Abstract Combined, decentralized systems for rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse may enhance the water security of urban areas by reducing dependence on the main water supply, in particular during critical periods, such as the dry season. They can also minimize the risk of flooding during the rainy season. The present study assesses the accumulated knowledge of these combined systems based on a systematic review of the literature restricted to academic sources. The review revealed knowledge gaps that must be resolved to better assess the optimum combination of rainwater and greywater recovery, how this affects the need for the treatment of the recovered water, its final quality, potential options for reuse, water economy, and the environmental and economic performance of the system. Further empirical studies are required to determine the most adequate design configuration for these systems, considering their multiple objectives, technological perspectives, and in particular, their potential for improving environmental shortcomings. There is a clear need for widespread use of low-impact technologies to ensure the most effective possible results. Water recovery systems will become increasingly important as a means of tackling the challenges of water supplies in the urban landscape, which are being exacerbated by climate change.
{"title":"Integrated systems for rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse: a systematic review of urban water management strategies","authors":"A. M. Rodrigues, K. T. M. Formiga, J. Milograna","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.240","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Combined, decentralized systems for rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse may enhance the water security of urban areas by reducing dependence on the main water supply, in particular during critical periods, such as the dry season. They can also minimize the risk of flooding during the rainy season. The present study assesses the accumulated knowledge of these combined systems based on a systematic review of the literature restricted to academic sources. The review revealed knowledge gaps that must be resolved to better assess the optimum combination of rainwater and greywater recovery, how this affects the need for the treatment of the recovered water, its final quality, potential options for reuse, water economy, and the environmental and economic performance of the system. Further empirical studies are required to determine the most adequate design configuration for these systems, considering their multiple objectives, technological perspectives, and in particular, their potential for improving environmental shortcomings. There is a clear need for widespread use of low-impact technologies to ensure the most effective possible results. Water recovery systems will become increasingly important as a means of tackling the challenges of water supplies in the urban landscape, which are being exacerbated by climate change.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu Xu, Ching-Hsien Hsu, Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin
Abstract Ecological regeneration will reduce air pollution, reverse forest clearing and wilderness, minimize loss of biodiversity, improve urban ecosystems, and probably enhance the livelihoods and ties between mankind and nature. Ecological regeneration risk factors include frequent changes in natural environments, imperfect interpretation of natural systems by humans, and a lack of knowledge on past successes and shortcomings. The Internet of Things (IoT) uses in environmental monitoring are varied: environmental protection, extreme weather monitoring, water safety, conservation of endangered species, and commercial farming. In this paper, artificial intelligence-based environmental decision restoration framework (AI-EDRF) has been proposed to strengthen the continuously evolving natural systems; people are deficient about natural systems and the insufficient knowledge about past achievements and failures. The biological terrestrial collective analysis is introduced to improve natural systems is rapidly evolving, and people are inadequately aware of natural systems. Stochastic water quality analysis is integrated with AI-EDRF to boost past achievements and failures. IoT-enabled smart energy management is an effective approach to provide cost-effective, efficient energy distribution and technologies are used in connection with sustainable, renewable energy sources. The computational analysis is executed based on accuracy, performance ratio, reaction time, and data deployment to verify the developed framework's reliability.
{"title":"Multi-energy system smart tool for ecological water body restoration using an AI-based decision-making framework","authors":"Shu Xu, Ching-Hsien Hsu, Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ecological regeneration will reduce air pollution, reverse forest clearing and wilderness, minimize loss of biodiversity, improve urban ecosystems, and probably enhance the livelihoods and ties between mankind and nature. Ecological regeneration risk factors include frequent changes in natural environments, imperfect interpretation of natural systems by humans, and a lack of knowledge on past successes and shortcomings. The Internet of Things (IoT) uses in environmental monitoring are varied: environmental protection, extreme weather monitoring, water safety, conservation of endangered species, and commercial farming. In this paper, artificial intelligence-based environmental decision restoration framework (AI-EDRF) has been proposed to strengthen the continuously evolving natural systems; people are deficient about natural systems and the insufficient knowledge about past achievements and failures. The biological terrestrial collective analysis is introduced to improve natural systems is rapidly evolving, and people are inadequately aware of natural systems. Stochastic water quality analysis is integrated with AI-EDRF to boost past achievements and failures. IoT-enabled smart energy management is an effective approach to provide cost-effective, efficient energy distribution and technologies are used in connection with sustainable, renewable energy sources. The computational analysis is executed based on accuracy, performance ratio, reaction time, and data deployment to verify the developed framework's reliability.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent decades, micro-pollutants like estrogen hormones have been considered due to adverse health effects on humans and the environment despite very low concentrations of 0.1–20 ng/L. In the present study, drinking water was sampled from the six areas of Tehran in summer (August 2020), autumn (November 2020), winter (February 2021), and spring (May 2021) to evaluate natural and synthetic estrogen hormones (estrone (E1), 17-beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2)). The samples were transferred to the laboratory and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was used to extract the hormones, and the type and amount of hormones were examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. According to the results, the highest concentrations were related to E1 and E2 compounds at 1.96 and 2.13 ng/L, respectively, in summer and autumn (device detection limit = 0.5 ng/L). In addition, concentrations of compounds E1 and E2 were lower than the detection limit in spring and winter in all samples, and compounds E3 and EE2 were not identified in any samples or seasons. Commonly, the concentration of steroid hormones increased in the dry seasons (summer and autumn), while in the spring and winter concentrations were less than the device detection limit because of rainfall.
{"title":"Assessment of emerging endocrine-disrupting compounds, namely estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, estriol, and 17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol, in the drinking water piping network of Tehran","authors":"Noushin Rastkari, Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Masoumeh Beikmohammadi, Seyedeh Somayeh Yousefi","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent decades, micro-pollutants like estrogen hormones have been considered due to adverse health effects on humans and the environment despite very low concentrations of 0.1–20 ng/L. In the present study, drinking water was sampled from the six areas of Tehran in summer (August 2020), autumn (November 2020), winter (February 2021), and spring (May 2021) to evaluate natural and synthetic estrogen hormones (estrone (E1), 17-beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2)). The samples were transferred to the laboratory and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was used to extract the hormones, and the type and amount of hormones were examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. According to the results, the highest concentrations were related to E1 and E2 compounds at 1.96 and 2.13 ng/L, respectively, in summer and autumn (device detection limit = 0.5 ng/L). In addition, concentrations of compounds E1 and E2 were lower than the detection limit in spring and winter in all samples, and compounds E3 and EE2 were not identified in any samples or seasons. Commonly, the concentration of steroid hormones increased in the dry seasons (summer and autumn), while in the spring and winter concentrations were less than the device detection limit because of rainfall.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Song, Xuguang Zhao, Jin Xu, Zheng Shang, Dian Liu, Haijie Pan
Abstract As time goes by in deep silt, the water in the shallow layers of the soil and the water pressure will both dissipate, causing greater deformation of the soil structure. Based on the analysis of the new pipeline in Zhuhai, the post-settlement of the existing pipeline in the silt is calculated by theoretical analysis and simulation. It is concluded that the displacement deformation of the water supply pipeline after 400 days of sediment consolidation is still in safety control and puts forward some optimization methods to ensure the safety and function of the pipeline and provide the guidance basis for the follow-up maintenance and construction. It has a certain practical value.
{"title":"Analysis on influence of consolidation and settlement of deep silt soil on existing pipeline – take the project of the fourth water supply pipeline to Macao as an example","authors":"Jian Song, Xuguang Zhao, Jin Xu, Zheng Shang, Dian Liu, Haijie Pan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As time goes by in deep silt, the water in the shallow layers of the soil and the water pressure will both dissipate, causing greater deformation of the soil structure. Based on the analysis of the new pipeline in Zhuhai, the post-settlement of the existing pipeline in the silt is calculated by theoretical analysis and simulation. It is concluded that the displacement deformation of the water supply pipeline after 400 days of sediment consolidation is still in safety control and puts forward some optimization methods to ensure the safety and function of the pipeline and provide the guidance basis for the follow-up maintenance and construction. It has a certain practical value.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a soil amendment that has been shown to enhance soil water retention capacity. However, the effects of γ-PGA on soil NH3 volatilization, soil nitrogen pool, and crop growth have been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of γ-PGA on NH3 volatilization, soil mineral nitrogen content, and soybean seed productivity. We conducted an incubation experiment and a pot experiment using two different textured soils (sandy soil and sandy loam soil) with four γ-PGA application rates (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%, w/w). The results showed that the application of γ-PGA decreased the peak value of NH3 volatilization and cumulative NH3 emission through the incubation experiment. Cumulative NH3 volatilization decreased with increasing γ-PGA application amount. The addition of γ-PGA to sandy soil and sandy loam soil increased soil N content by 17–63% and 7–33%, respectively. Based on pot experimental results and principal component analysis, we recommend the optimal rates of γ-PGA application were 0.3% (w/w) in sandy soil and 0.1% (w/w) in sandy loam soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for the addition of γ-PGA as a promising strategy to reduce NH3 volatilization and increase soil nitrogen content.
{"title":"Poly-<i>γ</i>-glutamic acid affects NH3 volatilization, soil nitrogen content, and soybean seedling growth","authors":"Lu Liu, Wenjuan Shi","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.228","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a soil amendment that has been shown to enhance soil water retention capacity. However, the effects of γ-PGA on soil NH3 volatilization, soil nitrogen pool, and crop growth have been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of γ-PGA on NH3 volatilization, soil mineral nitrogen content, and soybean seed productivity. We conducted an incubation experiment and a pot experiment using two different textured soils (sandy soil and sandy loam soil) with four γ-PGA application rates (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%, w/w). The results showed that the application of γ-PGA decreased the peak value of NH3 volatilization and cumulative NH3 emission through the incubation experiment. Cumulative NH3 volatilization decreased with increasing γ-PGA application amount. The addition of γ-PGA to sandy soil and sandy loam soil increased soil N content by 17–63% and 7–33%, respectively. Based on pot experimental results and principal component analysis, we recommend the optimal rates of γ-PGA application were 0.3% (w/w) in sandy soil and 0.1% (w/w) in sandy loam soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for the addition of γ-PGA as a promising strategy to reduce NH3 volatilization and increase soil nitrogen content.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper investigated how the meta-heuristic models can be used to facilitate the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) images. Focusing on estimating daily ET directly from received images of the electromagnetic bands of Landsat 8 satellite utilizing metaheuristic models, authors used daily ET images estimated by the SEBAL algorithm to calibrate and verify these models. The results of this research showed that the ANN model with DC and RMSE of 0.98 and 0.09025 mm/day, respectively, is more accurate compared to the ACO (with DC = 0.65 and RMSE = 1.45 mm/day) and PSO (with DC = 0.23 and RMSE = 1.60 mm/day) models in the verification stage in estimating daily ET images. The ACO model compared to the PSO model is more accurate in estimating ET images with DC of 0.65 and 0.23 in the verification step, respectively. While removing half of the training data, the accuracy of the PSO model surpasses the ACO model with DC of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. Also, the ANN model is more accurate than the other two models in estimating ET, both when considering all the data and half of the training data (with DC = 0.98 and RMSE = 0.09 mm/day).
{"title":"Improving the remote sensing process of evapotranspiration in the SEBAL algorithm using meta-heuristic models","authors":"Mehdi Komasi, Soroush Sharghi","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigated how the meta-heuristic models can be used to facilitate the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) images. Focusing on estimating daily ET directly from received images of the electromagnetic bands of Landsat 8 satellite utilizing metaheuristic models, authors used daily ET images estimated by the SEBAL algorithm to calibrate and verify these models. The results of this research showed that the ANN model with DC and RMSE of 0.98 and 0.09025 mm/day, respectively, is more accurate compared to the ACO (with DC = 0.65 and RMSE = 1.45 mm/day) and PSO (with DC = 0.23 and RMSE = 1.60 mm/day) models in the verification stage in estimating daily ET images. The ACO model compared to the PSO model is more accurate in estimating ET images with DC of 0.65 and 0.23 in the verification step, respectively. While removing half of the training data, the accuracy of the PSO model surpasses the ACO model with DC of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. Also, the ANN model is more accurate than the other two models in estimating ET, both when considering all the data and half of the training data (with DC = 0.98 and RMSE = 0.09 mm/day).","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sustainable planning of water allocation in the agricultural sector requires attention to soil, plant, climate and their limitations. This study was conducted in order to develop a real-time framework for simulating soil–water balance in the root zone, crop growth curve and irrigation planning of rapeseed cultivation in Henan Province, China during a cropping season from March to October 2022. Simulation of production functions with field information calibration at daily time step was developed to accurately estimate the simulation of crop growth and soil water balance. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is incorporated as an efficient tool to evaluate the water productivity as objective function in a self-organizing framework. Choosing the appropriate planting date for rapeseed cultivation at the beginning of the growing season was evaluated to increase the use of precipitation for canopy cover growth and thus reduce irrigation water consumption. The results showed that the proposed model increased water productivity by 23% as the objective function, and evaporation from the soil surface decreased by 16%. The maximum difference between the irrigation depth in the optimal and existing strategies was 41 mm in the germination stages until the seed-filling stage, which caused a decrease in final biomass and plant transpiration.
{"title":"Developing a real-time self-organizing algorithm for irrigation planning of rapeseed cultivation","authors":"Yunzhong Dai, Kuan-yu Chen","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sustainable planning of water allocation in the agricultural sector requires attention to soil, plant, climate and their limitations. This study was conducted in order to develop a real-time framework for simulating soil–water balance in the root zone, crop growth curve and irrigation planning of rapeseed cultivation in Henan Province, China during a cropping season from March to October 2022. Simulation of production functions with field information calibration at daily time step was developed to accurately estimate the simulation of crop growth and soil water balance. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is incorporated as an efficient tool to evaluate the water productivity as objective function in a self-organizing framework. Choosing the appropriate planting date for rapeseed cultivation at the beginning of the growing season was evaluated to increase the use of precipitation for canopy cover growth and thus reduce irrigation water consumption. The results showed that the proposed model increased water productivity by 23% as the objective function, and evaporation from the soil surface decreased by 16%. The maximum difference between the irrigation depth in the optimal and existing strategies was 41 mm in the germination stages until the seed-filling stage, which caused a decrease in final biomass and plant transpiration.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum: <i>Water Supply</i> 23 (7), 2662–2675: A quantitative and qualitative investigation of ball and foam covers coated with cement slurry and their composition on reducing evaporation and choosing the best coating by the AHP method, Hojat Karami, Alireza Sobhi and Ramazan Vagheei, https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.160","authors":"","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Urban water issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed, modeled, and mapped through cutting-edge geospatial technologies; however, the water sector in developing countries suffers various spatial data-related problems such as limited coverage, unreliable data, limited coordination, and sharing. Available spatial data are limited to the aggregate level (i.e., national, state, and district levels) and lack details to make informed policy decisions and allocations. Despite significant advancements in geospatial technologies, their application and integration at the policy and decision-making level are rare. The current research provides a broad GIS-centric framework for actionable science, which focuses on real context and facilitates geospatial maps and theoretical and practical knowledge to address various water issues. The study demonstrates the application of the proposed Geospatial Framework from technical and institutional perspectives in water-stressed zones in Pune city, showing where and how to solve problems and where proposed actions can most impact creating a sustainable water-secured future. The framework makes it possible for everyone to explore datasets that can provide a baseline for research, and analysis, contribute to the process, propose, and act on solutions, and take the benefits of the outcomes and policy recommendations.
{"title":"Water security: a Geospatial Framework for urban water resilience","authors":"Jyoti Jain Tholiya, Navendu Chaudhary","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban water issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed, modeled, and mapped through cutting-edge geospatial technologies; however, the water sector in developing countries suffers various spatial data-related problems such as limited coverage, unreliable data, limited coordination, and sharing. Available spatial data are limited to the aggregate level (i.e., national, state, and district levels) and lack details to make informed policy decisions and allocations. Despite significant advancements in geospatial technologies, their application and integration at the policy and decision-making level are rare. The current research provides a broad GIS-centric framework for actionable science, which focuses on real context and facilitates geospatial maps and theoretical and practical knowledge to address various water issues. The study demonstrates the application of the proposed Geospatial Framework from technical and institutional perspectives in water-stressed zones in Pune city, showing where and how to solve problems and where proposed actions can most impact creating a sustainable water-secured future. The framework makes it possible for everyone to explore datasets that can provide a baseline for research, and analysis, contribute to the process, propose, and act on solutions, and take the benefits of the outcomes and policy recommendations.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With rapid urbanization in recent years, the frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased in major cities around the world during the flood season, and the social and economic losses caused by heavy rainfall are becoming increasingly serious. The results show that (1) the overall duration of rainfall exhibits a downward trend, and the overall spatial performance gradually decreases from east to west. (2) The mountainous areas are prone to light and moderate rainfall events; the plains are more prone to rainfall events at levels above moderate rain, especially rainstorms and heavy rain events; the probability of light and moderate rainfall events in the suburbs is close to that of the urban areas, but the probability of rainfall events at levels above heavy rain is less than that of the urban areas; the probability of rainfall events of all levels in the outer suburbs is higher. (3) Increase in rainfall in urban areas compared to the southern suburbs is greater. (4) With increasing urbanization, the built environment in the mountainous areas and plains has continued to grow, and the original underlying surface conditions have changed.
{"title":"Characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of rainfall under the influence of urbanization: a case study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region","authors":"Chengcheng Xu, Yanzhen Wang, Baiqing Xiao, Qingyan Sun, Chuiyu Lu, Chu Wu","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With rapid urbanization in recent years, the frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased in major cities around the world during the flood season, and the social and economic losses caused by heavy rainfall are becoming increasingly serious. The results show that (1) the overall duration of rainfall exhibits a downward trend, and the overall spatial performance gradually decreases from east to west. (2) The mountainous areas are prone to light and moderate rainfall events; the plains are more prone to rainfall events at levels above moderate rain, especially rainstorms and heavy rain events; the probability of light and moderate rainfall events in the suburbs is close to that of the urban areas, but the probability of rainfall events at levels above heavy rain is less than that of the urban areas; the probability of rainfall events of all levels in the outer suburbs is higher. (3) Increase in rainfall in urban areas compared to the southern suburbs is greater. (4) With increasing urbanization, the built environment in the mountainous areas and plains has continued to grow, and the original underlying surface conditions have changed.","PeriodicalId":23573,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology: Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135310205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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