Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218292
P. Loh, D. G. Holmes, T. Lipo
Cascaded multilevel inverters can be implemented using single-phase modular power bridges, each having their own DSP processor and associated control circuitry. This paper presents details of how these bridges should be operated to synchronise their PWM carriers and fundamental references to implement a cascaded inverter with distributed PWM computation. The paper begins by detailing performance degradations that can occur when phase synchronisation and regular sampling errors exist between the multiple carriers and three-phase references. Details describing the master/slave synchronisation and signal protocols, and timing and sampling considerations to achieve optimum harmonic cancellation and reduced common mode voltage, are then presented to achieve overall optimal system performance. The accuracy and proper synchronisation of the cascaded bridges have been confirmed through the close match between simulation and experimental results obtained using a modular cascaded five-level inverter.
{"title":"Synchronisation of distributed PWM cascaded multilevel inverters with minimal harmonic distortion and common mode voltage","authors":"P. Loh, D. G. Holmes, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218292","url":null,"abstract":"Cascaded multilevel inverters can be implemented using single-phase modular power bridges, each having their own DSP processor and associated control circuitry. This paper presents details of how these bridges should be operated to synchronise their PWM carriers and fundamental references to implement a cascaded inverter with distributed PWM computation. The paper begins by detailing performance degradations that can occur when phase synchronisation and regular sampling errors exist between the multiple carriers and three-phase references. Details describing the master/slave synchronisation and signal protocols, and timing and sampling considerations to achieve optimum harmonic cancellation and reduced common mode voltage, are then presented to achieve overall optimal system performance. The accuracy and proper synchronisation of the cascaded bridges have been confirmed through the close match between simulation and experimental results obtained using a modular cascaded five-level inverter.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124259201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218325
H. E. Akhter, V. Sharma, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad
The value of turn-on and turn off angles are important factors in developing positive or negative, high or low electromagnetic torque in switched reluctance motor (SRM) and lead to stable or unstable operation of the drive. This paper presents the performance of a 4 kW 8/6-pole configuration SRM drive through modeling and simulation for optimum and fixed value of switching-on and -off angles. Normally, these switching angles depend upon the motor speed and are varied with acceleration. In this paper, the analysis is conducted to arrive at an optimum pair of switching angle for full-load starting and stable operation of the drive. The simulated performance of SRM drive system is presented to analyze the effect of switching angles on transient and steady state performance of the drive in terms of speed, current and torque response. The merit of fixed switching angle control schemes is highlighted.
{"title":"Modeling simulation and performance analysis of switched reluctance motor operating with optimum value of fixed turn-on and turn-off switching angles","authors":"H. E. Akhter, V. Sharma, A. Chandra, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218325","url":null,"abstract":"The value of turn-on and turn off angles are important factors in developing positive or negative, high or low electromagnetic torque in switched reluctance motor (SRM) and lead to stable or unstable operation of the drive. This paper presents the performance of a 4 kW 8/6-pole configuration SRM drive through modeling and simulation for optimum and fixed value of switching-on and -off angles. Normally, these switching angles depend upon the motor speed and are varied with acceleration. In this paper, the analysis is conducted to arrive at an optimum pair of switching angle for full-load starting and stable operation of the drive. The simulated performance of SRM drive system is presented to analyze the effect of switching angles on transient and steady state performance of the drive in terms of speed, current and torque response. The merit of fixed switching angle control schemes is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116865914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1216621
K. Rustom, W. Qiu, C. Lannello, I. Batarseh
A unified behavioral model based on the flyback transformer, including its leakage inductance, is presented in this paper. The proposed switched transformer model is applicable to simulate topology-independent converters under both continuous (CCM) and discontinuous (DCM) conduction modes. The model can be used in modeling more complicated converter topologies with nonidealities, such as leakage inductance and snubber networks. Simulation results using the proposed model show the over-looked effect of the transformer leakage inductance on the high frequency transfer function response of the flyback converter. The time domain simulation results show a good accuracy and significant reduction in the simulation time.
{"title":"Unified flyback switching-cell model including the leakage inductance effects for SPICE simulation","authors":"K. Rustom, W. Qiu, C. Lannello, I. Batarseh","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1216621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1216621","url":null,"abstract":"A unified behavioral model based on the flyback transformer, including its leakage inductance, is presented in this paper. The proposed switched transformer model is applicable to simulate topology-independent converters under both continuous (CCM) and discontinuous (DCM) conduction modes. The model can be used in modeling more complicated converter topologies with nonidealities, such as leakage inductance and snubber networks. Simulation results using the proposed model show the over-looked effect of the transformer leakage inductance on the high frequency transfer function response of the flyback converter. The time domain simulation results show a good accuracy and significant reduction in the simulation time.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218150
R. Cárdenas, R. Peña, J. Clare, G. Asher
In wind-diesel systems wind speed variations can produce frequent start/stop cycles of the diesel engine in response to periods of low wind speed. Consequently, an energy buffer is very important in these schemes to avoid unnecessary deterioration of the diesel engine. In this paper, control systems for the operation of a variable speed wind-diesel system, including power smoothing, are analyzed. The power smoothing system comprises a front-end converter, a flywheel energy store and a vector controlled induction machine. The wind energy conversion system comprises a variable speed wind turbine and back to back converters for interfacing the variable speed generator to the load. Control of the power smoothing system compensates for the effects of wind variation and load disturbances. The operation of the whole system including the wind turbine, front-end converter, control of active and reactive power supply is discussed as well as the vector control system of the induction machine driving the flywheel. Simulation results for the entire system for a number of operational conditions are presented. Experimental results are provided for the control of the flywheel energy store.
{"title":"Power smoothing in a variable speed wind-diesel system","authors":"R. Cárdenas, R. Peña, J. Clare, G. Asher","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218150","url":null,"abstract":"In wind-diesel systems wind speed variations can produce frequent start/stop cycles of the diesel engine in response to periods of low wind speed. Consequently, an energy buffer is very important in these schemes to avoid unnecessary deterioration of the diesel engine. In this paper, control systems for the operation of a variable speed wind-diesel system, including power smoothing, are analyzed. The power smoothing system comprises a front-end converter, a flywheel energy store and a vector controlled induction machine. The wind energy conversion system comprises a variable speed wind turbine and back to back converters for interfacing the variable speed generator to the load. Control of the power smoothing system compensates for the effects of wind variation and load disturbances. The operation of the whole system including the wind turbine, front-end converter, control of active and reactive power supply is discussed as well as the vector control system of the induction machine driving the flywheel. Simulation results for the entire system for a number of operational conditions are presented. Experimental results are provided for the control of the flywheel energy store.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124891624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1216605
U. Senthil, B. G. Fernandes
The major disadvantage of the conventional DTC drive is the steady state ripples in torque and flux. The implications are, increase in acoustical noise, harmonic losses and incorrect speed estimation. Using space vector modulation (SVPWM) technique it is possible to reduce the mean square flux ripple up to base speed. In this paper a new hybrid SVPWM based adjustable-speed DTC drive is proposed. This hybrid modulator utilizes the zero voltage vector redundancy that leads to clamping sequences. This improves the performance of the drive compared to that using conventional sequence used in SVPWM technique at higher speeds. Simulation results show that the ripples in flux, torque and current are reduced over the entire speed range.
{"title":"Hybrid space vector pulse width modulation based direct torque controlled induction motor drive","authors":"U. Senthil, B. G. Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1216605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1216605","url":null,"abstract":"The major disadvantage of the conventional DTC drive is the steady state ripples in torque and flux. The implications are, increase in acoustical noise, harmonic losses and incorrect speed estimation. Using space vector modulation (SVPWM) technique it is possible to reduce the mean square flux ripple up to base speed. In this paper a new hybrid SVPWM based adjustable-speed DTC drive is proposed. This hybrid modulator utilizes the zero voltage vector redundancy that leads to clamping sequences. This improves the performance of the drive compared to that using conventional sequence used in SVPWM technique at higher speeds. Simulation results show that the ripples in flux, torque and current are reduced over the entire speed range.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218166
A.M. Sanchez, M. Sanz, R. Prieto, J. Oliver, J. Cobos
Analytical models are widely used for piezoelectric transformers (PTs) design. In this paper, the additional usefulness of finite element analysis (FEA) for PT design will be shown. With FEA it is possible to optimize the PT design not only by maximizing the energy transference, but cleaning the working frequency range of spurious modes (geometrical 2D/3D effects). Besides, FEA tools allow studying other interesting aspects of the PT design such as the manufacturing tolerances or the influence of the fixing layer on the PT performance (which is a critical design point). A mixed analytical and numerical design method for PT is proposed.
{"title":"Mixed analytical and numerical design method for piezoelectric transformers","authors":"A.M. Sanchez, M. Sanz, R. Prieto, J. Oliver, J. Cobos","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218166","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical models are widely used for piezoelectric transformers (PTs) design. In this paper, the additional usefulness of finite element analysis (FEA) for PT design will be shown. With FEA it is possible to optimize the PT design not only by maximizing the energy transference, but cleaning the working frequency range of spurious modes (geometrical 2D/3D effects). Besides, FEA tools allow studying other interesting aspects of the PT design such as the manufacturing tolerances or the influence of the fixing layer on the PT performance (which is a critical design point). A mixed analytical and numerical design method for PT is proposed.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125814141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218144
Lixiang Wei, T. Lipo, Ho Chan
The three-phase AC-AC converter termed the matrix converter can provide high quality input/output waveforms and adjustable input power factor without any large energy storage component. However, it has not yet found much acceptance in industry. The main reason is that it requires a complicated commutation scheme to prevent input side short circuits and output side open circuits. This paper develops a new voltage commutation scheme for the conventional matrix converter. One advantage of this scheme is that it provides robust voltage commutations for the converter without sacrificing the quality of the line side current waveforms. The second advantage is that it needs the least information from the system than any algorithm yet reported. It only detects the line side synchronization angle which can have detection errors within /spl plusmn//spl pi//6 radians under unity input power factor to provide accurate commutation. The last advantage of this scheme is that it can provide easier shut down sequences for the system. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify its effectiveness in the paper.
{"title":"Robust voltage commutation of the conventional matrix converter","authors":"Lixiang Wei, T. Lipo, Ho Chan","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218144","url":null,"abstract":"The three-phase AC-AC converter termed the matrix converter can provide high quality input/output waveforms and adjustable input power factor without any large energy storage component. However, it has not yet found much acceptance in industry. The main reason is that it requires a complicated commutation scheme to prevent input side short circuits and output side open circuits. This paper develops a new voltage commutation scheme for the conventional matrix converter. One advantage of this scheme is that it provides robust voltage commutations for the converter without sacrificing the quality of the line side current waveforms. The second advantage is that it needs the least information from the system than any algorithm yet reported. It only detects the line side synchronization angle which can have detection errors within /spl plusmn//spl pi//6 radians under unity input power factor to provide accurate commutation. The last advantage of this scheme is that it can provide easier shut down sequences for the system. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify its effectiveness in the paper.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123578563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1217749
A.C. Oliveira, C. Jacobina, Antonio M. N. Lima, E. D. da Silva
The compensation of the effects of the dead-time based on the modification of the pulse-width of the command signals requires the knowledge of the polarity of the current flowing through the power switch. This polarity defines if the pulse-width must be widened or shortened. In the zero-crossing current region it is difficult to determine the current polarity and thus the compensation may be incorrect and consequently the output inverter voltage can be distorted. This article discusses such polarity based compensation technique and proposes a solution to minimize the inverter voltage distortion in the zero-crossing current region. In the proposed solution, the polarity of the current together with its instantaneous value are employed to correct the pulse-width. The proposed solution has been tested experimentally and the results obtained were considered satisfactory when compared to the standard technique where the compensating term is kept fix no matter what are the polarity and the magnitude of the current flowing through the power switch.
{"title":"Dead-time compensation in the zero-crossing current region","authors":"A.C. Oliveira, C. Jacobina, Antonio M. N. Lima, E. D. da Silva","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1217749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1217749","url":null,"abstract":"The compensation of the effects of the dead-time based on the modification of the pulse-width of the command signals requires the knowledge of the polarity of the current flowing through the power switch. This polarity defines if the pulse-width must be widened or shortened. In the zero-crossing current region it is difficult to determine the current polarity and thus the compensation may be incorrect and consequently the output inverter voltage can be distorted. This article discusses such polarity based compensation technique and proposes a solution to minimize the inverter voltage distortion in the zero-crossing current region. In the proposed solution, the polarity of the current together with its instantaneous value are employed to correct the pulse-width. The proposed solution has been tested experimentally and the results obtained were considered satisfactory when compared to the standard technique where the compensating term is kept fix no matter what are the polarity and the magnitude of the current flowing through the power switch.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123797149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1216589
K. Sozański, R. Strzelecki
This paper describes the proposed active power filter (APF) with a new control circuit based on an algorithm using a filter bank and a harmonic predictor. The control circuit was realized using the digital signal processor ADSP-21065L and FPGA circuit. In the proposed circuit transient performance of APF is improved. The active power filter circuit has been built and tested, and some illustrative, experimental results are also presented in the paper.
{"title":"A filter bank solution for active power filter control algorithms","authors":"K. Sozański, R. Strzelecki","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1216589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1216589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the proposed active power filter (APF) with a new control circuit based on an algorithm using a filter bank and a harmonic predictor. The control circuit was realized using the digital signal processor ADSP-21065L and FPGA circuit. In the proposed circuit transient performance of APF is improved. The active power filter circuit has been built and tested, and some illustrative, experimental results are also presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115106938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-15DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218153
Sangsun Kim
Nonlinear loads generating harmonics can be unbalanced due to either supply voltage or load imbalance. In this paper, unbalanced nonlinear loads are mathematically analyzed to apply for real-time active power filter (APF) control and measurement of several important parameters such as root mean square (RMS) value, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor (PF). The proposed approach is based on a synchronous reference frame (SRF) low pass filter (LPF) for three-phase as well as single-phase system. Synchronous reference frame currents are divided into three a,b,c components which include DC, 2nd, and higher harmonic components. Those DC components are obtained from simple first order low pass filter (LPF) and used for fundamental current calculation. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach can be applied for active power filter control under unbalanced conditions.
{"title":"Harmonic reference current generation for unbalanced nonlinear loads","authors":"Sangsun Kim","doi":"10.1109/PESC.2003.1218153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2003.1218153","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear loads generating harmonics can be unbalanced due to either supply voltage or load imbalance. In this paper, unbalanced nonlinear loads are mathematically analyzed to apply for real-time active power filter (APF) control and measurement of several important parameters such as root mean square (RMS) value, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor (PF). The proposed approach is based on a synchronous reference frame (SRF) low pass filter (LPF) for three-phase as well as single-phase system. Synchronous reference frame currents are divided into three a,b,c components which include DC, 2nd, and higher harmonic components. Those DC components are obtained from simple first order low pass filter (LPF) and used for fundamental current calculation. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach can be applied for active power filter control under unbalanced conditions.","PeriodicalId":236199,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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