Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_76_21
Xiang Wang, Xinran Liu, Ke-xin Li, Xiang-hui Fan, Yang Liu
Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. In recent years, the neuroprotective effects of FA have been studied extensively. Many researchers have attempted to use FA to prevent and treat neurological diseases and have made some progress. This paper mainly collated the study of the protective effect of FA on stroke and summarized the protective effect of FA on ischemic stroke and the potential protective effects of FA on neurovascular units.
{"title":"Effects of ferulic acid on regulating the neurovascular unit: Implications for ischemic stroke treatment","authors":"Xiang Wang, Xinran Liu, Ke-xin Li, Xiang-hui Fan, Yang Liu","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_76_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_76_21","url":null,"abstract":"Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. In recent years, the neuroprotective effects of FA have been studied extensively. Many researchers have attempted to use FA to prevent and treat neurological diseases and have made some progress. This paper mainly collated the study of the protective effect of FA on stroke and summarized the protective effect of FA on ischemic stroke and the potential protective effects of FA on neurovascular units.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"210 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47231314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.321340
Vanktesh Kumar, N. Kaur, P. Wadhwa
Crocus sativus L., a member of the Iridaceae family, commonly known as saffron has very much popular as both medicine and spice. Earlier saffron was used as one of the important constituents in opioid preparations for pain relief. Its uses in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression are well documented. Depression can affect the quality of life of individuals by causing headaches, difficulty in thinking, and loss of interest. Many clinical trials have been conducted for evaluating the efficacy of saffron in depression cases. Almost fifty constituents of C. sativus L are well known. Few of the major constituents include crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal. In the present review, the main focus is on the antidepressant effects of saffron and its major constituents, in which it was found that saffron has substantial effects on depression and anxiety because of double-blind study the data can be trusted.
{"title":"Clinical evidence on the effects of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) in anxiety and depression","authors":"Vanktesh Kumar, N. Kaur, P. Wadhwa","doi":"10.4103/2311-8571.321340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2311-8571.321340","url":null,"abstract":"Crocus sativus L., a member of the Iridaceae family, commonly known as saffron has very much popular as both medicine and spice. Earlier saffron was used as one of the important constituents in opioid preparations for pain relief. Its uses in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression are well documented. Depression can affect the quality of life of individuals by causing headaches, difficulty in thinking, and loss of interest. Many clinical trials have been conducted for evaluating the efficacy of saffron in depression cases. Almost fifty constituents of C. sativus L are well known. Few of the major constituents include crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal. In the present review, the main focus is on the antidepressant effects of saffron and its major constituents, in which it was found that saffron has substantial effects on depression and anxiety because of double-blind study the data can be trusted.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"181 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_50_21
Jun Li, Jingwen Lu, Guang-hui Chen, Dan Li
Objective: The aim is to investigate the protective effect of andrographolide (AP) on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in rats with glaucoma and its mechanism. Methods: ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, chronic ocular hypertension (CHOT) group, vehicle group, and AP group. The density of RGCs and the number of apoptotic cells in retinal slices were evaluated, and the function of RGC was evaluated by photopic negative wave response (PhNR). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the retina was detected. Results: (1) The density of RGC in the CHOT and vehicle groups were significantly lower than that in the NC and AP (P < 0.01). After AP intervention, the RGC density of the rats significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the CHOT and vehicle groups was obviously thinner, and the thickness of the GCL was partially restored in the AP group. (2) A large number of terminal deoxytransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were found in the GCL of the CHOT and vehicle groups, but only a few TUNEL positive cells were found in the AP group. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells was 8.80 ± 4.97%, 37.00 ± 5.27%, 46.16 ± 6.50%, and 22.29 ± 3.52% for groups NC, CHOT, vehicle, and AP, respectively. (3) At 2 weeks, the amplitude of PhNR in the CHOT and vehicle groups decreased by 63.22 ± 13.89% and 57.88 ± 6.95%, respectively. The amplitude of PhNR in the AP group was only 22.56 ± 6.44% lower than that in the NC group. The AP intervention significantly reduced the decrease of the PhNR amplitude in CHOT eyes. (4) Compared with the NC group, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 significantly increased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, which could be reversed by AP treatment. The trend of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was consistent with that of the western blot analysis. Conclusion: The protective effect of caspase-3/Bcl-2 may be achieved through the regulation of the Caspase-3/Bcl-2 pathway in the rat retina.
{"title":"Andrographolide protects retinal ganglion cells in rats with glaucoma by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway","authors":"Jun Li, Jingwen Lu, Guang-hui Chen, Dan Li","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_50_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_50_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim is to investigate the protective effect of andrographolide (AP) on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in rats with glaucoma and its mechanism. Methods: ninety-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, chronic ocular hypertension (CHOT) group, vehicle group, and AP group. The density of RGCs and the number of apoptotic cells in retinal slices were evaluated, and the function of RGC was evaluated by photopic negative wave response (PhNR). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the retina was detected. Results: (1) The density of RGC in the CHOT and vehicle groups were significantly lower than that in the NC and AP (P < 0.01). After AP intervention, the RGC density of the rats significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the CHOT and vehicle groups was obviously thinner, and the thickness of the GCL was partially restored in the AP group. (2) A large number of terminal deoxytransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were found in the GCL of the CHOT and vehicle groups, but only a few TUNEL positive cells were found in the AP group. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells was 8.80 ± 4.97%, 37.00 ± 5.27%, 46.16 ± 6.50%, and 22.29 ± 3.52% for groups NC, CHOT, vehicle, and AP, respectively. (3) At 2 weeks, the amplitude of PhNR in the CHOT and vehicle groups decreased by 63.22 ± 13.89% and 57.88 ± 6.95%, respectively. The amplitude of PhNR in the AP group was only 22.56 ± 6.44% lower than that in the NC group. The AP intervention significantly reduced the decrease of the PhNR amplitude in CHOT eyes. (4) Compared with the NC group, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 significantly increased in the CHOT and vehicle groups, which could be reversed by AP treatment. The trend of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was consistent with that of the western blot analysis. Conclusion: The protective effect of caspase-3/Bcl-2 may be achieved through the regulation of the Caspase-3/Bcl-2 pathway in the rat retina.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"241 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49215344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_63_21
Qian-qian Niu, Wen-long Xing, Yu-tong Wang, Yan-wei Zhu, Hong-xu Liu
Objective: To observe the effect of Danhong injection (DHI) on perioperative metabolomics of unstable angina pectoris (UA) with blood stasis syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled, and single-blind clinical trial was conducted. Sixty-one UA patients with traditional Chinese medicine blood stasis syndrome undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly divided into the Danhong and control groups, and 10 healthy volunteers were included as baseline. The Danhong group received western medicine + DHI treatment, while the control group received western medicine + saline. Nontargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the serum metabolites of healthy volunteers in the Danhong and control groups before and 5 days after PCI. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum metabolites between the Danhong and control groups, but there was a significant difference between the two groups and the healthy group. Differential metabolites were clustered mainly in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, purine, and amino acid groups, which were generated in their metabolic pathways. After 5 days of PCI, the profiles of serum metabolites were significantly closer between the Danhong-or control-treated groups and that of the healthy group. Furthermore, DHI treatment converted the serum metabolite profile more to that of the healthy group than the control treatment. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of DHI on patients with unstable angina is reflected at the level of serum metabolic biomarkers.
{"title":"Danhong injection improves elective percutaneous coronary intervention in ua patients with blood stasis syndrome revealed by perioperative metabolomics","authors":"Qian-qian Niu, Wen-long Xing, Yu-tong Wang, Yan-wei Zhu, Hong-xu Liu","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_63_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_63_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the effect of Danhong injection (DHI) on perioperative metabolomics of unstable angina pectoris (UA) with blood stasis syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled, and single-blind clinical trial was conducted. Sixty-one UA patients with traditional Chinese medicine blood stasis syndrome undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly divided into the Danhong and control groups, and 10 healthy volunteers were included as baseline. The Danhong group received western medicine + DHI treatment, while the control group received western medicine + saline. Nontargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the serum metabolites of healthy volunteers in the Danhong and control groups before and 5 days after PCI. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum metabolites between the Danhong and control groups, but there was a significant difference between the two groups and the healthy group. Differential metabolites were clustered mainly in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, purine, and amino acid groups, which were generated in their metabolic pathways. After 5 days of PCI, the profiles of serum metabolites were significantly closer between the Danhong-or control-treated groups and that of the healthy group. Furthermore, DHI treatment converted the serum metabolite profile more to that of the healthy group than the control treatment. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of DHI on patients with unstable angina is reflected at the level of serum metabolic biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"247 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to predict the 7th day efficacy of the acupoint application (AP) of Chinese herbs (Xiao Zhong Zhi Tong Tie) in patients with diarrhea. Materials and Methods: We consecutively collected medical records of patients with diarrhea nationwide on the Chun Bo Wan Xiang cloud platform from August 22 to November 5, 2020. Demographic and clinical data and the fecal properties were included in this study. We established the XGBoost model to predict the 7th day efficacy of AP in patients with diarrhea. The XGBoost model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). We next compared the performance of XGBoost with that of artificial neural network (ANN), ANN + boosting, ANN + bagging, and support vector machine (SVM). Results: The XGBoost model provided a prediction accuracy of 84.86% (95% confidence interval = 82.74% to 86.81%) and the ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.81. The top-three variables with the highest importance are age, duration of diarrhea, and region (North). Our study revealed that XGBoost was not superior to ANN, ANN + boosting, ANN + bagging, and SVM. Conclusions: The established XGBoost model for predicting the 7th day efficacy of AP in patients with diarrhea exhibited good accuracy and precision, which can be used for efficacy prediction.
{"title":"Predicting the 7th day efficacy of acupoint application of Chinese herbs (Xiao Zhong Zhi Tong Tie) in patients with diarrhea – A machine-learning model based on XGBoost algorithm","authors":"Song-Fei Sheng, Rui Li, Xing Wang, Hong Gao, Yan-hong Zhang, Feng-qin Xu","doi":"10.4103/2311-8571.326076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2311-8571.326076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to predict the 7th day efficacy of the acupoint application (AP) of Chinese herbs (Xiao Zhong Zhi Tong Tie) in patients with diarrhea. Materials and Methods: We consecutively collected medical records of patients with diarrhea nationwide on the Chun Bo Wan Xiang cloud platform from August 22 to November 5, 2020. Demographic and clinical data and the fecal properties were included in this study. We established the XGBoost model to predict the 7th day efficacy of AP in patients with diarrhea. The XGBoost model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). We next compared the performance of XGBoost with that of artificial neural network (ANN), ANN + boosting, ANN + bagging, and support vector machine (SVM). Results: The XGBoost model provided a prediction accuracy of 84.86% (95% confidence interval = 82.74% to 86.81%) and the ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.81. The top-three variables with the highest importance are age, duration of diarrhea, and region (North). Our study revealed that XGBoost was not superior to ANN, ANN + boosting, ANN + bagging, and SVM. Conclusions: The established XGBoost model for predicting the 7th day efficacy of AP in patients with diarrhea exhibited good accuracy and precision, which can be used for efficacy prediction.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"257 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47839266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_30_21
Tong-Hua Zhang, Jianxin Liang, D. Long, Minsley Ma, Li-guo Chen, Da-xiang Lu, Xiaohua Jiang, Xuemei Yang, Guang Wang
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for anti-abortion is based on the theory of gynecology of TCM, which aims to prevent and treat abdominal pain during pregnancy, fetal leakage, uneasy fetal movement, and fetal atrophy. Because of the complexity of the ingredients of Chinese Materia Medica, and the imprecise intervention mechanism for tocolysis, further investigation about the effects of Chinese herbs and their components on tocolysis by utilizing advanced technologies is required to be made. All the information available about TCM and its effects on pregnant women and fetuses was collected via electronic search using Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI, and a library search was performed to locate classic herbal medicine books. The active ingredients in TCM were screened with the help of Traditional chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The keywords being used included herbal names, pharmacology, pregnancy, threatened abortion, and fetus. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that TCM mainly prevents threatened abortion by a direct effect on the pregnant woman's immune system, sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the uterus and the endometrium, and the decidual tissue such as the placenta. It may also address pregnancy complications due to advanced maternal age, infection, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, and mental disorders caused by threat of a miscarriage. TCM protects against spontaneous miscarriage, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. This research applies scientific methods to characterize and examine the effective components of TCM and their application to lower the risk of abortion to the pregnant women and fetuses.
抗流产的中医学以中医妇科理论为基础，旨在预防和治疗妊娠腹痛、胎儿渗漏、胎动不稳和胎儿萎缩。由于中药成分的复杂性，以及对分娩的干预机制不精确，需要利用先进的技术进一步研究中药及其成分对分娩的影响。所有关于中药及其对孕妇和胎儿的影响的信息都是通过使用Web of Science、PubMed和CNKI的电子搜索收集的，并通过图书馆搜索来查找经典的草药书籍。利用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台（TCMSP）对中药中的有效成分进行筛选。使用的关键词包括草药名称、药理学、妊娠、先兆流产和胎儿。现代药理学研究表明，中医药主要通过直接影响孕妇的免疫系统、雌激素和孕激素等性激素、子宫和子宫内膜以及胎盘等蜕膜组织来预防先兆流产。它还可以解决由于高龄产妇、感染、多囊卵巢综合征、糖尿病和流产威胁引起的精神障碍引起的妊娠并发症。中医药可以预防自然流产，但其机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。本研究采用科学的方法对中药的有效成分进行了表征和检验，并将其应用于降低孕妇和胎儿流产风险。
{"title":"Tocolysis effects of traditional Chinese medicine and their effective components","authors":"Tong-Hua Zhang, Jianxin Liang, D. Long, Minsley Ma, Li-guo Chen, Da-xiang Lu, Xiaohua Jiang, Xuemei Yang, Guang Wang","doi":"10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for anti-abortion is based on the theory of gynecology of TCM, which aims to prevent and treat abdominal pain during pregnancy, fetal leakage, uneasy fetal movement, and fetal atrophy. Because of the complexity of the ingredients of Chinese Materia Medica, and the imprecise intervention mechanism for tocolysis, further investigation about the effects of Chinese herbs and their components on tocolysis by utilizing advanced technologies is required to be made. All the information available about TCM and its effects on pregnant women and fetuses was collected via electronic search using Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI, and a library search was performed to locate classic herbal medicine books. The active ingredients in TCM were screened with the help of Traditional chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The keywords being used included herbal names, pharmacology, pregnancy, threatened abortion, and fetus. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that TCM mainly prevents threatened abortion by a direct effect on the pregnant woman's immune system, sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the uterus and the endometrium, and the decidual tissue such as the placenta. It may also address pregnancy complications due to advanced maternal age, infection, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, and mental disorders caused by threat of a miscarriage. TCM protects against spontaneous miscarriage, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. This research applies scientific methods to characterize and examine the effective components of TCM and their application to lower the risk of abortion to the pregnant women and fetuses.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"188 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48237595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_64_21
W. Song, Yan-Ling Fu, Shenglou Ni, J. Fan, Qian Du, Haolong Zheng
Background: Component compatibility is important to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have shown that San-ao decoction (SAD) can treat respiratory diseases by relaxing airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reducing airway hyper-responsiveness. However, whether its bioactive components and compatibility also present with similar relaxant effects remains unknown. This study aims to explore the potential relaxant property, dose-response relationship, and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive component compatibility in SAD. Methods: Network pharmacology was primarily used to identify the bioactive components of SAD and uncover its underlying mechanisms. ASM tension force measuring technique was utilized to verify the relaxant and dose-response effects on in vitro guinea pig ASM. Results: We postulated pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PH), amygdalin (AM), and diammonium glycyrrhizate (DG) to be the bioactive components of SAD, which could effectively relax ASM in a dose-dependent manner on both acetylcholine-induced and spontaneous contraction. Both PH and AM could lead to DG dose–response curve shift. The regression equation of these three bioactive components was Y = −2.048 × X1 + 0.411 × X2 + 14.052 × X3 (X1, X2, X3 representing PH, AM, and DG, respectively). The underlying mechanisms of these components might be associated with the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Conclusions: PH, AM, and DG are the bioactive components of SAD, which can relax ASM in a dose–response manner and exert a synergistic effect. Clinically, compatibility of these three bioactive components may serve as a new complementary and alternative treatment for respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Relaxant effect of bioactive component compatibility of San-ao decoction on In vitro guinea pig airway smooth muscle: A dose-response relationship study","authors":"W. Song, Yan-Ling Fu, Shenglou Ni, J. Fan, Qian Du, Haolong Zheng","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_64_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_64_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Component compatibility is important to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have shown that San-ao decoction (SAD) can treat respiratory diseases by relaxing airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reducing airway hyper-responsiveness. However, whether its bioactive components and compatibility also present with similar relaxant effects remains unknown. This study aims to explore the potential relaxant property, dose-response relationship, and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive component compatibility in SAD. Methods: Network pharmacology was primarily used to identify the bioactive components of SAD and uncover its underlying mechanisms. ASM tension force measuring technique was utilized to verify the relaxant and dose-response effects on in vitro guinea pig ASM. Results: We postulated pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PH), amygdalin (AM), and diammonium glycyrrhizate (DG) to be the bioactive components of SAD, which could effectively relax ASM in a dose-dependent manner on both acetylcholine-induced and spontaneous contraction. Both PH and AM could lead to DG dose–response curve shift. The regression equation of these three bioactive components was Y = −2.048 × X1 + 0.411 × X2 + 14.052 × X3 (X1, X2, X3 representing PH, AM, and DG, respectively). The underlying mechanisms of these components might be associated with the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Conclusions: PH, AM, and DG are the bioactive components of SAD, which can relax ASM in a dose–response manner and exert a synergistic effect. Clinically, compatibility of these three bioactive components may serve as a new complementary and alternative treatment for respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"262 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_6_21
Faeze Rabbani, Z. Yazdiniapour, M. Ghanadian, B. Zolfaghari, Melika Maleki, F. Shafiee
Background: Cyclomyrsinane diterpenes especially those extracted from various Euphorbia species have shown interesting biological properties in recent years. Because of the high prevalence of breast cancer and the challenges ahead in its treatment, the use of these compounds as potential anti cancer agents seem reasonable. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of some myrsinane type diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia sogdiana Popov and determine their induced cell death mechanism. Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of six various myrsinane compounds on MCF 7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used as the normal cell line too. The apoptotic effects of the structure with the most cytotoxic effects were determined using flow cytometry assay in IC50 concentration for 24 h of incubation. Results: Compound (6) showed the most cytotoxic effects with IC50 of about 8 ± 4 and 24 ± 4 μg/mL for MCF 7 and 4T1 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with 5 and 10 μg/mL of compound (6) for 24 h, showed 37 and 55% of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: These surveyed compounds have the potential to be considered as useful anti-breast cancer agents due to the great cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against these cancer cells and the fact that there was no significant cytotoxicity on normal cells.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay of novel cyclomyrsinol diterpenes against breast cancer cell lines","authors":"Faeze Rabbani, Z. Yazdiniapour, M. Ghanadian, B. Zolfaghari, Melika Maleki, F. Shafiee","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyclomyrsinane diterpenes especially those extracted from various Euphorbia species have shown interesting biological properties in recent years. Because of the high prevalence of breast cancer and the challenges ahead in its treatment, the use of these compounds as potential anti cancer agents seem reasonable. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of some myrsinane type diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia sogdiana Popov and determine their induced cell death mechanism. Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of six various myrsinane compounds on MCF 7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used as the normal cell line too. The apoptotic effects of the structure with the most cytotoxic effects were determined using flow cytometry assay in IC50 concentration for 24 h of incubation. Results: Compound (6) showed the most cytotoxic effects with IC50 of about 8 ± 4 and 24 ± 4 μg/mL for MCF 7 and 4T1 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with 5 and 10 μg/mL of compound (6) for 24 h, showed 37 and 55% of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: These surveyed compounds have the potential to be considered as useful anti-breast cancer agents due to the great cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against these cancer cells and the fact that there was no significant cytotoxicity on normal cells.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"273 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_21_21
Xiao-yu Zheng, Yehao Zhang, Wenting Song, D. Chang, Jian-xun Liu
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) refers to a pathological phenomenon that aggravates the injury after the restoration of blood perfusion and oxygen supply to the cerebral ischemia-induced tissues and organs, with a relatively high incidence. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that Qi deficiency and blood stasis are the cause of CIRI. Therefore, Chinese medicine for tonifying Qi and activating blood is regarded as an important choice for the treatment of CIRI. In recent years, it has been found that many Chinese herbal medical ingredients and compound Chinese medicine (CCM) have significant anti-CIRI effects, and their mechanisms of action mainly include improving brain blood supply, neuroprotection, regulating signal pathways such as TLR4/HO-1/Bcl-2, protecting mitochondrial function, regulating related protein levels, and regulating oxidative molecule levels. This article summarizes and introduces the pharmacological mechanisms of Tonifying-Qi and activating-blood Chinese medicine and CCM which have the function of anti-CIRI. Our goal is to provide effective reference for further researches on the cerebral protection of related TCMs or compounds and their clinical application.
{"title":"Research progress on the pharmacological mechanisms of chinese medicines that tonify Qi and activate blood against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury","authors":"Xiao-yu Zheng, Yehao Zhang, Wenting Song, D. Chang, Jian-xun Liu","doi":"10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) refers to a pathological phenomenon that aggravates the injury after the restoration of blood perfusion and oxygen supply to the cerebral ischemia-induced tissues and organs, with a relatively high incidence. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that Qi deficiency and blood stasis are the cause of CIRI. Therefore, Chinese medicine for tonifying Qi and activating blood is regarded as an important choice for the treatment of CIRI. In recent years, it has been found that many Chinese herbal medical ingredients and compound Chinese medicine (CCM) have significant anti-CIRI effects, and their mechanisms of action mainly include improving brain blood supply, neuroprotection, regulating signal pathways such as TLR4/HO-1/Bcl-2, protecting mitochondrial function, regulating related protein levels, and regulating oxidative molecule levels. This article summarizes and introduces the pharmacological mechanisms of Tonifying-Qi and activating-blood Chinese medicine and CCM which have the function of anti-CIRI. Our goal is to provide effective reference for further researches on the cerebral protection of related TCMs or compounds and their clinical application.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"225 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_31_21
Di Liu, Jian Chen, Hui Yang, Z. Yousaf, Chaojie Liu, Bi-sheng Huang
Objective: The objective of the study is to study the growth promotion effects of Bacillus subtilis inoculants on the growth of Bletilla striata seedlings. Methods: Various concentrations (1/10×, 1/50×, 1/100×, and 1/500 × dilutions) of B. subtilis inoculants were applied on the B. striata seedlings. Plant height, base diameter, leaf length, leaf width, relative chlorophyll content, tuber diameter, average fibrous root length, number of fibrous roots, and fresh weight were measured after incubation for 50 days. Results: Treatments with different concentrations of B. subtilis significantly increased the number of fibrous roots of the B. striata seedlings and promoted root elongation, and a higher concentration (1/10 × dilution) is associated with more significant promotion effects. B. striata seedlings treated with different concentrations of B. subtilis all showed an increase of relative chlorophyll contents in leaves with the increasing inoculant concentration. Only B. subtilis inoculant at a high concentration (1/10 × dilution) significantly promoted the plant height and base diameter of B. striata seedlings. The application of B. subtilis did not significantly promote the tuber diameter and fresh weight of B. striata seedlings. Principal component analysis confirmed the maximum growth promotion by B. subtilis inoculant in 1/10 × dilution than the other treatments. Conclusions: The application of B. subtilis can increase the relative chlorophyll content, promote growth and development of roots, and increase plant height and base diameter of B. striata seedlings. Therefore, B. subtilis has significant growth promotion effects on B. striata seedlings. These findings provide theoretical basis for the ecological cultivation of B. striata.
{"title":"Growth promotion effects of Bacillus subtilis on Bletilla striata seedlings","authors":"Di Liu, Jian Chen, Hui Yang, Z. Yousaf, Chaojie Liu, Bi-sheng Huang","doi":"10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WJTCM.WJTCM_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study is to study the growth promotion effects of Bacillus subtilis inoculants on the growth of Bletilla striata seedlings. Methods: Various concentrations (1/10×, 1/50×, 1/100×, and 1/500 × dilutions) of B. subtilis inoculants were applied on the B. striata seedlings. Plant height, base diameter, leaf length, leaf width, relative chlorophyll content, tuber diameter, average fibrous root length, number of fibrous roots, and fresh weight were measured after incubation for 50 days. Results: Treatments with different concentrations of B. subtilis significantly increased the number of fibrous roots of the B. striata seedlings and promoted root elongation, and a higher concentration (1/10 × dilution) is associated with more significant promotion effects. B. striata seedlings treated with different concentrations of B. subtilis all showed an increase of relative chlorophyll contents in leaves with the increasing inoculant concentration. Only B. subtilis inoculant at a high concentration (1/10 × dilution) significantly promoted the plant height and base diameter of B. striata seedlings. The application of B. subtilis did not significantly promote the tuber diameter and fresh weight of B. striata seedlings. Principal component analysis confirmed the maximum growth promotion by B. subtilis inoculant in 1/10 × dilution than the other treatments. Conclusions: The application of B. subtilis can increase the relative chlorophyll content, promote growth and development of roots, and increase plant height and base diameter of B. striata seedlings. Therefore, B. subtilis has significant growth promotion effects on B. striata seedlings. These findings provide theoretical basis for the ecological cultivation of B. striata.","PeriodicalId":23692,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"236 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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