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2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering最新文献

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Measures vs. analytic evaluation of response time of Networked Automation Systems 网络化自动化系统响应时间的测量与分析评价
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042412
B. Addad, S. Amari, J. Lesage, B. Denis
In this paper, we present a study that deals with response time of Networked Automation Systems (NAS). The main aim is to verify experimentally the validity of an analytic formulation of NAS response time, obtained in our past investigations [12]. To that purpose, we carried out, under different conditions, a lot of measurements on a laboratory facility. Each time, we compared the observed measures to the predicted values. Overall, the study reveals clear agreement between the real observations and the theoretic predictions of our formula. It therefore promotes the formula to be used confidently for NAS response time evaluation while avoiding tedious and onerous experiments.
本文对网络化自动化系统(NAS)的响应时间进行了研究。主要目的是通过实验验证我们在过去的研究中获得的NAS响应时间解析公式的有效性[12]。为此,我们在不同的条件下,在实验室设备上进行了大量的测量。每次,我们将观察到的测量值与预测值进行比较。总的来说,这项研究揭示了实际观测结果与我们公式的理论预测之间的明确一致。因此,它促进了该公式被自信地用于NAS响应时间评估,同时避免了繁琐和繁重的实验。
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引用次数: 2
Weld pool visual sensing without external illumination 焊接池视觉感应无需外部照明
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042506
Jinchao Liu, Z. Fan, S. Olsen, K. H. Christensen, J. K. Kristensen
Visual sensing in arc welding has become more and more important, but still remains challenging because of the harsh environment with extremely strong illumination from the arc. This paper presents a low-cost camera-based sensor system, without using external Illumination, but nevertheless able to sense and model the weld pool. Central is a carefully selected optical filtering as well as an active contour-based tracking of the weld pool boundary. The system is able to extract the 2D shape of the weld pool in real time. The reported experiments show the feasibility of this approach.
弧焊中的视觉传感技术变得越来越重要,但由于弧焊环境恶劣,光线强烈,因此视觉传感技术仍然具有挑战性。本文提出了一种低成本的基于摄像机的传感器系统,该系统无需外部照明,但仍然能够感知和建模焊接熔池。中心是一个精心选择的光学滤波,以及一个主动的基于轮廓的焊缝池边界跟踪。该系统能够实时提取焊缝熔池的二维形状。实验结果表明了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 5
Requirements for the development of a decision-support solution for sustainability target cascading 为可持续性目标级联制定决策支持解决方案的需求
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042529
Lalit Patil, L. Srinivas, K. Murthy, D. Dutta, Rachuri Sudarsan
Corporations view sustainable manufacturing as a mandate for competitiveness to put them at an advantage with consumers all over the world. This paper focuses on the need for a decision support solution that transforms the current time-consuming and reactive (post-design) sustainability assessment into a proactive approach available in the early phases of product design. Such a solution should focus primarily on the key area of target cascading, evaluation, and management, which does not exist for sustainability metrics, such as carbon footprint. It is important that the handling of sustainability be compatible with handling of these traditional attributes. The emphasis on traditional attributes, such as weight, is necessary, because it is one of the most important and cost-effective ways to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases. In this paper, we discuss several challenges in addressing this problem and propose the major components of an approach to enable target cascading of sustainability attributes. We describe the the multiple requirements on the development of the approach and raise important research questions that need to be addressed.
企业将可持续制造视为提高竞争力的一种手段,使它们在与全球消费者的竞争中处于优势地位。本文着重于对决策支持解决方案的需求,该解决方案将当前耗时和反应性(设计后)可持续性评估转变为产品设计早期阶段可用的主动方法。这样的解决方案应该主要关注目标级联、评估和管理的关键领域,而可持续性指标(如碳足迹)不存在这些领域。处理可持续性与处理这些传统属性是兼容的,这一点很重要。强调重量等传统属性是必要的,因为这是提高燃油效率和减少温室气体排放的最重要和最具成本效益的方法之一。在本文中,我们讨论了解决这一问题的几个挑战,并提出了实现可持续性属性目标级联的方法的主要组成部分。我们描述了该方法发展的多重要求,并提出了需要解决的重要研究问题。
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引用次数: 2
Scheduling of cluster tools with ready time constraints for small lot production 在小批量生产的准备时间限制下对集群工具进行调度
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042518
Hyun-Jung Kim, Tae-Eog Lee
We examine a scheduling problem regarding cluster tools for small lot production. Most work on scheduling of cluster tools assumed large identical wafer lots, and examined cyclic scheduling that repeats identical work cycles. However, nowadays, the lot size tends to be extremely small, even being only 5–8 wafers whereas conventional lots have 25 identical wafers. It is not reasonable to use cyclic scheduling for such small lot production because the number of identical work cycles is too small as compared to the lengths of the starting and closing transient periods. We therefore examine a new scheduling method for cluster tools with ready time constraints on the chambers and the robot, from which the resources are freed from processing the preceding lot. To solve this scheduling problem, we develop a Petri net model which is a graphical and mathematical method for a discrete event dynamic system. Based on the Petri net model, we develop a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and a branch & bound (B&B) algorithm for determining an optimal schedule that minimizes the makespan. For a single-armed tool, the algorithm can efficiently solve the scheduling problem for lots with up to 25 wafers. However, for a dual-armed tool, the computation time grows quickly as the number of wafers increases. Therefore, we propose an approximate method that schedules only the first few wafers non-cyclically and the remaining wafers cyclically. From experiments, we conclude that the approximate method provides good solutions with less than a 1% error. The proposed methods can be used even when full lots of 25 wafers are frequently switched.
我们研究了一个关于小批量生产集群工具的调度问题。大多数关于集群工具调度的工作都假定大量相同的晶圆批,并检查重复相同工作周期的循环调度。然而,现在的批量规模往往非常小,甚至只有5-8片晶圆,而传统的批量有25片相同的晶圆。对于这样的小批量生产,使用循环调度是不合理的,因为与开始和关闭瞬态周期的长度相比,相同工作周期的数量太少了。因此,我们研究了一种新的集群工具调度方法,该方法对腔室和机器人具有就绪时间约束,从而使资源从处理前一批中解放出来。为了解决这一调度问题,我们建立了离散事件动态系统的Petri网模型,这是一种图形化和数学化的方法。基于Petri网模型,我们建立了一个混合整数规划(MIP)模型和一个分支定界(B&B)算法来确定最小化最大工期的最优调度。对于单臂工具,该算法可以有效地解决多达25片晶圆的批次调度问题。然而,对于双臂工具,计算时间随着晶圆数量的增加而迅速增长。因此,我们提出了一种近似的方法,即只对前几个晶圆进行非周期性调度,而对其余晶圆进行周期性调度。从实验中,我们得出结论,近似方法提供了良好的解决方案,误差小于1%。所提出的方法即使在整批25片晶圆频繁切换的情况下也可以使用。
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引用次数: 9
Optimal scheduling of a repair shipyard based on Supervisory Control Theory 基于监督控制理论的修船厂最优调度
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042515
Denis C. Pinha, M. H. D. Queiroz, J. Cury
Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) allows for the automatic synthesis of non-blocking supervisors capable of ensuring all and only those sequences of events that meet the specifications for discrete event systems. For a job shop problem, it's possible to obtain an optimal supervisor capable of satisfying resource, production routine and deadline specifications, as well as of providing all viable scheduling solutions, by using a timed SCT extension. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying SCT to production planning and logistics modeling - applications rendered possible through a method for synthesizing schedules via an innovative approach to resource modeling; through the incremental synthesis of production routines and deadlines; and through a bisection method for minimizing total production time and job-specific lead times. The method is applied to the scheduling of activities at a repair shipyard, namely, the activities of the five main resources involved in the execution of ten job orders. The paper concludes with the presentation of a computational tool developed to integrate production planning and a tool for automatic supervisory synthesis so as to facilitate handling of the interface by users not familiar with SCT.
监督控制理论(SCT)允许自动合成能够确保所有且仅那些符合离散事件系统规范的事件序列的非阻塞监控器。对于作业车间问题,通过使用定时SCT扩展,可以获得一个能够满足资源、生产常规和截止日期规格的最佳主管,并提供所有可行的调度解决方案。本文研究了将SCT应用于生产计划和物流建模的可行性——通过一种创新的资源建模方法来综合调度,使应用成为可能;通过增量合成生产程序和最后期限;并通过对分法最小化总生产时间和特定工作的交货时间。该方法应用于某修理船厂的活动调度,即在执行10个工作订单中涉及的5个主要资源的活动。本文最后介绍了一种用于集成生产计划的计算工具和一种用于自动监控综合的工具,以便于不熟悉SCT的用户处理界面。
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引用次数: 22
Mixed-integer programming for optimal path planning of robotic manipulators 机械臂最优路径规划的混合整数规划
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042462
Hao Ding, G. Reissig, Dominic Gross, O. Stursberg
One of the fundamental problems in the field of robotic motion planning is to safely and efficiently drive the end effector of a robotic manipulator to a specified goal position. Here, safety refers to the requirement that the robotic manipulator must have no collision with surrounding obstacles, and efficiency requires that some predefined cost function is minimized. In addition, kinematic and dynamic constraints have to be satisfied. These requirements lead to non-convex optimization problems, which may be approximated by mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs). The solution of the latter, however, is often intolerably complex due to a huge number of binary decision variables. In the present paper, we consider motion planning scenarios with polyhedral obstacles and velocity constraints for the joint positions of the robotic manipulator. We provide a geometric result whose application leads to MILPs with drastically reduced numbers of binary decision variables. Computational efficiency is demonstrated for two- and three-link manipulators interacting with obstacles, where the number of simplex steps during the MILP solution is reduced by a factor of roughly 200 over previous methods. We also demonstrate the application of the proposed method to an industrial robot.
机器人运动规划领域的基本问题之一是如何安全、高效地将机器人末端执行器驱动到指定的目标位置。在这里,安全性是指机器人机械臂必须不与周围障碍物发生碰撞的要求,而效率则是要求某个预定义的成本函数最小化。此外,还必须满足运动学和动力学约束。这些要求导致非凸优化问题,这可能是近似的混合整数线性规划(milp)。然而,后者的解决方案往往是难以忍受的复杂,由于大量的二进制决策变量。本文研究了具有多面体障碍物和速度约束的机器人关节位置运动规划问题。我们提供了一个几何结果,该结果的应用导致了二进制决策变量数量急剧减少的milp。对于与障碍物相互作用的两连杆和三连杆机械臂,计算效率得到了证明,其中MILP解决过程中的单纯形步骤数比以前的方法减少了大约200倍。我们还演示了该方法在工业机器人上的应用。
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引用次数: 18
Fault diagnosis of an ABS system using Petri nets 基于Petri网的ABS系统故障诊断
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042508
M. P. Cabasino, A. Giua, C. Seatzu, Antonio Solinas, Katiuscia Zedda
In this paper we consider the brake system of a vehicle whose wheels are equipped with Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS). We assume that the sensors that are responsible of the activation of the ABS are subject to faults. We first show how such a system can be modeled using labeled Petri nets and the notion of concurrent composition. Then, we show how fault diagnosis and diagnosability analysis can be performed on such a system using appropriate techniques based on Petri nets.
本文研究了一种车轮装有防抱死制动系统(ABS)的汽车的制动系统。我们假设负责激活ABS的传感器会出现故障。我们首先展示了如何使用标记Petri网和并发组合的概念对这样的系统进行建模。然后,我们展示了如何使用基于Petri网的适当技术在这样的系统上进行故障诊断和可诊断性分析。
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引用次数: 9
Control software design for a cutting glass machine tool based on the COSME platform. Case study 基于COSME平台的玻璃切削机床控制软件设计。案例研究
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042453
F. Serna, C. Catalán, A. Blesa, J. M. Rams, J. Colom
This work presents a case study showing the design of a glass cutting machine tool. This design is the first technological demonstrator of the COSME platform, its guidelines and tools. It represents an approach to simplify the design of control software in the manufacturing context, allowing to shorten time-to-market and aggregating value-added features.
本工作提出了一个案例研究,展示了玻璃切割机床的设计。本设计是COSME平台及其指南和工具的第一个技术演示。它代表了一种在制造环境中简化控制软件设计的方法,允许缩短上市时间并聚合增值功能。
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引用次数: 1
A fast adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm for speech enhancement 语音增强的快速自适应卡尔曼滤波算法
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042399
Quanshen Mai, Dongzhi He, Yibin Hou, Zhangqin Huang
The speech enhancement is one of the effective techniques to solve speech degraded by noise. In this paper a fast speech enhancement method for noisy speech signals is presented, which is based on improved Kalman filtering. The conventional Kalman filter algorithm for speech enhancement needs to calculate the parameters of AR (auto-regressive) model, and perform a lot of matrix operations, which usually is non-adaptive. The speech enhancement algorithm proposed in this paper eliminates the matrix operations and reduces the calculating time by only constantly updating the first value of state vector X(n). We design a coefficient factor for adaptive filtering, to automatically amend the estimation of environmental noise by the observation data. Simulation results show that the fast adaptive algorithm using Kalman filtering is effective for speech enhancement.
语音增强是解决语音噪声退化的有效技术之一。本文提出了一种基于改进卡尔曼滤波的噪声语音信号快速增强方法。传统的语音增强卡尔曼滤波算法需要计算AR(自回归)模型的参数,并进行大量的矩阵运算,通常是非自适应的。本文提出的语音增强算法通过不断更新状态向量X(n)的第一个值,消除了矩阵运算,减少了计算时间。设计了自适应滤波的系数因子,对观测数据对环境噪声的估计进行自动修正。仿真结果表明,基于卡尔曼滤波的快速自适应语音增强算法是有效的。
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引用次数: 14
Multilevel Lasso applied to Virtual Metrology in semiconductor manufacturing 多能级套索在半导体制造虚拟计量中的应用
Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1109/CASE.2011.6042425
S. Pampuri, A. Schirru, G. Fazio, G. Nicolao
In semiconductor manufacturing, the state of the art for wafer quality control is based on product monitoring and feedback control loops; the related metrology operations, that usually involve scanning electron microscopes, are particularly cost-intensive and time-consuming. It is therefore not possible to evaluate every wafer: commonly, a small subset of a productive lot is measured at the metrology station and delegated to represent the whole lot. Virtual Metrology (VM) methodologies aim to obtain reliable estimates of metrology results without actually performing measurement operations; this goal is usually achieved by means of statistical models, linking process data and context information to target measurements. In this paper, we tackle two of the most important issues in VM: (i) regression in high dimensional spaces where few variables are meaningful, and (ii) data heterogeneity caused by inhomogeneous production and equipment logistics. We propose a hierarchical framework based on ℓ1-penalized machine learning techniques and solved by means of multitask learning strategies. The proposed methodology is validated on actual process and measurement data from the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
在半导体制造业中,晶圆质量控制的最新技术是基于产品监控和反馈控制回路;相关的计量操作,通常涉及扫描电子显微镜,特别成本密集和耗时。因此,不可能评估每个晶圆片:通常,在计量站测量生产批次的一小部分,并委托代表整个批次。虚拟计量(VM)方法的目的是在不实际执行测量操作的情况下获得可靠的计量结果估计;这一目标通常通过统计模型来实现,将过程数据和上下文信息与目标测量联系起来。在本文中,我们解决了VM中两个最重要的问题:(i)在高维空间中的回归,其中很少有变量是有意义的,以及(ii)由非同质生产和设备物流引起的数据异质性。我们提出了一个基于1惩罚机器学习技术的分层框架,并采用多任务学习策略进行求解。所提出的方法在半导体制造业的实际过程和测量数据上得到了验证。
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引用次数: 33
期刊
2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering
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