Veterinary clinical pathology最新文献

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first canine oligodendroglioma case series to document the high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings along with Wright-Giemsa stained intraoperative cytology findings, coupled with H&E and immunohistochemistry, and interpreted under the 2018 Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium (CBTC) criteria. All dogs in this case series presented with a history of chronic seizures. MRI findings for all cranial masses were T1 hypointense to isointense (Case 3) and T2 hyperintense. Cytologic characteristics of all cases included neoplastic cells haphazardly arranged in aggregates, embedded in an extracellular pink fibrillar to mucoid appearing matrix, and often associated with capillaries. Histologically, Case 1 (high-grade) and 3 (low-grade) had an oligodendroglioma morphology, while Case 2 had an undefined morphology. All cases were strongly immunoreactive to Olig2. Cases 1 and 2 were strongly immunoreactive to CNPase and had robust immunoreactivity to GFAP. This case series highlights that Wright-Giemsa intra-operative squash preparations stain can support a presumptive diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.

Background: Dirofilariosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is associated with cardiovascular damage and systemic inflammation in dogs.

Objectives: This study aimed to present preliminary data on the evaluation of serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentration as a potential biomarker of inflammation in dogs naturally infected with D. immitis, with and without microfilaremia.

Methods: Thirty dogs were categorized into three groups: microfilaremic seropositives (G1, n = 10), amicrofilaremic seropositives (G2, n = 10), and negative controls (CG, n = 10). Serum Hp concentrations were measured using a colorimetric assay and analyzed via one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test.

Results: Median Hp levels were 10.0 mg/dL (G1), 9.1 mg/dL (G2), and 13.7 mg/dL (CG), with no significant differences among groups. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between microfilarial burden and Hp levels (p = 0.651).

Conclusions: Despite D. immitis infection, Hp concentration did not provide evidence of an inflammatory response in G1 and G2. While previous studies reported decreased Hp in microfilaremic dogs, our findings did not confirm this trend. The seropositive dogs in this study did not show clinical signs, indicating they had relatively mild infections, which may at least in part explain these results. The small sample size and lack of other acute-phase protein assessments restrict the generalizability of our findings and, thus, this study provides limited information about acute phase response dynamics. Nevertheless, these preliminary results highlight the complexity of Hp behavior in D. immitis infection and emphasize the need for further research.

Backgrounds: Studies investigating the influence of sampling methods on point-of-care viscoelastic test (VCM Vet) results are limited.

Objectives: Investigating the impact of blood sampling methods on VCM Vet results in dogs, and determining if results are affected by hematological parameters, and blood sampling difficulty.

Methods: Two VCM assays were performed on 52 healthy dogs. Blood sample was first collected from a direct jugular venipuncture on all dogs to run a baseline VCM Vet assay, perform a CBC, and measure fibrinogen concentration. A second VCM Vet assay was performed one hour later with blood sampling methods randomized as follows: contralateral jugular using a vacutainer, direct stick in a saphenous vein, or blood sampling via a cephalic intravenous catheter.

Results: Reference intervals were established for each VCM Vet parameter with the first blood sample. The intra-class correlation (ICC) between sampling methods was poor (< 0.5). There was a weak positive correlation between hematocrit and CT (p < 0.042), a weak negative correlation between platelet count and CFT (p < 0.01), and a weak positive correlation between platelet count and alpha (p = 0.002), A10 (p < 0.001), A20 (p < 0.001), and MCF (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Sampling protocols influence VCM Vet results. Each sampling method is reliable but not correlated. Follow-up on a patient should be performed using the same sampling method and site. CBC results should be known before interpreting results.

In dogs, the WDF and WNR scattergrams from the Sysmex XN-1000V enable a highly presumptive interpretation of mastocytemia. This is the first description of abnormal circulating mast cells using the Sysmex XN-1000V, which appears to function similarly to the previous analyzer, the Sysmex XT-2000iV.

Background: The periparturient period in dairy cows is marked by negative energy balance (NEB), resulting in metabolic stress and an increased risk of postpartum diseases. Accurate assessment of NEB through blood β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) levels is essential for effective herd management. Point-of-care (POC) devices, such as the CentriVet blood ketone monitoring system, offer a practical alternative to laboratory methods for measuring β-OHB.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and analytical performance of the CentriVet blood ketone monitoring system compared to a laboratory reference method for measuring blood β-OHB concentration in postpartum dairy cattle.

Methods: A total of 105 postpartum dairy cows from two farms were included. Blood samples were analyzed for β-OHB using both CentriVet and a reference enzymatic method. Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman plots, and kappa statistics were used to assess agreement. Diagnostic accuracy metrics (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy) were calculated at a cut-off value of ≥ 1.2 mmol/L. An optimized cut-off value was determined via ROC curve analysis.

Results: CentriVet demonstrated a moderate correlation with the reference method (Spearman's r = 0.701, p < 0.001). Passing-Bablok regression revealed proportional bias, and Bland-Altman analysis indicated a mean bias of -0.4 mmol/L. Diagnostic metrics at ≥ 1.2 mmol/L showed 100% sensitivity, 68.09% specificity, and 71.4% accuracy. ROC analysis yielded an optimized cut-off of > 1.5 mmol/L, improving specificity (95.7%) but reducing sensitivity (81.8%).

Conclusions: While CentriVet offers practical benefits, its diagnostic performance is limited for accurately identifying hyperketonemia in postpartum dairy cattle.

Background: Assessment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cytologic smears is used as a phenotyping tool for hematopoietic and solid tissue neoplasms in dogs. Different procedures that vary in substrate-dye combinations, fixative, incubation times, and nuclear counterstains are available for detection of ALP activity. It is unknown if these procedures provide comparable results for phenotyping tumors in the same animal.

Objective: To compare results obtained with three ALP cytochemical procedures in blasts in blood and tissue aspirate smears from dogs with previously diagnosed leukemia: naphthol-AS-MX phosphate/fast blue (fast blue), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium (BCIP/NBT), and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphate/fast red violet LB (fast red).

Methods: Smears of blood, bone marrow, and lymph node from 54 dogs prospectively enrolled in a multi-institutional study on acute leukemia were stained and assessed. One observer counted the percentage of positive blasts and quantified staining intensity on a scale of 1-3. Cases were classified as acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, or acute lineage-negative leukemia based on flow cytometric analysis and myeloperoxidase cytochemical staining.

Results: The fast blue procedure yielded a significantly higher median percentage of ALP-positive blasts (48%) than the BCIP/NBT (46%) or fast red (42%) procedure despite similar median staining intensities. The proportion of samples that would have been classified as ALP-positive was similar (40/54 fast blue, 39/54 BCIP/NBT, and 37/54 fast red).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the three procedures can be used interchangeably for determining ALP activity in blasts of dogs with leukemia.