This manuscript provides a brief introduction and overview of four companion papers that focus on the evolution of oxygen uptake and delivery to tissues. Although major emphasis is placed on the characteristics of erythrocytes and the hemoglobin they contain and how these characteristics vary by taxa in response to environmental influences and metabolic requirements, the accompanying evolution of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and their interactions with erythrocytes are also discussed. In addition, the similarities and differences in erythropoiesis and the presence of immature erythrocytes in blood across taxa are presented.
{"title":"The evolution of erythrocytes and oxygen delivery in vertebrate animals: Introduction.","authors":"John W Harvey","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This manuscript provides a brief introduction and overview of four companion papers that focus on the evolution of oxygen uptake and delivery to tissues. Although major emphasis is placed on the characteristics of erythrocytes and the hemoglobin they contain and how these characteristics vary by taxa in response to environmental influences and metabolic requirements, the accompanying evolution of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and their interactions with erythrocytes are also discussed. In addition, the similarities and differences in erythropoiesis and the presence of immature erythrocytes in blood across taxa are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In small animals, serum total thyroxine concentration (TT4) is an important parameter used to assess thyroid function in patients. In rabbits, no information is available on the prevalence of thyroid disease and its diagnosis by laboratory methods. The aim of this study was to establish a device- and method-specific reference interval for TT4 in clinically healthy rabbits.
Objectives and Methods
TT4 concentrations were determined by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) in 120 clinically healthy pet rabbits (median age 36 months); the study population was divided into age groups (Group 1: 7–24 months, Group 2: 25–59 months, Group 3: > 60 months). The pet rabbits were kept indoors, outdoors, and indoor/outdoor. The reference interval (95 percentile) was calculated using SPSS (IBM, version 28.0) according to the standard of the ASVCP.
Results
A median TT4 concentration of 0.8 μg/dL (10.28 nmol/L) and a reference interval of 0.6–1.98 μg/dL (7.71–25.44 nmol/L) were determined. No statistically significant differences were found for sex (p = 0.889), age (p = 0.176), and between animals in indoor and outdoor housing (p = 0.967). Highly significant differences were observed between indoor and indoor/outdoor housing (p = 0.002) and significant differences between outdoor and indoor/outdoor housing (p = 0.006).
Conclusions
Concentrations of TT4 in pet rabbits measured by chemiluminescence appear to be independent of sex and age. Laboratory and device-specific reference intervals for pet rabbits should be used to avoid the influence of different methods, devices, calculation methods, and sample size.
{"title":"Serum Total Thyroxine Concentrations in Clinically Healthy Pet Rabbits","authors":"Jana Liebscher, Elisabeth Müller, Kerstin Müller","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In small animals, serum total thyroxine concentration (TT<sub>4</sub>) is an important parameter used to assess thyroid function in patients. In rabbits, no information is available on the prevalence of thyroid disease and its diagnosis by laboratory methods. The aim of this study was to establish a device- and method-specific reference interval for TT<sub>4</sub> in clinically healthy rabbits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TT<sub>4</sub> concentrations were determined by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) in 120 clinically healthy pet rabbits (median age 36 months); the study population was divided into age groups (Group 1: 7–24 months, Group 2: 25–59 months, Group 3: > 60 months). The pet rabbits were kept indoors, outdoors, and indoor/outdoor. The reference interval (95 percentile) was calculated using SPSS (IBM, version 28.0) according to the standard of the ASVCP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A median TT<sub>4</sub> concentration of 0.8 μg/dL (10.28 nmol/L) and a reference interval of 0.6–1.98 μg/dL (7.71–25.44 nmol/L) were determined. No statistically significant differences were found for sex (<i>p</i> = 0.889), age (<i>p</i> = 0.176), and between animals in indoor and outdoor housing (<i>p</i> = 0.967). Highly significant differences were observed between indoor and indoor/outdoor housing (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and significant differences between outdoor and indoor/outdoor housing (<i>p</i> = 0.006).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concentrations of TT<sub>4</sub> in pet rabbits measured by chemiluminescence appear to be independent of sex and age. Laboratory and device-specific reference intervals for pet rabbits should be used to avoid the influence of different methods, devices, calculation methods, and sample size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Donato Barbosa Alves-Junior, Tiago Cunha Ferreira, Diana Célia Sousa Nunes-Pinheiro
Objective
This study evaluated the dynamics of blood immune-inflammatory biomarkers in response to exercise-induced changes in jumping horses.
Methods
For this purpose, adult Brazilian Sport Horses (n = 9), aged 10.1 years, both sexes, underwent a specific training test consisting of warm-up, flatwork, and jumping exercises, and recovery on a 900 m2 sand track over 40 min. Clinical examinations and blood collections were performed at three time points: before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 h after (T2) the final exercise. Hematologic and biochemical parameters, such as total protein, globulin, albumin, creatinine, lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined, and thus were calculated the following biomarkers: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk tests, ANOVA, Tukey tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests.
Results
Significant changes were found in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as in lactate, CPK, LDH, and glucose levels over time. Regarding the biomarkers, significant changes were observed: T0 to T1 in NAR, PLR, SIRI, and SII; T1 to T2 in NAR, PLR, NLR, AGR, SIRI, and SII; T0 to T2 in SIRI.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that equestrian exercises promote changes in integrative immune-inflammatory biomarkers, making them promising for monitoring the performance of jumping horses.
目的：本研究评估了跳马在运动诱导下血液免疫炎症生物标志物的动态变化。方法：为此目的，成年巴西运动马（n = 9），年龄为10.1岁，男女皆有，进行了一项特殊的训练测试，包括热身、平举、跳跃练习和在900平方米的沙道上恢复40分钟。分别在运动前（T0）、运动后立即（T1）和运动后1 h （T2）三个时间点进行临床检查和采血。测定血液学和生化参数，如总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、肌酐、乳酸、葡萄糖、肌酸激酶（CPK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），从而计算以下生物标志物：中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值（NAR）、白蛋白与球蛋白比值（AGR）、白蛋白-肌酐比值（ACR）、全身免疫炎症指数（SII）和全身炎症反应指数（SIRI）。数据分析采用Shapiro-Wilk检验、方差分析、Tukey检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn检验。结果：随着时间的推移，心率（HR）和呼吸频率（RR）以及乳酸、CPK、LDH和葡萄糖水平发生了显著变化。在生物标志物方面，观察到显著变化：NAR、PLR、SIRI和SII从T0到T1；NAR、PLR、NLR、AGR、SIRI和SII的T1至T2；SIRI中的T0到T2。结论：这项研究表明，马术运动促进了综合免疫炎症生物标志物的变化，这使得它们有望监测跳马的表现。
{"title":"Are Immune-Integrative Biomarkers Predictors of Systemic Inflammation in Show Jumping Horses?","authors":"Carlos Donato Barbosa Alves-Junior, Tiago Cunha Ferreira, Diana Célia Sousa Nunes-Pinheiro","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the dynamics of blood immune-inflammatory biomarkers in response to exercise-induced changes in jumping horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this purpose, adult Brazilian Sport Horses (<i>n</i> = 9), aged 10.1 years, both sexes, underwent a specific training test consisting of warm-up, flatwork, and jumping exercises, and recovery on a 900 m<sup>2</sup> sand track over 40 min. Clinical examinations and blood collections were performed at three time points: before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 h after (T2) the final exercise. Hematologic and biochemical parameters, such as total protein, globulin, albumin, creatinine, lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined, and thus were calculated the following biomarkers: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk tests, ANOVA, Tukey tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant changes were found in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as in lactate, CPK, LDH, and glucose levels over time. Regarding the biomarkers, significant changes were observed: T0 to T1 in NAR, PLR, SIRI, and SII; T1 to T2 in NAR, PLR, NLR, AGR, SIRI, and SII; T0 to T2 in SIRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that equestrian exercises promote changes in integrative immune-inflammatory biomarkers, making them promising for monitoring the performance of jumping horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda O. Alcantara, Bianca M. M. Reis, Juliana G. Fonseca, Maíra A. C. Sousa, Vitor Hugo A. Roxo, Guilherme J. Souza, Fúlvia de Fátima A. Castro, Guilherme N. Souza, Jorlan Fernandes, Elba Regina S. Lemos, Aline M. Souza
Background
Snakebite envenomation is a worldwide public health issue, particularly relevant to low and middle-income countries. Bothrops spp. antivenom is needed for snakebite treatment, which requires the maintenance of healthy snakes in captivity. Hematology and clinical biochemistry are important tools for monitoring the health status of these animals, as well as detecting hemoparasites (i.e., Hepatozoon spp.).
Objectives
This study aims to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals in a population of captive B. jararaca in a Brazilian serpentarium and assess blood cell morphology.
Methods
Blood samples of 32 specimens of captive B. jararaca were collected and analyzed for complete blood count and biochemical variables, such as total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatine kinase. Blood smears were also evaluated to investigate blood parasites. Each variable was statistically analyzed according to the ASVCP guidelines and compared between sexes and the occurrence of Hepatozoon spp.
Results
This study establishes the hematology and clinical biochemistry reference intervals and describes B. jararaca blood cell morphology. We observed no differences between sexes.
Conclusions
Our study provides the first reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical variables for B. jararaca on the basis of ASCVP recommendations. The RI described could be essential for the management and treatment of B. jararaca kept under similar captive conditions.
{"title":"Hematology, Clinical Biochemistry, and Blood Cell Morphology Features of Captive Bothrops jararaca From Southeast Brazil","authors":"Amanda O. Alcantara, Bianca M. M. Reis, Juliana G. Fonseca, Maíra A. C. Sousa, Vitor Hugo A. Roxo, Guilherme J. Souza, Fúlvia de Fátima A. Castro, Guilherme N. Souza, Jorlan Fernandes, Elba Regina S. Lemos, Aline M. Souza","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Snakebite envenomation is a worldwide public health issue, particularly relevant to low and middle-income countries. <i>Bothrops</i> spp. antivenom is needed for snakebite treatment, which requires the maintenance of healthy snakes in captivity. Hematology and clinical biochemistry are important tools for monitoring the health status of these animals, as well as detecting hemoparasites (i.e., <i>Hepatozoon</i> spp.).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals in a population of captive <i>B. jararaca</i> in a Brazilian serpentarium and assess blood cell morphology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood samples of 32 specimens of captive <i>B. jararaca</i> were collected and analyzed for complete blood count and biochemical variables, such as total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatine kinase. Blood smears were also evaluated to investigate blood parasites. Each variable was statistically analyzed according to the ASVCP guidelines and compared between sexes and the occurrence of <i>Hepatozoon</i> spp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study establishes the hematology and clinical biochemistry reference intervals and describes <i>B. jararaca</i> blood cell morphology. We observed no differences between sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides the first reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical variables for <i>B. jararaca</i> on the basis of ASCVP recommendations. The RI described could be essential for the management and treatment of <i>B. jararaca</i> kept under similar captive conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Stacey, Andrii Trokoz, Kimberly Williams, Dorothee Bienzle
{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Fine-Needle Aspirate From a Lingual Mass in a Cat.","authors":"Emma Stacey, Andrii Trokoz, Kimberly Williams, Dorothee Bienzle","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioana Sandu, Georgiana Deak, Cosmin Muresan, Peter James O'Brien
{"title":"What Is Your Diagnosis? Blood Smear and Scatter Plots From a Dog.","authors":"Ioana Sandu, Georgiana Deak, Cosmin Muresan, Peter James O'Brien","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria K. DiCiccio, Rebecka S. Hess, Nicole M. Weinstein, Samantha Fromm, Ruth Gonzalez, Kimberly Marryott, Mary Beth Callan
Background
A pre-transfusion blood crossmatch is recommended to ensure RBC compatibility for previously transfused and transfusion-naïve cats.
Objectives
To compare 3 crossmatch methods and anti-feline globulin (AFG) enhancement for determining RBC compatibility.
Methods
Prospective study. Major crossmatches were performed using serum from 68 “recipient” cats and RBCs from 44 “donor” cats. Crossmatch methods evaluated include laboratory tube and gel column without and with AFG enhancement and an in-clinic AFG-enhanced immunochromatographic strip.
Results
Tube and gel crossmatches were performed for 211 and strip crossmatches for 133 recipient-donor pairs. RBC incompatibilities were noted in at least 1 crossmatch method for 123 recipient-donor pairs. For determination of the degree of incompatibility, there was a correlation between standard and AFG-enhanced crossmatches for both tube and gel (p < 0.001), standard tube and gel (p = 0.002), and AFG-enhanced tube and gel (p < 0.001). Twelve of 46 and 22 of 113 recipient-donor pairs deemed incompatible with tube and gel, respectively, had RBC agglutination noted only with the addition of AFG. RBC incompatibilities were noted on 15 strips, 4 of which were type A-B mismatched. Odds of detecting RBC incompatibility using strip were 2.9 (p = 0.001) and 6.1 (p < 0.001) times greater with each unit increase in the degree of incompatibility detected by standard and AFG-enhanced tube, respectively.
Conclusions
The clinical relevance of any observed RBC incompatibilities, other than known A-B mismatches, is unknown. While the strip crossmatch is simple to perform and interpret, it might not be sufficiently sensitive to detect weaker RBC incompatibilities.
{"title":"Comparison of Three Feline Crossmatch Methods—Tube, Gel Column, and Immunochromatographic Strip","authors":"Victoria K. DiCiccio, Rebecka S. Hess, Nicole M. Weinstein, Samantha Fromm, Ruth Gonzalez, Kimberly Marryott, Mary Beth Callan","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pre-transfusion blood crossmatch is recommended to ensure RBC compatibility for previously transfused and transfusion-naïve cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare 3 crossmatch methods and anti-feline globulin (AFG) enhancement for determining RBC compatibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study. Major crossmatches were performed using serum from 68 “recipient” cats and RBCs from 44 “donor” cats. Crossmatch methods evaluated include laboratory tube and gel column without and with AFG enhancement and an in-clinic AFG-enhanced immunochromatographic strip.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tube and gel crossmatches were performed for 211 and strip crossmatches for 133 recipient-donor pairs. RBC incompatibilities were noted in at least 1 crossmatch method for 123 recipient-donor pairs. For determination of the degree of incompatibility, there was a correlation between standard and AFG-enhanced crossmatches for both tube and gel (<i>p</i> < 0.001), standard tube and gel (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and AFG-enhanced tube and gel (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Twelve of 46 and 22 of 113 recipient-donor pairs deemed incompatible with tube and gel, respectively, had RBC agglutination noted only with the addition of AFG. RBC incompatibilities were noted on 15 strips, 4 of which were type A-B mismatched. Odds of detecting RBC incompatibility using strip were 2.9 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and 6.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) times greater with each unit increase in the degree of incompatibility detected by standard and AFG-enhanced tube, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clinical relevance of any observed RBC incompatibilities, other than known A-B mismatches, is unknown. While the strip crossmatch is simple to perform and interpret, it might not be sufficiently sensitive to detect weaker RBC incompatibilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Kéfer, Hélène Machiels, Gaëlle Vincken, Clare Pitchford, Élodie Roels
A 7-year-old female intact pug was presented for a six-month history of cough, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. Treatment with fenbendazole was initiated 3 days before referral based on a positive blood quantitative PCR for Angiostrongylus vasorum (A. vasorum) without improvement of the clinical signs. The dog lived in Belgium with a traveling history to Corsica and Canada. On physical examination, the dog was tachypneic with expiratory dyspnea. Mild non-regenerative anemia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, and basophilia were identified on hematology. Biochemistry revealed hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. The protein capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) identified a restricted polyclonal (or oligoclonal) peak in the beta-globulin region and a tall and narrow peak in the gamma-globulin region, suggestive of either restricted polyclonal or monoclonal gammopathy. Further diagnostic investigations included thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, snap test 4Dx, Leishmania spp. serology, and Leishmania spp. PCR on bone marrow aspirates. Severe proteinuria was noted with a urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 7.54. No infectious agents other than A. vasorum were identified. Treatment with fenbendazole was pursued for 7 days, followed by a spot-on application of imidacloprid/moxidectin combined with tapering the anti-inflammatory dose of steroids, with complete resolution of the respiratory signs. At 1-month recheck, hyperglobulinemia and proteinuria completely resolved, and the thoracic radiographic images improved. To the authors' knowledge, this case is the first to describe such a gammopathy associated with chronic angiostrongylosis.
{"title":"Unusual Electrophoretic Pattern in a Dog Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum","authors":"Alice Kéfer, Hélène Machiels, Gaëlle Vincken, Clare Pitchford, Élodie Roels","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 7-year-old female intact pug was presented for a six-month history of cough, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. Treatment with fenbendazole was initiated 3 days before referral based on a positive blood quantitative PCR for <i>Angiostrongylus vasorum (A. vasorum)</i> without improvement of the clinical signs. The dog lived in Belgium with a traveling history to Corsica and Canada. On physical examination, the dog was tachypneic with expiratory dyspnea. Mild non-regenerative anemia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, and basophilia were identified on hematology. Biochemistry revealed hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. The protein capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) identified a restricted polyclonal (or oligoclonal) peak in the beta-globulin region and a tall and narrow peak in the gamma-globulin region, suggestive of either restricted polyclonal or monoclonal gammopathy. Further diagnostic investigations included thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, snap test 4Dx, <i>Leishmania</i> spp. serology, and <i>Leishmania</i> spp. PCR on bone marrow aspirates. Severe proteinuria was noted with a urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 7.54. No infectious agents other than <i>A. vasorum</i> were identified. Treatment with fenbendazole was pursued for 7 days, followed by a spot-on application of imidacloprid/moxidectin combined with tapering the anti-inflammatory dose of steroids, with complete resolution of the respiratory signs. At 1-month recheck, hyperglobulinemia and proteinuria completely resolved, and the thoracic radiographic images improved. To the authors' knowledge, this case is the first to describe such a gammopathy associated with chronic angiostrongylosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dunkin Hartley guinea pig is a common guinea pig strain used by researchers, but studies about the stability of Dunkin Hartley guinea pig blood samples stored at different temperatures are limited.
Objectives
The study aimed to evaluate storage factors of complete blood count (CBC) in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs.
Methods
We collected 2 mL blood samples from 20 Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (weighted 250–300 g, 5–6 weeks, 10 males and 10 females) with 2 EDTA-K2 vacuum tubes and performed CBC with a Hemavet 950FS analyzer at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after storage at 4°C and 23°C–25°C, respectively. Analysis of the effect of the testing time, storage temperature, and sex on CBC was carried out by three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA).
Results
The results showed that white blood cells (WBCs), heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, and red blood cells (RBCs) remained stable over time in 4°C storage. Only WBC, monocyte counts, and RBC remained stable over time with storage at 23°C–25°C. No differences were observed between 4°C and 23°C–25°C for WBCs and platelet count (PLT), but PLT was significantly increased from 96 h to 120 h at 4°C storage and at 72 h and 96 h at 23°C–25°C storage.
Conclusions
When CBC in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs has to be delayed, storing samples at 4°C is preferred, and the storage time should not exceed 24 h.
{"title":"Effect of Storage at 4°C vs. 23°C–25°C on Complete Blood Counts in Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pigs","authors":"Yan-Ni Huang, Yu-Han Xie, Jian-An Ling, Rui-Ze Chen, Song-Wen Fu, Jing Xie, Michael Aschner, Yue-Ming Jiang","doi":"10.1111/vcp.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vcp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dunkin Hartley guinea pig is a common guinea pig strain used by researchers, but studies about the stability of Dunkin Hartley guinea pig blood samples stored at different temperatures are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to evaluate storage factors of complete blood count (CBC) in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected 2 mL blood samples from 20 Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (weighted 250–300 g, 5–6 weeks, 10 males and 10 females) with 2 EDTA-K<sub>2</sub> vacuum tubes and performed CBC with a Hemavet 950FS analyzer at 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after storage at 4°C and 23°C–25°C, respectively. Analysis of the effect of the testing time, storage temperature, and sex on CBC was carried out by three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that white blood cells (WBCs), heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, and red blood cells (RBCs) remained stable over time in 4°C storage. Only WBC, monocyte counts, and RBC remained stable over time with storage at 23°C–25°C. No differences were observed between 4°C and 23°C–25°C for WBCs and platelet count (PLT), but PLT was significantly increased from 96 h to 120 h at 4°C storage and at 72 h and 96 h at 23°C–25°C storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When CBC in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs has to be delayed, storing samples at 4°C is preferred, and the storage time should not exceed 24 h.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23593,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary clinical pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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