In this paper, we start from conventional GUTs and ToEs and discuss their challenges due not only to the lack of observations of proton decays and magnetic monopoles, but also to the fact that when gravity is considered, especially with mechanisms a la multi-folds, where gravity emerges from entanglement, both these phenomena are expected to not exist. With only a few exception, ToEs are badly hurt, including many superstrings, and most GUTs are knocked out. Because of the massive gravity at small scale contributed by entanglement in a multi-fold universe, we encounter new lifecycles for charged black holes and discover that, at small scales, gravity is no more the weakest interaction. In fact, sources and carriers of all interactions democratically carry gravity along with their interaction the same way and all interactions have similar strength. It becomes a new symmetric state with an Ultimate Unification of all the forces, but without the hierarchies of symmetry groups typically involved in GUTs, and without intermediate GUTs not involving gravity from the get-go. These results are obtained in a multi-fold universe, but with discussions of what can be said about our real universe.
{"title":"Ultimate Unification: Gravity-led Democracy vs. Uber-Symmetries","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/4wf3d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wf3d","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we start from conventional GUTs and ToEs and discuss their challenges due not only to the lack of observations of proton decays and magnetic monopoles, but also to the fact that when gravity is considered, especially with mechanisms a la multi-folds, where gravity emerges from entanglement, both these phenomena are expected to not exist. With only a few exception, ToEs are badly hurt, including many superstrings, and most GUTs are knocked out. Because of the massive gravity at small scale contributed by entanglement in a multi-fold universe, we encounter new lifecycles for charged black holes and discover that, at small scales, gravity is no more the weakest interaction. In fact, sources and carriers of all interactions democratically carry gravity along with their interaction the same way and all interactions have similar strength. It becomes a new symmetric state with an Ultimate Unification of all the forces, but without the hierarchies of symmetry groups typically involved in GUTs, and without intermediate GUTs not involving gravity from the get-go. These results are obtained in a multi-fold universe, but with discussions of what can be said about our real universe.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86392229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we argue that gravity breaks the symmetry between electric and magnetic equations (without sources) within the Standard Model. As a result, the motivation for introducing magnetic monopoles disappears (without affecting charge quantization): magnetic monopole probably do not exist in the presence or gravity. It is consistent with the absence of observation of magnetic monopoles and resolves the magnetic monopole cosmology problem. This result could have serious implications for supersymmetry, supergravity, GUTs and ToEs, including in particular superstrings. Some of these implications, and possible ways forward, are discussed.
{"title":"Gravity or Magnetic Monopoles? You Cannot Have Both!","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/k9hr2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/k9hr2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we argue that gravity breaks the symmetry between electric and magnetic equations (without sources) within the Standard Model. As a result, the motivation for introducing magnetic monopoles disappears (without affecting charge quantization): magnetic monopole probably do not exist in the presence or gravity. It is consistent with the absence of observation of magnetic monopoles and resolves the magnetic monopole cosmology problem. This result could have serious implications for supersymmetry, supergravity, GUTs and ToEs, including in particular superstrings. Some of these implications, and possible ways forward, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76605676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proving and constructing viable Yang Mills Gauge is a key concern for the Standard Model and an open problem. It has only be solved on lattices. Yet, gravity is not modeled in the Standard Model. We discuss that in a multi-fold universe where gravity emerges from entanglement effects, the spacetime is discrete (fractal with fractional dimensions, noncommutative and still Lorentz invariant). For any Lorentz invariant discrete spacetime, the lattice proofs and their lattice cell size independence completes the proof of the mass gap for Yang Mills Gauge theories. Continuous spacetime may or may not have a mass gap; but it does not matter if the real universe is discrete and Lorentz invariant.
{"title":"Progress on Proving the Mass gap for Yang Mills and Gravity (Maybe it’s already proven…)","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/q3xu5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q3xu5","url":null,"abstract":"Proving and constructing viable Yang Mills Gauge is a key concern for the Standard Model and an open problem. It has only be solved on lattices. Yet, gravity is not modeled in the Standard Model. We discuss that in a multi-fold universe where gravity emerges from entanglement effects, the spacetime is discrete (fractal with fractional dimensions, noncommutative and still Lorentz invariant). For any Lorentz invariant discrete spacetime, the lattice proofs and their lattice cell size independence completes the proof of the mass gap for Yang Mills Gauge theories. Continuous spacetime may or may not have a mass gap; but it does not matter if the real universe is discrete and Lorentz invariant.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75909141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equation xa+yb+zc=m in real numbers is an ill-posed problem and can be used in physical sciences and social sciences. This article introduces some properties of xa+yb+zc=m in real numbers, and also defines “m-Stability”, a new measure of stability of nonlinear equations.
{"title":"Nonlinearity, m-Stability And Properties Of xa+yb+zc=m.","authors":"Michael C. I. Nwogugu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3575374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3575374","url":null,"abstract":"The equation xa+yb+zc=m in real numbers is an ill-posed problem and can be used in physical sciences and social sciences. This article introduces some properties of xa+yb+zc=m in real numbers, and also defines “m-Stability”, a new measure of stability of nonlinear equations.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74590710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Superstrings seem to somehow appear in multi-folds universes. We compare the results and models of superstrings with the multi-fold mechanisms associated to EPR entanglement and discover that such multi-fold mechanism in a multi-fold universe: i) explain or clarify many superstring results, ii) provide analogies to superstring results that often change conjectures (e.g. AdS/CFT correspondence, ER=EPR, GR=QM) to facts or theorems in a multi-fold universe iii) position superstrings with respect to our spacetime iv) illustrates differences and v) makes suggestions on how to evolve superstrings theories and M-Theory, according to the multi-fold universe proposal and observations in the real universe, so far. We conclude with a call for collaboration.
{"title":"Dualities or Analogies between Superstrings and Multi-fold Universes","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/v5dc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/v5dc3","url":null,"abstract":"Superstrings seem to somehow appear in multi-folds universes. We compare the results and models of superstrings with the multi-fold mechanisms associated to EPR entanglement and discover that such multi-fold mechanism in a multi-fold universe: i) explain or clarify many superstring results, ii) provide analogies to superstring results that often change conjectures (e.g. AdS/CFT correspondence, ER=EPR, GR=QM) to facts or theorems in a multi-fold universe iii) position superstrings with respect to our spacetime iv) illustrates differences and v) makes suggestions on how to evolve superstrings theories and M-Theory, according to the multi-fold universe proposal and observations in the real universe, so far. We conclude with a call for collaboration.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83131649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yagya has been one of the core elements of the ancient Indian Culture ever since the Vedic era, and is also an effective therapeutic procedure. The present review article explores the applicability of Yagya during the present time, wherein the principles, procedure and the possible mode of action of Yagya have been described; the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines and medicinal herbs in the management of various diseases caused by viruses, as well as the diseases that have symptoms similar to those prevalent during present time, have been discussed; the ethnobotanical use of herbal fumigation in the management of various diseases, has been presented; as well as, the efficacy of Yagya Therapy / Integrative approach (including Yagya Therapy) in the management of symptoms of various disease conditions has been illustrated. The review also briefly illustrates the ancient Ayurvedic perspective about epidemics and the possible role of Yagya as a management approach for the same. Based on the information presented herein, the applicability of Yagya in the present time seems to be a promising possibility, that is worth exploring further through proper experimentation and analysis.
{"title":"Exploring the Possible Applicability of Yagya in Present Time: A Review","authors":"V. Shrivastava, S. Mishra, A. Mishra","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/zepgd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/zepgd","url":null,"abstract":"Yagya has been one of the core elements of the ancient Indian Culture ever since the Vedic era, and is also an effective therapeutic procedure. The present review article explores the applicability of Yagya during the present time, wherein the principles, procedure and the possible mode of action of Yagya have been described; the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines and medicinal herbs in the management of various diseases caused by viruses, as well as the diseases that have symptoms similar to those prevalent during present time, have been discussed; the ethnobotanical use of herbal fumigation in the management of various diseases, has been presented; as well as, the efficacy of Yagya Therapy / Integrative approach (including Yagya Therapy) in the management of symptoms of various disease conditions has been illustrated. The review also briefly illustrates the ancient Ayurvedic perspective about epidemics and the possible role of Yagya as a management approach for the same. Based on the information presented herein, the applicability of Yagya in the present time seems to be a promising possibility, that is worth exploring further through proper experimentation and analysis.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88663454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-fold universes and LQG have a lot in common as well as complementarities. A priori, both models are compatible with each other. The present paper analyses these touch points and suggests ways forward both in terms of multi-fold universes and of LQG. Also, considering the relationships between multi-fold universes results and superstring theories, there are many ways that the three approaches could use lessons learned or mechanisms from each other, in order to fill gaps or improve some of their own models. Maybe they could even converge towards new and more encompassing combined frameworks. We conclude with a call for such a collaboration.
{"title":"Alignments and Gaps Between Multi-fold Universes And Loop Quantum Gravity","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/kfzd5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/kfzd5","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-fold universes and LQG have a lot in common as well as complementarities. A priori, both models are compatible with each other. The present paper analyses these touch points and suggests ways forward both in terms of multi-fold universes and of LQG. Also, considering the relationships between multi-fold universes results and superstring theories, there are many ways that the three approaches could use lessons learned or mechanisms from each other, in order to fill gaps or improve some of their own models. Maybe they could even converge towards new and more encompassing combined frameworks. We conclude with a call for such a collaboration.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73383267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gravity is not modeled in the Standard Model. The Proton decay, predicted by many GUTs, TOEs, supersymmetry, supergravity theories and superstrings, is forbidden in the Standard Model because the proton is the lightest baryon and the conservation of the lepton and baryon numbers would be violated. In New Physics beyond the Standard Model, such violations could be tolerated because the baryon and lepton number symmetries have chirality anomalies. We discuss that in a multi-fold universe, where gravity emerges from entanglement effects, or in a universe where gravity is strong enough to cause chirality flips of fermions, these anomalies are smeared so that the baryon and lepton symmetries could be no more anomalous, and conservation of the baryon and lepton numbers could be seen as stricter. As a result, proton decay could remain forbidden, except when gravity is extreme. It has significant consequences for theories predicting proton decay but matches the total lack of any proton decay observation so far.
{"title":"Gravity Induced Anomalies Smearing in Standard Model so that Protons May Never Decay, Except in Black Holes","authors":"Stephane H Maes","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/w4pfm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/w4pfm","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity is not modeled in the Standard Model. The Proton decay, predicted by many GUTs, TOEs, supersymmetry, supergravity theories and superstrings, is forbidden in the Standard Model because the proton is the lightest baryon and the conservation of the lepton and baryon numbers would be violated. In New Physics beyond the Standard Model, such violations could be tolerated because the baryon and lepton number symmetries have chirality anomalies. We discuss that in a multi-fold universe, where gravity emerges from entanglement effects, or in a universe where gravity is strong enough to cause chirality flips of fermions, these anomalies are smeared so that the baryon and lepton symmetries could be no more anomalous, and conservation of the baryon and lepton numbers could be seen as stricter. As a result, proton decay could remain forbidden, except when gravity is extreme. It has significant consequences for theories predicting proton decay but matches the total lack of any proton decay observation so far.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88208089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.20944/preprints202005.0468.v1
T. J. Buckholtz
We develop and apply new physics theory. The theory suggests specific unfound elementary particles. The theory suggests specific constituents of dark matter. We apply those results. We explain ratios of dark matter amounts to ordinary matter amounts. We suggest details about galaxy formation. We suggest details about inflation. We suggest aspects regarding changes in the rate of expansion of the universe. The theory points to relationships between masses of elementary particles. We show a relationship between the strength of electromagnetism and the strength of gravity. The mathematics basis for matching known and suggesting new elementary particles extends mathematics for harmonic oscillators.
{"title":"Theory that Predicts and Explains Data about Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, Early Galaxies, and the Cosmos","authors":"T. J. Buckholtz","doi":"10.20944/preprints202005.0468.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202005.0468.v1","url":null,"abstract":"We develop and apply new physics theory. The theory suggests specific unfound elementary particles. The theory suggests specific constituents of dark matter. We apply those results. We explain ratios of dark matter amounts to ordinary matter amounts. We suggest details about galaxy formation. We suggest details about inflation. We suggest aspects regarding changes in the rate of expansion of the universe. The theory points to relationships between masses of elementary particles. We show a relationship between the strength of electromagnetism and the strength of gravity. The mathematics basis for matching known and suggesting new elementary particles extends mathematics for harmonic oscillators.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86769382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.20944/preprints202005.0457.v1
S. A. Larin
We prove that it is necessary to introduce the non-zero gluon masses into the fundamental Lagrangian of Quantum Chromodynamics in order to describe the mass-gap in the reaction of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons. A new restriction on the gluon masses is obtained. The renormalized theory with non-zero Lagrangian gluon masses is constructed.
{"title":"The Mass-gap in Quantum Chromodynamics and a Restriction on Gluon Masses","authors":"S. A. Larin","doi":"10.20944/preprints202005.0457.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202005.0457.v1","url":null,"abstract":"We prove that it is necessary to introduce the non-zero gluon masses into the fundamental Lagrangian of Quantum Chromodynamics in order to describe the mass-gap in the reaction of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons. A new restriction on the gluon masses is obtained. The renormalized theory with non-zero Lagrangian gluon masses is constructed.","PeriodicalId":23650,"journal":{"name":"viXra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：