Causes of conflict on behalf of PHIs according to 24,8% of respondents are the differences in interpretation of legislation by different inspectors, which leads to different requirements for the same thing. Over 1/3 assert that during control PHIs behave in a professional and responsible manner and are knowledgeable of the relevant legal provisions. The respondents (62,4%) view the conduct of PHIs as „lawful and impartial“. Nevertheless, the participants in the survey share recommendations for improvement of the efficacy of health control: additional professional education of civil servants, polite attitude, respect and provision of more information on PHIs’s behalf during control.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86316652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human skin is a dynamic ecosystem inhabited by bacteria, mites, fungi and viruses. This set of microorganisms living on the skin and mucous membranes of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, conjunctiva, colon and lower urogenital tract, is called „normal flora“ (physiological, natural, autochronous, microbiome, microbiota) and is essential for skin physiology and immunity. The development of molecular methods to identify microorganisms has led to an emerging view of the resident skin bacteria as highly diverse and variable. An enhanced understanding of the skin microbiome is necessary to gain insight into microbial involvement in human skin disorders and to enable novel promicrobial and antimicrobial therapeutic approaches for their treatment.
{"title":"Microbiome and skin","authors":"I. Bakardzhiev, Zhenya Stoyanova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7889","url":null,"abstract":"The human skin is a dynamic ecosystem inhabited by bacteria, mites, fungi and viruses. This set of microorganisms living on the skin and mucous membranes of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, conjunctiva, colon and lower urogenital tract, is called „normal flora“ (physiological, natural, autochronous, microbiome, microbiota) and is essential for skin physiology and immunity. The development of molecular methods to identify microorganisms has led to an emerging view of the resident skin bacteria as highly diverse and variable. An enhanced understanding of the skin microbiome is necessary to gain insight into microbial involvement in human skin disorders and to enable novel promicrobial and antimicrobial therapeutic approaches for their treatment.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77562846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tarpomanova, P. Angelova, Sema Juseinova, Derja Mehmedova
Aggression in schools is a cause for reasonable worry in the entirety of society. The aim of the current review is to depict the methodological framework in the context of causes and factors for the appearance of aggressive behavior in school age and based on that to propose effective interventions for prevention of the aggression among pupils from 5 to 8 school grade. Part of the modeling factors for aggressive behavior are reviewed as a theoretical base for preventive strategies and effective interventions. Several techniques for group work with pupils are proposed as well as some separate group modules - groups for developing emotional intelligence in kids and groups for social–psychological training. The proposed by the public health students idea about simultaneous interventions with pupils, parents and teachers is presented. It is expected that the common activities will show significant effect because of the involvement of all parties that are related both with the occurrence of and the coping with the problem behavior in school age.
{"title":"Effective interventions for prevention of aggression among 5th - 8th grade pupils","authors":"T. Tarpomanova, P. Angelova, Sema Juseinova, Derja Mehmedova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7894","url":null,"abstract":"Aggression in schools is a cause for reasonable worry in the entirety of society. The aim of the current review is to depict the methodological framework in the context of causes and factors for the appearance of aggressive behavior in school age and based on that to propose effective interventions for prevention of the aggression among pupils from 5 to 8 school grade. Part of the modeling factors for aggressive behavior are reviewed as a theoretical base for preventive strategies and effective interventions. Several techniques for group work with pupils are proposed as well as some separate group modules - groups for developing emotional intelligence in kids and groups for social–psychological training. The proposed by the public health students idea about simultaneous interventions with pupils, parents and teachers is presented. It is expected that the common activities will show significant effect because of the involvement of all parties that are related both with the occurrence of and the coping with the problem behavior in school age.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82723762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of health tourism has been growing exponentially in the last years. Health tourism is an emerging, global, complex and rapidly changing segment that needs to be managed with modern management tools in the present era. Health tourism comprises around 5% of general tourism in the EU-28 and contributes approximately 0.3% to the EU economy (8). Health tourism has a much higher domestic share than general tourism does. Increasing the share of health tourism may reduce tourism seasonality, improve sustainability and labor quality, and may help to reduce health costs through prevention measures and decreased pharmaceutical consumption (9). Health tourism is increasing its role as a significant contributor to the development not only of regional but also of national economy (6). Despite certain tendencies in preference for individual tourism, it is expected that health tourism and health tourism destination will continue to increase their influence and take bigger part in the tourism mix in the future. In the National strategy for sustainable development of the tourism on the territory of Bulgaria /2014-2030/ the Ministry of Tourism determines tourism as a leading, structuring national industry. Tourism is a stable factor contributing to the constant optimization of Bulgarian economy through a significant share in the GDP – 12-18%. Strategic aims of Bulgaria’s are: increasing the competitiveness of the destination Bulgaria on the international tourism market by increasing the quality of the tourist product, strong brand of the destination and product specialization and diversification. One of the main priorities of the Ministry of Tourism is increasing the share of the specialized types of tourism – balneo (medical spa), spa and wellness concretely, leading to an year-round and more intensive workload (4). Aim The authors are convinced that Bulgaria has all the necessary conditions and prerequisites to present itself more purposefully and on a larger scale as a year-round tourist destination, offering a quality tourist product, placing the main focus on health tourism (medical spa, spa and wellness), which is successfully combined with all major forms of tourism (sea, mountain, cultural, gourmet, golf/. The authors support the relevant idea of the Ministry of Tourism to adapt and upgrade the existing National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development in Bulgaria /with a horizon of 2040 - 2050/ by placing a strong focus on health tourism, especially relevant in the world pandemic of COVID-19, when the role of health tourism (prevention and prophylaxis) in Bulgaria is recognized by all competing European countries.
{"title":"Repositioning of Bulgaria on the European map as a tourist destination offering a competitive tourist product through health tourism (balneo-spa/medical spa, spa and wellness)","authors":"S. Katsarova, T. Kostadinova","doi":"10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/VMF.V10I2.7898","url":null,"abstract":"The role of health tourism has been growing exponentially in the last years. Health tourism is an emerging, global, complex and rapidly changing segment that needs to be managed with modern management tools in the present era. Health tourism comprises around 5% of general tourism in the EU-28 and contributes approximately 0.3% to the EU economy (8). Health tourism has a much higher domestic share than general tourism does. Increasing the share of health tourism may reduce tourism seasonality, improve sustainability and labor quality, and may help to reduce health costs through prevention measures and decreased pharmaceutical consumption (9). Health tourism is increasing its role as a significant contributor to the development not only of regional but also of national economy (6). Despite certain tendencies in preference for individual tourism, it is expected that health tourism and health tourism destination will continue to increase their influence and take bigger part in the tourism mix in the future. In the National strategy for sustainable development of the tourism on the territory of Bulgaria /2014-2030/ the Ministry of Tourism determines tourism as a leading, structuring national industry. Tourism is a stable factor contributing to the constant optimization of Bulgarian economy through a significant share in the GDP – 12-18%. Strategic aims of Bulgaria’s are: increasing the competitiveness of the destination Bulgaria on the international tourism market by increasing the quality of the tourist product, strong brand of the destination and product specialization and diversification. One of the main priorities of the Ministry of Tourism is increasing the share of the specialized types of tourism – balneo (medical spa), spa and wellness concretely, leading to an year-round and more intensive workload (4). Aim The authors are convinced that Bulgaria has all the necessary conditions and prerequisites to present itself more purposefully and on a larger scale as a year-round tourist destination, offering a quality tourist product, placing the main focus on health tourism (medical spa, spa and wellness), which is successfully combined with all major forms of tourism (sea, mountain, cultural, gourmet, golf/. The authors support the relevant idea of the Ministry of Tourism to adapt and upgrade the existing National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development in Bulgaria /with a horizon of 2040 - 2050/ by placing a strong focus on health tourism, especially relevant in the world pandemic of COVID-19, when the role of health tourism (prevention and prophylaxis) in Bulgaria is recognized by all competing European countries.","PeriodicalId":23566,"journal":{"name":"Varna Medical Forum","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91430520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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