Vibrational Spectroscopy最新文献_第4页

Real-time determination of blend uniformity in veterinary products using near infrared (NIR) spectra 用近红外光谱实时测定兽药混合均匀性

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103832

Ma Elena Tejada, Ricard Boqué

This study presents a new multivariate analytical strategy for real-time assessment of blend uniformity in powder mixtures using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT). The proposed method, called the Intensity Ratio (IR), monitors spectral variability at selected wavelengths corresponding to the excipient and the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). The approach was compared to established statistical strategies, including Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), F-test, Standard Deviation (SD), PC Score Distance Analysis (PC-SDA), and Conformity Index (CI).

For this study, a binary mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient, together with three industrial batches used as Golden Batch (GB), according to the rationale for the number of batches for different residual risk levels described on Stage 2, ISPE [1] have been used to build the model, where the uniformity of the mixture has been determined at a predefined time and the analysis has been carried out using the reference technique, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

These findings suggest that PAT-based strategies can improve efficiency in pharmaceutical manufacturing by enabling real-time blend uniformity assessment, potentially reducing both process time and cost. The IR method, in particular, offers a robust and fast alternative when a characteristic API absorption peak can be reliably monitored.

本文提出了一种利用近红外光谱（NIRS）作为过程分析技术（PAT）实时评估粉末混合物混合均匀性的多元分析策略。所提出的方法，称为强度比（IR），监测与赋形剂和活性药物成分（API）对应的选定波长的光谱变异性。将该方法与已建立的统计策略进行比较，包括相对标准偏差（RSD）、f检验、标准差（SD）、PC评分距离分析（PC- sda）和符合性指数（CI）。在本研究中，活性药物成分（API）和赋形剂的二元混合物，以及三个工业批作为黄金批（GB），根据阶段2 ISPE[1]中描述的不同残留风险水平的批数的基本原理来建立模型，其中混合物的均匀性已在预定时间确定，并使用参考技术进行分析。高效液相色谱法。这些发现表明，基于pat的策略可以通过实时混合均匀性评估来提高制药效率，从而可能减少工艺时间和成本。特别是，当API的特征吸收峰可以可靠地监测时，红外方法提供了一种鲁棒和快速的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Fast ATR-FTIR method for quantifying silicates presence on PE plastic fragments from soil 快速ATR-FTIR法定量土壤PE塑料碎片上硅酸盐的存在

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103833

David Picón-Borregales , Leticia Pastormerlo , Eduardo Reciulschi , Javier M. Montserrat

The interaction of plastic debris with the soil environment remains insufficiently studied. In particular, we have recently reported the incorporation of a mechanically stable clay phase—mainly composed of silicates—onto polyethylene (PE) macro-, meso-, and microplastic surfaces. This incorporation transforms plastic fragments into a composite material, potentially leading to significant changes in properties such as density, hydrophobicity, and contaminant sorption capacity. Therefore, quantifying the siliceous fraction is essential to better understand plastic–environment interactions. Determination of silicon by EDX is a conventional method, but is time-consuming, technically demanding, and not widely accessible. Moreover, the presence of clay onto the PE matrix complicates the identification of oxygen-containing functional groups due to spectral overlap between C–O and Si–O stretching vibrations in the sample's FTIR spectra. In this study, a rapid and straightforward ATR-FTIR-based methodology for the quantitative determination of silicon on weathered PE mulch fragments was developed. Furthermore, a reliable approach for the identification of Si–O and C–O functional groups in PE samples with high silicon content was established. The peak area of the Si–O stretching band showed a strong linear correlation with silicon concentration in PE–sand standards (R²=0.9878). The proposed method was validated against EDX measurements of PE samples extracted from agricultural soils, showing good agreement. Additionally, sodium citrate treatment effectively removed the siliceous fraction without the use of hazardous hydrofluoric acid, allowing for accurate determination of oxidation indices. The developed method is simple, rapid, and requires minimal sample preparation, offering a practical alternative for laboratories lacking access to advanced analytical techniques.

塑料垃圾与土壤环境的相互作用研究尚不充分。特别是，我们最近报道了在聚乙烯（PE）宏观、中观和微塑性表面上掺入一种主要由硅酸盐组成的机械稳定粘土相。这种结合将塑料碎片转化为复合材料，可能导致密度、疏水性和污染物吸附能力等性能的显著变化。因此，量化硅质组分对于更好地理解塑料与环境的相互作用至关重要。EDX法测定硅是一种传统的方法，但耗时长，技术要求高，而且应用范围不广。此外，由于样品FTIR光谱中C-O和Si-O拉伸振动之间的光谱重叠，PE基体上粘土的存在使含氧官能团的识别变得复杂。在这项研究中，开发了一种快速、直接的基于atr - ftir的方法，用于定量测定风化PE覆盖物碎片上的硅。此外，建立了一种鉴定高硅PE样品中Si-O和C-O官能团的可靠方法。Si-O拉伸带的峰面积与pe砂标准硅浓度呈较强的线性相关（R²=0.9878）。该方法与农业土壤中PE样品的EDX测量结果进行了验证，结果吻合良好。此外，柠檬酸钠处理有效地去除了硅质部分，而无需使用有害的氢氟酸，从而可以准确测定氧化指数。所开发的方法简单，快速，并且需要最少的样品制备，为缺乏先进分析技术的实验室提供了一种实用的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Band selection using oppositional whale optimization for hyperspectral image classification 基于对立鲸优化的高光谱图像分类波段选择

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103830

Phaneendra Kumar B L N , Radhesyam Vaddi , Prabukumar Manoharan , Agilandeeswari L , Sangeetha V

This paper presents an innovative methodology for band selection pertinent to hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. The substantial volume of data, alongside its inherent redundancy and limited training samples, adversely influences the classification precision of these images. The discernment of informative, non-redundant, and uncorrelated bands from hyperspectral imagery represents a principal aim of the hyperspectral research community. In this study, we have proposed a pioneering band selection technique that emulates the hunting strategy of Whales, incorporating opposition learning to leverage the alternative candidate solutions. Subsequently, the intrinsic features are extracted from the oppositional whale bands and subjected to training via a three-dimensional convolutional neural network for classification, referred to as Modified Whale Optimization (MWO). The MWO is assessed against leading-edge methodologies across three benchmark datasets – Indian Pines, University of Pavia, and Salinas, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The reported classification accuracies are 98.67 %, 99.81 %, and 99.98 % respectively across the three datasets, achieved with a minimal number of bands. This methodology proves to be effective for applications in Land Use and Land Cover as well as Mineral identification.

提出了一种创新的高光谱遥感影像波段选择方法。大量的数据，加上其固有的冗余和有限的训练样本，对这些图像的分类精度产生了不利影响。从高光谱图像中识别信息丰富、非冗余和不相关的波段是高光谱研究界的主要目标。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种开创性的波段选择技术，该技术模拟了鲸鱼的狩猎策略，结合了对立学习来利用替代候选解决方案。随后，从对立鲸鱼波段中提取固有特征，并通过三维卷积神经网络进行分类训练，称为修正鲸鱼优化（MWO）。MWO是根据三个基准数据集（Indian Pines、Pavia大学和Salinas）的前沿方法进行定性和定量评估的。报告的分类准确率在三个数据集上分别为98.67 %，99.81 %和99.98 %，以最小的频带数量实现。该方法被证明是有效的应用于土地利用和土地覆盖以及矿物鉴定。

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引用次数: 0

Study on characteristic peaks of antibiotics and amino acids based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy 基于太赫兹时域光谱的抗生素和氨基酸特征峰研究

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103831

Yusong Zhang, Wei Shi, Yifan Li, Huanlin Li, Junnan Wang

Changes in antibiotic and amino acid concentrations are closely related to human beings, the natural environment and animal and plant life and health. Real-time and label-free detection using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is of great significance for disease prevention and treatment and drug residue detection. However, water has a strong absorption of THz waves that cannot be ignored, which hinders the detection of water-containing samples. In this paper, the characteristic absorption peaks and molecular vibration modes of penicillin sodium and L-hydroxyproline were studied based on THz-TDS and density functional theory (DFT) using IPCA with high radiation properties. The absorption peaks of samples in different states are different, and the formation of new hydrogen bonds will cause the absorption peak to disappear, or a blue shift or a red shift occurs. The intramolecular interaction forces were then characterized based on IRI analysis. Based on this method, solutions with a minimum concentration of 842 μM can be qualitatively tested.

抗生素和氨基酸浓度的变化与人类、自然环境和动植物的生命健康密切相关。太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）实时无标记检测在疾病防治和药物残留检测中具有重要意义。然而，水对太赫兹波有很强的吸收，这是不可忽视的，这阻碍了对含水样品的检测。本文利用具有高辐射特性的IPCA，基于太赫兹- tds和密度泛函数理论（DFT）研究了青霉素钠和l -羟脯氨酸的特征吸收峰和分子振动模式。不同状态下样品的吸收峰是不同的，新的氢键的形成会使吸收峰消失，或者发生蓝移或红移。然后基于IRI分析表征了分子内相互作用力。该方法可对最小浓度为842 μM的溶液进行定性检测。

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the polyether aqueous solution with temperature dependent NIR spectra 用随温度变化的近红外光谱分析聚醚水溶液

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103829

Bo Zhang , Bin Lin , Shuai Yan , Hanwen Zhang , Yuewen Yu , Chenxi Li

The polyether has distinct advantage of being a coolant and a lubricant, which is often dependent on their solubility in water. In this study, the temperature dependent near-infrared spectroscopy was proposed to investigate the solubility and phase changes of polyether aqueous solution. Two-dimension correlation spectrum was applied to establish the relationship between temperature and NIR spectra, and determine the order of aggregation, turbidity and the temperature changes. The results demonstrated that the absorption peak blueshift of water and methylene exhibit good correlation with the temperature, which is related to the formation and destruction of hydrogen bonding between polyether and water molecules. Due to the destruction of hydrogen bonding, the viscosity also showed a good linear correlation with the amplitude of blueshift. The mechanism of phase change and film-forming of aqueous polyether lubricants also provide important information on development of new types of lubricants.

聚醚具有作为冷却剂和润滑剂的明显优势，这通常取决于它们在水中的溶解度。本研究提出了温度相关的近红外光谱来研究聚醚水溶液的溶解度和相变化。采用二维相关谱法建立了温度与近红外光谱之间的关系，确定了团聚度、浊度和温度变化的顺序。结果表明，水和亚甲基的吸收峰蓝移与温度有良好的相关性，这与聚醚和水分子之间氢键的形成和破坏有关。由于氢键的破坏，黏度也与蓝移振幅呈良好的线性相关。水性聚醚润滑剂的相变和成膜机理也为新型润滑剂的开发提供了重要信息。

引用次数: 0

PyQt5 Coding and optimization for heterodyne detected vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy PyQt5外差检测振动和频率产生谱编码与优化

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103827

RongShun Wang , Yinjiao Zhang , Mingshuang Lu , Yuling Wu , Yingxue Wang , Wenhui Li , HongJuan Zhang , Dengshi Li , Feng Wei

Optoelectronic thin films play a critical role across various high-tech industries, including new materials, energy storage sectors, chip manufacturing, and biomedicine. This paper details the enhancement of optoelectronic thin film properties through the innovative use of Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy. This non-linear spectroscopic technique is uniquely suited to studying film surfaces and interfaces without damaging the samples, offering detailed insights into molecular arrangements and chemical states at these critical junctures. Further, this study introduces a novel Python-based application developed using the PyQt5 framework, which is designed to efficiently handle and analyze spectroscopic data. The application incorporates advanced data processing functions such as data denoising, Fourier transformation, square wave matrix extraction, inverse Fourier transformation, and data integration, providing a comprehensive tool for researchers. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in the precision and efficiency of data analysis, leading to enhanced performance and quality of optoelectronic films. The integration of interdisciplinary technological approaches with advanced programming techniques and mathematical analysis through SFG spectroscopy underscores its potential to revolutionize the field by providing a more precise characterization of the material's microstructural features and advancing the development and optimization processes of optoelectronic thin film technology.

光电薄膜在包括新材料、储能、芯片制造和生物医药在内的各种高科技产业中发挥着关键作用。本文详细介绍了通过创新地使用和频产生（SFG）光谱来增强光电薄膜的性能。这种非线性光谱技术非常适合研究薄膜表面和界面，而不会损坏样品，在这些关键节点上提供分子排列和化学状态的详细见解。此外，本研究介绍了一个使用PyQt5框架开发的基于python的新型应用程序，该应用程序旨在有效地处理和分析光谱数据。该应用程序集成了数据去噪、傅立叶变换、方波矩阵提取、傅立叶反变换、数据集成等先进的数据处理功能，为研究人员提供了一个全面的工具。我们的研究结果表明，在数据分析的精度和效率方面有了显著的提高，从而提高了光电薄膜的性能和质量。通过SFG光谱将跨学科技术方法与先进的编程技术和数学分析相结合，通过提供更精确的材料微结构特征表征和推进光电薄膜技术的开发和优化过程，强调了其革命性领域的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A review of machine learning in hyperspectral imaging for food safety 机器学习在食品安全高光谱成像中的研究进展

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103828

Mainak Das , Wan Sieng Yeo , Agus Saptoro

Manual detection methods such as human visual inspection are not quantitative and could lead to inconsistencies in food safety assessments. Conversely, traditional laboratory techniques offer quantitative assessments, but they involve expensive equipment, are time-consuming, and are destructive to the samples. To address these limitations, advances in non-destructive monitoring techniques with the implementation of machine learning (ML) algorithms can be alternative solutions. For instance, hyperspectral imaging technology, which combines spatial and spectral data to acquire a data-rich hypercube, can be integrated with ML models to assess food safety without damaging the samples. Different from the existing review studies on ML models, this review domain focuses more on staple foods and how these ML algorithms can quantify the chemical constituents in staple food sources. This study aims to differentiate the various ML models employed in food safety and discusses the challenges and future directions for effectively quantifying samples like adulterants in foods to ensure food safety. In addition, a bibliometric analysis of ML algorithms was also conducted to understand the research trends in hyperspectral imaging and ML. Besides, this review study also addresses different image-sensing technologies and contributes to research pursuing ML and deep learning for food safety purposes in agriculture.

人工检测方法，如人类目视检查，不是定量的，可能导致食品安全评估不一致。相反，传统的实验室技术提供定量评估，但它们涉及昂贵的设备，耗时，并且对样品具有破坏性。为了解决这些限制，非破坏性监测技术的进步与机器学习（ML）算法的实现可以成为替代解决方案。例如，结合空间和光谱数据获得数据丰富的超立方体的高光谱成像技术可以与ML模型相结合，在不损坏样品的情况下评估食品安全。与现有关于ML模型的综述研究不同，本综述领域更多地关注主食以及这些ML算法如何量化主食来源中的化学成分。本研究旨在区分食品安全中使用的各种ML模型，并讨论有效量化食品中掺假等样品以确保食品安全的挑战和未来方向。此外，本文还对机器学习算法进行了文献计量分析，以了解高光谱成像和机器学习的研究趋势。此外，本综述还讨论了不同的图像传感技术，并为农业食品安全领域的机器学习和深度学习研究做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A feasibility study on improving the non-destructive detection accuracy of Huping jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Huping) damage degree using near infrared spectroscopy 提高湖平枣（酸枣）磨无损检测精度的可行性研究。简历。利用近红外光谱分析湖平损伤程度

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103826

Yanqing Xie , Qiang Xi , Xiangli Han , Zheng Li , Gang Li , Haixia Wang , Ming Liu , Jing Zhao

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is promising for fruit quality assessment but faces robustness challenges in damage detection, as surface reflectance alone cannot fully characterize internal and external damage features. To overcome this limitation, we propose combining NIR spectroscopy with multi-position light scattering information to improve the accuracy of non-destructive jujube damage grading. The Huping jujube was impacted and the damaged jujube was taken as the sample. The NIR spectra of three kinds of samples with different damage grades are collected. With the damage degree as the reference index, five machine learning algorithms of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Radial Basis Function network(RBF), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are combined to construct the damage degree identification model of single-position spectral and multi-position detection data fusion. The test set accuracy of the optimal multi-position spectral modeling (MPSM) method is 100.00 %. Compared with the single-position spectral modeling (SPSM) method, the stability of the MPSM fusion method is significantly improved, and the accuracy rate is increased by more than 13.89 %. This study established a reliable non-destructive detection method for subtle fruit damage, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-position spectral fusion in capturing sub-surface damage and providing a transferable framework applicable to other bruise-prone delicate fruits.

近红外（NIR）光谱技术在水果品质评估方面具有广阔的应用前景，但在损伤检测方面面临着鲁棒性的挑战，因为仅靠表面反射率不能完全表征内部和外部损伤特征。为了克服这一局限性，我们提出将近红外光谱与多位置光散射信息相结合，以提高枣无损损伤分级的准确性。以湖平枣树为研究对象，以受损枣树为研究对象。采集了三种不同损伤等级样品的近红外光谱。以损伤程度为参考指标，结合支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）、k近邻（KNN）、径向基函数网络（RBF）和长短期记忆（LSTM）五种机器学习算法，构建了单位置光谱与多位置检测数据融合的损伤程度识别模型。最优多位置光谱建模（MPSM）方法的测试集精度为100.00 %。与单位置光谱建模（SPSM）方法相比，MPSM融合方法的稳定性显著提高，准确率提高13.89 %以上。本研究建立了一种可靠的水果细微损伤无损检测方法，证明了多位置光谱融合在捕获亚表面损伤方面的有效性，并提供了一种可转移的框架，适用于其他易发生瘀伤的微妙水果。

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引用次数: 0

Vibrational spectroscopy as a tool for the investigation of polymer bases in motion picture films: A comparison between mid-infrared, near-infrared and Raman techniques 振动光谱学作为研究电影胶片中聚合物基的工具：中红外、近红外和拉曼技术的比较

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103818

Alessia Buttarelli , Margherita Longoni , Valentina Rossetto , Silvia Bruni

In the present work, numerous samples of motion picture films from different brands and spanning a wide chronological range were examined with the aim of studying their polymeric support materials using various vibrational spectroscopic techniques. The bases of the films investigated included cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and cellophane, the support material of the unique Ozaphan films. Regarding Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the external reflection (ER) technique was employed, both in the mid-infrared (MIR) range and in the longer-wavelength portion of the near-infrared (NIR) region. For Raman spectroscopy, the sequentially shifted excitation (SSE™) technique was used to minimize issues related to potential fluorescence emission. The information provided by each technique was carefully considered, particularly in terms of penetration depth and specificity towards certain molecular structures. Furthermore, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the entire NIR range was combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression of the spectral data to estimate the degree of substitution (DS) of the polymer in cellulose acetate bases. This parameter is influenced both by the historical period in which the films were produced and possibly by degradation phenomena.

在目前的工作中，研究了来自不同品牌和跨越广泛时间范围的电影电影的大量样本，目的是使用各种振动光谱技术研究它们的聚合物支撑材料。所研究的薄膜的碱包括硝酸纤维素、醋酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和玻璃纸，这是独特的Ozaphan薄膜的支撑材料。对于傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，在中红外（MIR）范围和近红外（NIR）区域的较长波长部分采用了外反射（ER）技术。对于拉曼光谱，使用顺序位移激发（SSE™）技术来最小化与潜在荧光发射相关的问题。每种技术提供的信息都经过仔细考虑，特别是在穿透深度和对某些分子结构的特异性方面。此外，将整个近红外范围内的漫反射光谱与光谱数据的偏最小二乘（PLS）回归相结合，估计了聚合物在醋酸纤维素碱中的取代度（DS）。这个参数既受电影制作的历史时期的影响，也可能受退化现象的影响。

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引用次数: 0

FT-IR study on ambers produced from the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions in Japan 日本东北和北海道地区产琥珀的FT-IR研究

IF 2.7 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2025.103813

Akira Yoshihara , Tomoki Karasawa

We performed a series of Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) studies on Late Cretaceous Kuji and Iwaki ambers from the Tohoku region, Late Cretaceous Pombetsu and Manji ambers and Eocene Sunago ambers from Mikasa area in the Hokkaido region, and Eocene ambers from Fushun in China. Based on spectral features and principal component scores, these FT-IR spectra could be successfully classified into three groups: Kuji and Iwaki ambers, Pombetsu and Manji ambers, and Sunago and Fushun ambers, respectively. This grouping reflects the fact that amber-forming forests are the same or closely related species within the group, but different among the groups. Geological surveys on the Upper Cretaceous Yezo Group around the Mikasa area indicate that the Pombetsu ambers were reburied in terrestrial environments about 4 million years earlier than the Manji ambers buried in shallow marine deposits. The Late Cretaceous ambers from the Mikasa Formation frequently contain various concentrations of calcite, and their FT-IR spectra are quite different from the Kuji and Iwaki ambers which are free from calcite. These observations strongly suggest different amber-forming environments between the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, high similarities of FT-IR spectra between Sunago and Fushun ambers suggest the same or similar amber-forming environments in the Eocene near the eastern end of the Eurasian plate. Although the current geographical distance between Sunago and Fushun is about 1500 km, the distance was much closer in the Eocene before the establishment of the Sea of Japan.

我们对东北地区晚白垩世的Kuji和Iwaki琥珀、北海道地区晚白垩世的Pombetsu和Manji琥珀、北海道地区Mikasa地区始新世的Sunago琥珀以及中国阜顺始新世的琥珀进行了一系列傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）研究。根据光谱特征和主成分得分，将这些红外光谱成功地划分为三组：久地和岩崎琥珀，Pombetsu和Manji琥珀，Sunago和抚顺琥珀。这种分组反映了一个事实，即形成琥珀的森林在组内是相同或密切相关的物种，但在组之间不同。对Mikasa地区上白垩统Yezo群的地质调查表明，Pombetsu琥珀在陆地环境中重新埋藏的时间比埋在浅海沉积物中的Manji琥珀早约400万年。晚白垩世Mikasa组琥珀中经常含有不同浓度的方解石，其FT-IR光谱与不含方解石的Kuji和Iwaki琥珀有很大不同。这些观测结果有力地说明了晚白垩世东北和北海道地区琥珀形成环境的差异。Sunago琥珀和抚顺琥珀的FT-IR光谱高度相似，表明在欧亚板块东端附近的始新世具有相同或相似的琥珀形成环境。虽然现在Sunago和抚顺之间的地理距离约为1500 公里，但在日本海建立之前的始新世，这一距离要近得多。

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引用次数: 0