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Использование технологии дополненной реальности на этапах жизненного цикла объекта капитального строительства 在基本建设设施生命周期的各个阶段使用增强现实技术
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.11.1813-1820
Светлана Яковлевна Евтушенко, М. Д. Куценко
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引用次数: 0
Исследование влияния этажности железобетонных каркасов на деградацию собственных частот и характер разрушения при землетрясении 钢筋混凝土框架层高对自然频率衰减和地震破坏特征影响的研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.11.1704-1712
О. В. Мкртычев, Роман Александрович Зайцев
{"title":"Исследование влияния этажности железобетонных каркасов на деградацию собственных частот и характер разрушения при землетрясении","authors":"О. В. Мкртычев, Роман Александрович Зайцев","doi":"10.22227/1997-0935.2023.11.1704-1712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.11.1704-1712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23589,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGSU","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Анализ применения цифровых технологий в государственном и муниципальном управлении 分析数字技术在国家和市政管理中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.11.1836-1845
Н. А. Солопова, Ж. В. Селезнева
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引用次数: 0
Цепочки создания ценности в строительстве на основе концепции бережливого производства в условиях цифровой трансформации 在数字转型的节俭生产概念基础上建立价值链
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1647-1660
К. Ю. Кулаков, А. К. Орлов, В. С. Канхва
Introduction. In modern conditions, the fundamental basis of construction is the process of creating value of the capital construction object for the consumer. The article examines the process of creation of capital construction projects as a value chain and substantiates the influence of digital transformation on the development and dynamics of this chain. The analysis of modern research on the impact of digitalization on value chains is carried out, the results of the analysis are projected onto the processes of digital transformation of the construction ecosystem. The main existing problems of project implementation efficiency in construction, including from the position of the actual task of increasing labour productivity, as well as the prospects for digitalization of construction from the position of value chains using the tools of the lean manufacturing concept are identified. A mechanism for implementing the concept of lean manufacturing in construction using digitalization tools is proposed. Based on the results of the financial and economic analysis, the effects of the implementation of the proposed measures that affect the timing of the implementation of the IСP, cost and quality parameters are calculated. The proposed approach contributes to the creation of a database on the occurrence and ways to solve problems in business processes, as well as creates opportunities for continuous training and motivation of employees, which is fully consistent with the need for continuous improvement in lean construction. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of lean construction in relation to aspects of the transformation of the digital construction ecosystem. In addition, systematic and situational approaches, methods of qualitative, comparative and factor analysis of the results of foreign and domestic experience were used in the study. The tools of investment analysis and financial and economic modelling were used to analyze the results of the implementation of lean construction tools within the framework of investment and construction projects. Results. The authors propose a practical approach to the implementation of the concept of lean production using digitalization tools in the activities of a construction company. The analysis of the results of the introduction of digital tools based on the concept of lean construction in Russia made it possible to quantify the losses in the framework of the implementation of investment and construction projects, as well as to calculate the effects of the implementation of the proposed solutions. Conclusions. The study recommends participants of the construction ecosystem to implement the concept of lean construction in integration with digital technologies in accordance with the proposed practical approach to increase labour productivity and the efficiency of investment projects implemented.
介绍。在现代条件下,建设的根本基础是基本建设对象为消费者创造价值的过程。本文考察了基本建设项目作为价值链的创建过程,并实证了数字化转型对这条价值链的发展和动态的影响。对数字化对价值链影响的现代研究进行了分析,并将分析结果预测到建筑生态系统的数字化转型过程中。从提高劳动生产率这一实际任务的角度,以及利用精益制造理念的工具,从价值链的角度对建筑业数字化的前景进行了展望,指出了建筑业项目实施效率存在的主要问题。提出了一种利用数字化工具在建筑业中实施精益制造概念的机制。根据财务和经济分析的结果,对所提出措施的实施效果对实施时间IСP、成本和质量参数的影响进行了计算。提出的方法有助于建立业务流程中问题发生和解决方法的数据库,并为员工提供持续培训和激励的机会,这完全符合精益建设中持续改进的需要。材料和方法。本研究的方法论基础是精益建设的概念,与数字建筑生态系统转型的各个方面有关。此外,本研究还采用了系统分析和情景分析的方法,以及国内外经验结果的定性分析、比较分析和因素分析的方法。使用投资分析和财务经济建模的工具来分析在投资和建设项目框架内实施精益建设工具的结果。结果。作者提出了一个实用的方法来实施精益生产的概念,利用数字化工具在建筑公司的活动。基于俄罗斯精益建设概念的数字工具引入结果分析使得可以量化投资和建设项目实施框架中的损失,以及计算实施拟议解决方案的效果。结论。该研究建议建筑生态系统的参与者根据提出的实际方法,实施精益建筑概念,并与数字技术相结合,以提高劳动生产率和所实施投资项目的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Влияние возрастания характеристик грунтов в основании реконструируемых зданий на их осадку при устройстве подземной части 地下建筑基础上土壤特性上升的影响,取决于地下建筑的沉积物。
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1563-1573
Н. С. Никифорова, Н. С. Семенов
Introduction. With the time of operation of buildings and structures, soil compaction occurs under the base of their foundations from all the acting loads from the building. The purpose of the research is to study the movements of the building foundations during the construction of the underground part with their possible preventive reinforcement during reconstruction, taking into account changes in the strength and deformation characteristics of soils. The solution of this problem will allow the most detailed consideration of buildings settlement during reconstruction. Materials and methods. A series of numerical calculations in the PLAXIS 2D software package of the interaction of the foundation with the foundation soil during the reconstruction of a building with the development of underground space, including the construction of two or three underground floors, were carried out. Results. The effect of taking into account the improved soil characteristics with regard to the time of building operation on the settlement of existing foundations during reconstruction with the development of underground space is studied. It was revealed that the reinforcement of foundations with soil-cement elements reduces the settlement during reconstruction approximately in two times. The influence of the number of floors of the designed underground car park on the stress-strain state of the soil massif is considered. Conclusions. Numerical studies show that strengthening of soils under the base of existing foundations leads to a decrease in the building settlement during reconstruction with the development of underground space. Reinforcement of the existing foundation with soil-cement elements makes it possible not to exceed the maximum additional settlement of the reconstructed building. A decrease in the settlement of existing foundations with a decrease in the number of storeys of the designed underground part is revealed.
介绍。随着建筑物和构筑物的使用时间的延长,在建筑物的所有作用荷载作用下,其基础下部发生了土体压实。本研究的目的是在考虑土体强度和变形特性变化的情况下,研究地下部分施工过程中建筑物基础的运动及其在改造过程中可能进行的预防性加固。这一问题的解决将使重建过程中最详细地考虑建筑物的沉降。材料和方法。在PLAXIS 2D软件中,对地下空间开发后的建筑物重建过程中,包括地下两层或三层的重建过程中,地基与地基土的相互作用进行了一系列数值计算。结果。研究了随着地下空间的发展,在改造过程中,考虑建筑施工时间对土质特性的改善对既有基础沉降的影响。结果表明,采用水泥土单元加固地基可使重建过程中的沉降减少约两倍。考虑了地下停车场层数对土体应力-应变状态的影响。结论。数值研究表明,随着地下空间的发展,在改造过程中,对既有基础基底下的土体进行加固可以减小建筑物的沉降。用水泥土构件加固现有基础,使其不超过重建建筑的最大附加沉降。随着地下部分设计层数的减少,现有基础的沉降也随之减少。
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引用次数: 0
Влияние коэффициента неравномерности расширения грунтового образца на механические характеристики 土壤膨胀系数对机械特性的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1574-1586
А. З. Тер-Мартиросян, Г. О. Анжело, Л. Ю. Ермошина, И. А. Боков, А. В. Манукян
Introduction. The most common method of determining the mechanical characteristics of the soil is triaxial compression testing. This type of testing is widely used both for applied and scientific purposes, and is described in the works of both domestic and foreign authors, as well as in regulatory and technical documentation. However, within the framework of scientific works by various authors, the coefficient of uneven expansion of a soil sample during triaxial tests is often neglected and is not taken into account when processing the test results. In the existing current regulatory and technical documents, such as GOST 12248.3–2020, consideration of the coefficient of uneven expansion of the soil sample under triaxial compression b is of a recommendatory nature. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the work, experimental studies by the triaxial compression method were carried out on sandy soil samples of different granulometric composition in order to determine its mechanical characteristics using two different methods of processing laboratory test results — taking into account the coefficient of uneven expansion of the soil sample and without it. Results. According to the results of the performed experimental studies, it was found that the exclusion of the expansion non-linearity coefficient b from the processing of laboratory test results leads to a significant overestimation of the values of the internal friction angle. However, the values of secant modulus of deformation at 50 % strength E50 are lower by an average of 7.7 % when the nonlinear expansion coefficient of the steel is excluded from the processing. Conclusions. Analyzing the results obtained, as well as taking into account various factors influencing the results of the study (density, humidity, etc.), additional laboratory tests are required in order to further clarify the correlation dependencies in determining the strength and deformation characteristics of sandy soils, with and without taking into account the coefficient b.
介绍。测定土的力学特性最常用的方法是三轴压缩试验。这种类型的测试被广泛用于应用和科学目的,在国内外作者的作品中以及在法规和技术文件中都有描述。然而,在不同作者的科学工作框架内,土样在三轴试验过程中的不均匀膨胀系数往往被忽略,在处理试验结果时没有考虑到。在现有的现行法规和技术文件中,如GOST 12248.3-2020,考虑土样在三轴压缩下的不均匀膨胀系数b具有推荐性质。材料和方法。在工作框架内,采用三轴压缩法对不同粒度组成的砂土试样进行实验研究,采用考虑和不考虑土样不均匀膨胀系数两种不同的处理实验室试验结果的方法确定其力学特性。结果。根据所进行的实验研究结果,发现在实验室测试结果的处理中排除膨胀非线性系数b会导致内摩擦角值的显着高估。然而,在50%强度E50时,当不考虑钢的非线性膨胀系数时,割线变形模量平均降低了7.7%。结论。分析所获得的结果,并考虑到影响研究结果的各种因素(密度、湿度等),需要进行额外的实验室测试,以便进一步澄清在考虑系数b和不考虑系数b时确定沙土强度和变形特性的相关依赖关系。
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引用次数: 0
Алгоритм проведения обследований систем холодного и горячего водоснабжения жилых зданий 住宅建筑冷热供水系统调查算法
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1617-1626
Н. А. Макиша, В. А. Чухин
Introduction. Currently, there is a wide variety of methods for monitoring the condition of pipeline systems which require a different set of equipment. However, these methods are not applied for internal water supply systems due to restrictions on pipe diameters and complicated availability of communications Materials and methods. To assess the corrosion activity of water and determine the possibility of calcium carbonate release, various indices can be used: Langelier, Risner, Snow-Jackson, etc. When monitoring water supply systems with signs of corrosion using an electron microscope, it was found that the composition of the corrosive sediment contains a large amount of zinc, and, in some cases, copper. The essence of the proposed method is that a preliminary prepared steel indicator sample cut from an uncoated pipe was placed in a container under a stream of cold or hot water in the investigated water supply system made of galvanized steel pipes (including copper-containing fittings and heat exchangers), the sample was kept under the stream for 3–4 hours until the formation of surfaces of firmly attached corrosion products (sediment). Results. Fistulas were found on horizontal sections, on turns, in places where pipelines are welded. When laying pipes in parallel in a horizontal plane, it is necessary to bypass the pipes located next to the risers, which leads to the appearance of U-shaped or U-shaped contours of horizontally laid pipes. The most obvious reason for abnormally rapid corrosion in horizontally arranged pipelines with a U-shaped connection scheme of risers is the low speed of water movement. At low velocity of water flow in pipes with a change in the direction of water movement from horizontal to vertical and down, air will accumulate on the horizontal section of the main pipeline, while sediment will accumulate on the horizontal section going to the riser. Conclusions. The experience of the survey of water supply systems of buildings shows that, first of all, it is necessary to assess the impact of water quality on corrosion of pipelines according to stability indices, which in some cases can provide an answer to the possibility of abnormally rapid corrosion.
介绍。目前,有各种各样的方法来监测管道系统的状态,需要一套不同的设备。然而,由于管道直径的限制以及通信材料和方法的复杂可用性,这些方法不适用于内部供水系统。为了评价水的腐蚀活性,确定碳酸钙释放的可能性,可以使用多种指标:Langelier、Risner、Snow-Jackson等。当使用电子显微镜监测有腐蚀迹象的供水系统时,发现腐蚀性沉积物的成分含有大量的锌,在某些情况下还含有铜。所提出的方法的实质是,将从未涂覆的管道上切下的初步制备的钢指示样品放入容器中,置于由镀锌钢管(包括含铜接头和热交换器)制成的所研究的供水系统的冷水或热水流下,样品在水流下保持3-4小时,直到形成牢固附着的腐蚀产物(沉积物)表面。结果。在水平段、转弯处和管道焊接处发现了瘘管。在水平面平行敷设管道时,需要绕过位于立管旁边的管道,这导致水平敷设的管道出现u形或u形轮廓。水平布置立管u型连接方式的管道发生异常快速腐蚀的最明显原因是水的运动速度过慢。在管道中水流速较低时,水流方向由水平向垂直向下变化,空气在主管道的水平段积聚,泥沙在流向立管的水平段积聚。结论。建筑物供水系统调查的经验表明,首先,需要根据稳定性指标来评估水质对管道腐蚀的影响,在某些情况下,稳定性指标可以为异常快速腐蚀的可能性提供答案。
{"title":"Алгоритм проведения обследований систем холодного и горячего водоснабжения жилых зданий","authors":"Н. А. Макиша, В. А. Чухин","doi":"10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1617-1626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1617-1626","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, there is a wide variety of methods for monitoring the condition of pipeline systems which require a different set of equipment. However, these methods are not applied for internal water supply systems due to restrictions on pipe diameters and complicated availability of communications Materials and methods. To assess the corrosion activity of water and determine the possibility of calcium carbonate release, various indices can be used: Langelier, Risner, Snow-Jackson, etc. When monitoring water supply systems with signs of corrosion using an electron microscope, it was found that the composition of the corrosive sediment contains a large amount of zinc, and, in some cases, copper. The essence of the proposed method is that a preliminary prepared steel indicator sample cut from an uncoated pipe was placed in a container under a stream of cold or hot water in the investigated water supply system made of galvanized steel pipes (including copper-containing fittings and heat exchangers), the sample was kept under the stream for 3–4 hours until the formation of surfaces of firmly attached corrosion products (sediment). Results. Fistulas were found on horizontal sections, on turns, in places where pipelines are welded. When laying pipes in parallel in a horizontal plane, it is necessary to bypass the pipes located next to the risers, which leads to the appearance of U-shaped or U-shaped contours of horizontally laid pipes. The most obvious reason for abnormally rapid corrosion in horizontally arranged pipelines with a U-shaped connection scheme of risers is the low speed of water movement. At low velocity of water flow in pipes with a change in the direction of water movement from horizontal to vertical and down, air will accumulate on the horizontal section of the main pipeline, while sediment will accumulate on the horizontal section going to the riser. Conclusions. The experience of the survey of water supply systems of buildings shows that, first of all, it is necessary to assess the impact of water quality on corrosion of pipelines according to stability indices, which in some cases can provide an answer to the possibility of abnormally rapid corrosion.","PeriodicalId":23589,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGSU","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Классификация электрических котлов резистивного нагрева автономных водяных систем теплоснабжения 自主热水系统电热锅炉的分类
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1608-1616
А. Л. Торопов
Introduction. Electric boilers are considered as an important element of the energy transition from the use of hydrocarbon fuels to renewable energy. Electric boiler is one of the popular solutions of “Power-to-Heat” technology, widely used in households for heating with water systems with radiators and low-temperature heating devices of the “floor heating” type. The paper considers a variant of Joule heating of the coolant of heating systems, by means of which heat is released when an electric current passes through a conductive element. Materials and methods. The object of the research is the variants of designs of heat exchangers for generating heat energy using resistor heating elements of normal conductor and semiconductor type. Various variants of indirect heating of the coolant and contacts of the surface of the heating elements with the coolant are considered. Methods of comparative analysis and scoring of the applicability of various designs are used in the work. Results. The classification of electric boilers by types of heating resistors, by contact, by placement of heating elements in the heat exchanger, by the shape of the heat exchanger, by the variant heating element contact with the coolant is presented. A comparative comprehensive analysis of variants of electric heat generators is given. Conclusions. The results of comparative analysis of design variants of electric boilers show the prospectively of using semiconductor thermistors as heating elements. According to the design of the heat energy generation chamber in terms of compactness, power density and reduction of precipitation conditions for coolant stiffness, channel plate electric heat exchangers are the most effective.
介绍。电锅炉被认为是能源转型的重要组成部分,从使用碳氢化合物燃料到可再生能源。电锅炉是“电转热”技术的一种流行解决方案,广泛用于家庭使用带有散热器的水系统和“地板采暖”型的低温采暖装置。本文考虑了加热系统冷却剂焦耳加热的一种变体,当电流通过导电元件时,通过焦耳加热释放热量。材料和方法。研究的对象是利用普通导体和半导体型电阻加热元件产生热能的热交换器的各种设计。考虑了冷却剂的各种间接加热和加热元件表面与冷却剂的接触。在工作中采用了对各种设计的适用性进行比较分析和评分的方法。结果。按加热电阻的类型、接触方式、加热元件在热交换器中的位置、热交换器的形状、加热元件与冷却剂接触的不同方式对电锅炉进行了分类。对不同型号的电热发生器进行了比较综合分析。结论。通过对电锅炉设计变量的对比分析,显示了采用半导体热敏电阻作为加热元件的前景。根据热能产生室的设计,在紧凑性、功率密度和减少冷却剂刚度沉淀条件方面,槽板式电换热器是最有效的。
{"title":"Классификация электрических котлов резистивного нагрева автономных водяных систем теплоснабжения","authors":"А. Л. Торопов","doi":"10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1608-1616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1608-1616","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Electric boilers are considered as an important element of the energy transition from the use of hydrocarbon fuels to renewable energy. Electric boiler is one of the popular solutions of “Power-to-Heat” technology, widely used in households for heating with water systems with radiators and low-temperature heating devices of the “floor heating” type. The paper considers a variant of Joule heating of the coolant of heating systems, by means of which heat is released when an electric current passes through a conductive element. Materials and methods. The object of the research is the variants of designs of heat exchangers for generating heat energy using resistor heating elements of normal conductor and semiconductor type. Various variants of indirect heating of the coolant and contacts of the surface of the heating elements with the coolant are considered. Methods of comparative analysis and scoring of the applicability of various designs are used in the work. Results. The classification of electric boilers by types of heating resistors, by contact, by placement of heating elements in the heat exchanger, by the shape of the heat exchanger, by the variant heating element contact with the coolant is presented. A comparative comprehensive analysis of variants of electric heat generators is given. Conclusions. The results of comparative analysis of design variants of electric boilers show the prospectively of using semiconductor thermistors as heating elements. According to the design of the heat energy generation chamber in terms of compactness, power density and reduction of precipitation conditions for coolant stiffness, channel plate electric heat exchangers are the most effective.","PeriodicalId":23589,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGSU","volume":"39 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Реализация государственной политики на основе проектов строительства объектов промышленности в особых экономических зонах 根据特定经济区工业项目执行国家政策
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1627-1646
Н. Г. Верстина, Д. З. Искандаров
Introduction. The current economic conditions in the Russian Federation have significantly changed the priorities of state policy in the field of industrial development, which is expressed in the provision of an effective policy of spatial planning and creation of industrial facilities in regions where there are favourable conditions for this. One of the directions of the implementation of these policy priorities is the use of special economic zones (SEZ) with technological infrastructure for the implementation projects for the construction of industrial facilities on their territories. In this regard, it is relevant to develop a set of methods that contribute implementation of state policy in the field of industry, which will provide an objective assessment of prospects for the implementation of industrial construction projects in the SEZ, considering their advantages for the participants of the investment and construction process. Materials and methods. The initial materials of the study were the data of official statistics of the Russian Federation, characterizing investment processes in the industrial sector of the country. The methodological basis of the work was the provisions of theories of infographic modelling, functional systems, and statistical research methods — regression and correlation analysis, which are aimed at establishing the significance of indicators affecting the effectiveness of management and prospects for implementation of industrial construction projects in the SEZ. Results. As a result of the research, a set of indicators characterizing the prospects for implementation of industrial construction projects in the SEZ based on a comprehensive analysis of the project environment that surrounds it was formed. Analytical dependencies of the performance indicators of investment and construction organizations carrying out the construction of industrial facilities were established and formalized, allowing to determine the closeness of connection of these indicators and under conditions of variability of their values, which formed the basis of the developed set of evaluation methods. Conclusions. The developed approach to assessing the prospects for implementation of industrial construction projects in the SEZ allows expanding the information base for making managerial decisions when choosing locations for new industrial facilities, based on the specification of the conditions for implementation of project activities by its participants, established in the regions of the country. Improving of the state statistics data system in the proposed directions can expand the representativeness and range of analytics for decision-making.
介绍。俄罗斯联邦目前的经济状况大大改变了工业发展领域国家政策的优先次序,这表现在提供有效的空间规划政策和在具备有利条件的地区建立工业设施。执行这些优先政策的方向之一是利用具有技术基础设施的经济特区来执行在其领土上建造工业设施的项目。在这方面,制定一套有助于在工业领域实施国家政策的方法是相关的,这将为在经济特区实施工业建设项目的前景提供客观评估,考虑到它们对投资和建设过程参与者的优势。材料和方法。这项研究的最初材料是俄罗斯联邦的官方统计数据,其中描述了该国工业部门的投资过程。这项工作的方法论基础是提供信息图建模、功能系统和统计研究方法-回归和相关分析的理论,旨在确定影响经济特区管理有效性的指标的重要性和实施工业建设项目的前景。结果。研究的结果是,在综合分析经济特区周边项目环境的基础上,形成了一套表征经济特区工业建设项目实施前景的指标。建立并形式化了实施工业设施建设的投资和建设组织绩效指标的分析依赖关系,从而确定了这些指标之间的紧密联系以及它们的值的可变性条件,从而形成了开发的一套评价方法的基础。结论。评估在经济特区实施工业建筑项目前景的发展方法,可以扩大资料库,以便在选择新工业设施地点时,根据在该国各区域建立的参与者实施项目活动的具体条件,作出管理决定。在建议的方向上完善国家统计数据体系,可以扩大决策分析的代表性和范围。
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引用次数: 0
Опасные геологические процессы на участках объектов незавершенного строительства 未完成建筑工地危险地质过程
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1599-1607
А. Л. Суздалева, М. Ю. Слесарев, И. Ю. Яковлева
Introduction. The purpose of the research is to study the regularities of development of hazardous geological processes caused by the termination of construction of buildings for a long time. These processes include any changes in the Earth’s crust that can have a negative impact on the living conditions of the population and cause economic damage. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the territory of Moscow, as well as Moscow and Kaluga regions. The subject of the study was the natural and technical system formed in the process of destruction of incomplete construction objects. Special attention was paid to the territories surrounding the long-term abandoned buildings, where no work had been carried out for many years. Results. On the territories surrounding the abandoned incomplete objects, the greatest danger are: suffosion, karst, erosion, landslides, liquefaction of soils and rocks, causing a decrease in their strength. The generalized analysis of the obtained data made it possible to create a classification of incomplete construction objects. It simultaneously takes into account the condition of building structures and hazardous changes in the surrounding area. The practical application of the classification will provide a systemic character of activities aimed at solving the problem of abandoned buildings. Assigning a certain status to an unfinished construction object can serve as a justification for its restoration or liquidation. A programme for depreservation of incomplete objects was developed. Conclusions. An adequate idea of the impact of an unfinished construction project on living conditions in the city can only be given by studying the natural and technical system that formed during the period of stoppage of work. Its main elements are: an incomplete building and a site where the development of hazardous processes caused by destruction is observed. It is necessary to create an information array on incomplete construction objects, which would include long-term abandoned buildings that are not subject to restoration. The depreservation of incomplete buildings for their further construction should be carried out after a mandatory study of tendencies in the development of dangerous geological processes that occurred during the period of construction stoppage.
介绍。本研究的目的是研究由于建筑物长期停止施工而引起的危险地质过程的发展规律。这些过程包括地壳的任何变化,这些变化可能对人口的生活条件产生负面影响并造成经济损失。材料和方法。这项研究是在莫斯科以及莫斯科和卡卢加地区进行的。研究对象是不完整建筑对象在破坏过程中形成的自然技术体系。特别注意的是长期被遗弃的建筑物周围的领土,那里多年来没有进行任何工作。结果。在被遗弃的不完整的物体周围,最大的危险是:浸水、喀斯特、侵蚀、滑坡、土壤和岩石的液化,导致它们的强度下降。对获得的数据进行广义分析,可以创建不完整建筑对象的分类。它同时考虑了建筑结构的状况和周围地区的危险变化。该分类的实际应用将使旨在解决废弃建筑物问题的活动具有系统的特点。为未完成的建筑对象指定某种状态可以作为恢复或清算的理由。制定了一项保护残缺物品的方案。结论。只有通过研究停工期间形成的自然和技术系统,才能充分了解未完工的建设项目对城市生活条件的影响。它的主要元素是:一个不完整的建筑和一个由破坏引起的危险过程发展的场地。有必要创建一个关于不完整建筑对象的信息阵列,其中包括长期废弃的不受修复的建筑。对残缺建筑物的保护,应当在对停工期间发生的危险地质作用的发展趋势进行强制性研究后进行。
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引用次数: 0
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