Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change最新文献_第9页

Culture and identity in climate policy 气候政策中的文化和认同

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.765

J. Patterson

and (collective) to in how ambitious policy for can be enacted within domestic Policy long centered on material costs and benefits of action, including distributions of costs/benefits between different actors and over time. The short-term to considering within between societies. realizing fea-sibility

以及（集体）如何在长期以行动的物质成本和利益为中心的国内政策中制定雄心勃勃的政策，包括不同行为者之间以及随着时间的推移的成本/利益分配。在社会之间进行短期考虑。实现特性

引用次数: 3

Cross‐border migration on a warming planet: A policy framework 全球变暖下的跨境移民:一个政策框架

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.763

S. Byravan, S. C. Rajan

Migration is frequently driven by the need to improve social and economic opportunities or to flee conditions of political insecurity. The increased risks of environmental hazards, including climate change, have intensified the push to migrate. Nevertheless, the relation between climate change and forced displacement is not direct and is complicated by globalization, local ecological conditions, and deteriorating domestic institutions. Significantly, the muddy situation means the question “did this person migrate because of climate change?” may never be fully answered. On the basis of ethical arguments, in this Perspective article we propose a framework with both strong and mild responses to address cross‐border migration. The strong version acknowledges that it is impossible to separate out fully the climate‐induced causes of migration from others and using climate attribution studies for this purpose is potentially harmful. This implies designing an open door policy for asylum seekers as the impacts of climate change unfold, bearing in mind that host countries having the most responsibility for climate change ought to be the most welcoming to them. In the mild version, the international community designates vulnerable zones, areas where significant land area is susceptible to overwhelming loss and damage. Such countries would include most small‐island states, those that are severely drought‐prone and those with substantial low‐lying deltaic areas. In both the mild and strong versions, asylum seekers are provided rights of free passage to host countries under nonrefoulement, so that they are not forced to return to their unliveable or unviable home countries and face continuing harm.

移徙往往是由于需要改善社会和经济机会或逃离政治不安全的条件。包括气候变化在内的环境危害风险增加，加大了移民的力度。然而，气候变化与被迫流离失所之间的关系并不是直接的，而且由于全球化、当地生态条件和国内体制的恶化而变得复杂。值得注意的是，这种混乱的情况意味着“这个人是因为气候变化而移民的吗？”这个问题可能永远不会得到完全回答。在伦理论点的基础上，在这篇透视文章中，我们提出了一个框架，既有强烈的回应，也有温和的回应，以解决跨境移民问题。强有力的版本承认，不可能将气候引发的移民原因与其他原因完全区分开来，为此目的进行气候归因研究可能有害。这意味着随着气候变化的影响，为寻求庇护者设计一项开放的政策，同时考虑到对气候变化负有最大责任的东道国应该最欢迎他们。在温和的版本中，国际社会指定了脆弱区，即大片土地容易遭受巨大损失和破坏的地区。这些国家将包括大多数小岛屿国家、那些严重干旱的国家和那些拥有大量低洼三角洲地区的国家。在温和和强烈的版本中，寻求庇护者都有权在不受驱逐的情况下自由前往东道国，这样他们就不会被迫返回无法居住或无法居住的祖国，并面临持续的伤害。

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引用次数: 4

Solar geoengineering: The case for an international non‐use agreement 太阳能地球工程:国际不使用协议的案例

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.754

F. Biermann, J. Oomen, Aarti Gupta, Saleem H. Ali, Ken Conca, M. Hajer, Prakash Kashwan, L. Kotzé, M. Leach, Dirk Messner, C. Okereke, Åsa Persson, Janez Potočnik, D. Schlosberg, Michelle Scobie, Stacy D. Vandeveer

Solar geoengineering is gaining prominence in climate change debates as an issue worth studying; for some it is even a potential future policy option. We argue here against this increasing normalization of solar geoengineering as a speculative part of the climate policy portfolio. We contend, in particular, that solar geoengineering at planetary scale is not governable in a globally inclusive and just manner within the current international political system. We therefore call upon governments and the United Nations to take immediate and effective political control over the development of solar geoengineering technologies. Specifically, we advocate for an International Non‐Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering and outline the core elements of this proposal.

作为一个值得研究的问题，太阳能地球工程在气候变化辩论中日益突出;对一些人来说，这甚至是未来潜在的政策选择。我们在此反对将太阳能地球工程日益正常化作为气候政策组合的投机部分。我们特别认为，在当前的国际政治体系下，全球范围的太阳能地球工程无法以全球包容和公正的方式加以治理。因此，我们呼吁各国政府和联合国对太阳能地球工程技术的发展立即采取有效的政治控制。具体地说，我们提倡一项关于太阳能地球工程的国际不使用协议，并概述了该提案的核心要素。

引用次数: 40

Deliberative democracy and the climate crisis 协商民主和气候危机

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.759

R. Willis, Nicole Curato, Graham Smith

No democratic state has yet implemented a climate plan strong enough to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. This has led some to argue that democracy cannot cope with a challenge of this magnitude. In this article, we take stock of the claim that a more deliberative democratic system can strengthen our ability to respond effectively to the climate crisis. The most visible development in this direction is the recent citizens’ assemblies on climate change in Ireland, France, and the UK. We begin our analysis of the promise of deliberative democracy with a recognition of the difficulties that democracies face in tackling climate change, including short‐termism; the ways in which scientific and expert evidence are used; the influence of powerful political interests; and the relationship between people and the politicians that represent them. We then introduce the theoretical tradition of deliberative democracy and examine how it might ameliorate the challenges democracies face in responding to the climate crisis. We evaluate the contribution of deliberative mini‐publics, such as citizens’ assemblies and juries, and look beyond these formal processes to examine how deliberation can be embedded in political and social systems around the world. We conclude that deliberation‐based reforms to democratic systems, including but not limited to deliberative mini‐publics, are a necessary and potentially transformative ingredient in climate action.

目前还没有一个民主国家实施了足以实现《巴黎协定》目标的气候计划。这导致一些人认为，民主无法应对如此巨大的挑战。在这篇文章中，我们评估了一种说法，即更审慎的民主制度可以增强我们有效应对气候危机的能力。这方面最明显的进展是最近在爱尔兰、法国和英国举行的关于气候变化的公民大会。在分析协商民主的前景时，我们首先认识到民主国家在应对气候变化方面面临的困难，包括短期主义;使用科学和专家证据的方式;权势:强大的政治利益的影响;以及人民和代表他们的政治家之间的关系。然后，我们介绍了协商民主的理论传统，并研究了它如何改善民主国家在应对气候危机时面临的挑战。我们评估了审议微型公众的贡献，如公民大会和陪审团，并超越这些正式程序来研究审议如何嵌入世界各地的政治和社会制度。我们的结论是，以审议为基础的民主制度改革，包括但不限于审议微型公众，是气候行动中必要的、潜在的变革因素。

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引用次数: 44

Climate change and the hydropower sector: A global review 气候变化与水电部门:全球综述

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.757

Asphota Wasti, P. Ray, S. Wi, Christine Folch, María Ubierna, Pravin Karki

Renewable sources of electricity, such as solar and wind, need to be paired with sources of reliable baseload. Hydropower is a renewable, low‐emission source of electricity baseload available throughout much of the world as an alternative to electricity conventionally provided by thermal combustion of fossil fuels; however, the global hydropower sector as it stands relies upon surface water flows of substantial and predictable volume. This makes it vulnerable to climate change. The impact of climate change on the hydropower sector is difficult to predict, and not globally uniform. It might be positive, negative, or inconsequential depending upon the local timing and magnitude of changes, reservoir size, allocation priority, and the energy market. The secondary effects of climate change on glacier lake outbursts floods, landslides, and sediment load are poorly understood. In addition, when planning hydropower projects for the future, attention must be given to the greenhouse gas contribution of the impounded waters behind storage dams, and the impact of dams on water temperature. In the past decade, sovereign nations and international development agencies worldwide have evaluated the potential of hydropower as a cost‐effective, clean, sustainable option for baseload electricity supply. There is therefore a crucial need to assess the opportunities and risks hydropower poses across a wide range of potential future climate conditions. This review paper conducts a global survey of the literature on the effect of climate change on hydropower and identifies room for improvement in current approaches to evaluation of the net benefits of hydropower projects under climate change.

可再生能源，如太阳能和风能，需要与可靠的基本负荷相结合。水力发电是一种可再生的、低排放的电力基本负荷来源，在世界上大部分地区都可以作为传统的化石燃料热燃烧电力的替代品。然而，目前的全球水电行业依赖于大量可预测的地表水流量。这使得它容易受到气候变化的影响。气候变化对水电行业的影响很难预测，也不是全球统一的。根据当地的时间和变化幅度、水库规模、分配优先级和能源市场，它可能是积极的、消极的或无关紧要的。气候变化对冰川湖泊爆发、洪水、山体滑坡和沉积物负荷的次生影响尚不清楚。此外，在规划未来的水电项目时，必须注意水库大坝后蓄水水的温室气体贡献，以及大坝对水温的影响。在过去的十年里，世界各地的主权国家和国际发展机构已经评估了水电作为一种成本效益高、清洁、可持续的基本负荷电力供应选择的潜力。因此，有必要评估水电在未来各种潜在气候条件下带来的机遇和风险。这篇综述论文对气候变化对水电影响的文献进行了全球调查，并指出了气候变化下水电项目净效益评估方法的改进空间。

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引用次数: 30

Anticipating sea-level rise and human migration: A review of empirical evidence and avenues for future research. 预测海平面上升和人类迁徙：经验证据回顾与未来研究途径。

IF 9.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.747

Sem J Duijndam, Wouter J W Botzen, Liselotte C Hagedoorn, Jeroen C J H Aerts

Sea-level rise (SLR) threatens millions of people living in coastal areas through permanent inundation and other SLR-related hazards. Migration is one way for people to adapt to these coastal changes, but presents an enormous policy challenge given the number of people affected. Knowledge about the relationship between SLR-related hazards and migration is therefore important to allow for anticipatory policymaking. In recent years, an increasing number of empirical studies have investigated, using survey or census data, how SLR-related hazards including flooding, salinization, and erosion together with non-environmental factors influence migration behavior. In this article, we provide a systematic literature review of this empirical work. Our review findings indicate that flooding is not necessarily associated with increased migration. Severe flood events even tend to decrease long-term migration in developing countries, although more research is needed to better understand the underpinnings of this finding. Salinization and erosion do generally lead to migration, but the number of studies is sparse. Several non-environmental factors including wealth and place attachment influence migration alongside SLR-related hazards. Based on the review, we propose a research agenda by outlining knowledge gaps and promising avenues for future research on this topic. Promising research avenues include using behavioral experiments to investigate migration behavior under future SLR scenarios, studying migration among other adaptation strategies, and complementing empirical research with dynamic migration modeling. We conclude that more empirical research on the SLR-migration nexus is needed to properly understand and anticipate the complex dynamics of migration under SLR, and to design adequate policy responses. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics < Aggregation Techniques for Impacts and Mitigation CostsVulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change < Learning from Cases and AnalogiesAssessing Impacts of Climate Change < Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change.

海平面上升（SLR）通过永久性淹没和其他与 SLR 相关的危害威胁着生活在沿海地区的数百万人。移民是人们适应这些沿海变化的一种方式，但鉴于受影响的人数众多，移民也是一项巨大的政策挑战。因此，了解与可持续土地退化相关的灾害和移民之间的关系对于制定有预见性的政策非常重要。近年来，越来越多的实证研究利用调查或人口普查数据，研究了与可持续土地退化相关的灾害（包括洪水、盐碱化和侵蚀）以及非环境因素如何影响移民行为。在本文中，我们对这些实证研究进行了系统的文献综述。我们的综述结果表明，洪水并不一定与移民增加有关。在发展中国家，严重的洪灾事件甚至往往会减少长期移民，但要更好地理解这一结论的基础，还需要更多的研究。盐碱化和侵蚀通常会导致人口迁移，但这方面的研究数量很少。除了与可持续土地退化相关的危害之外，财富和对地方的依恋等一些非环境因素也会影响人口迁移。在综述的基础上，我们提出了一个研究议程，概述了知识差距和未来研究这一主题的可行途径。有前景的研究途径包括利用行为实验来调查未来可持续土地退化和干旱情况下的移民行为，研究移民与其他适应策略的关系，以及利用动态移民建模来补充实证研究。我们的结论是，需要对可持续土地退化与移民之间的关系开展更多的实证研究，以正确理解和预测可持续土地退化下移民的复杂动态，并制定适当的政策应对措施。本文归类于气候经济学 < 影响和减缓成本的聚合技术气候变化的脆弱性和适应性 < 从案例和类比中学习评估气候变化的影响 < 评估气候变化的未来影响。

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引用次数: 0

Issue Information 问题信息

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.715

引用次数: 0

Mortality management and climate action: A review and reference for using Terror Management Theory methods in interdisciplinary environmental research 死亡率管理与气候行动:恐怖管理理论方法在跨学科环境研究中的回顾与借鉴

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.776

L. Smith, Hanna Ross, Stephanie A. Shouldice, S. Wolfe

Global climate change awareness is increasing, but efforts to convey information can trigger undesirable behaviors, including denial, skepticism, and increased resource consumption. It is therefore essential to more fully investigate social–psychological responses to climate information and messaging if we are to prompt, support, and sustain pro‐environmental behaviors. Yet consideration of these responses is typically absent from interdisciplinary environmental study designs. Of specific relevance is research using social psychology's Terror Management Theory (TMT) showing that people's efforts to repress mortality salience (MS) or awareness significantly influence their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Research on MS's influence on climate change beliefs is progressing but, to date, a systematic scoping review of the literature has been unavailable. Here, we provide such a review. We propose that TMT insights and methods should be better integrated into research designs to guide climate communications and to generate the comprehensive cultural and behavioral changes needed to address societies' climate problems. We introduce a methodological framework for interdisciplinary researchers to incorporate TMT into their research designs and to help practitioners anticipate how their mortality‐laden messaging could trigger unintentional social‐psychological responses that degrade climate communication strategies.

全球气候变化意识正在增强，但传递信息的努力可能引发不良行为，包括否认、怀疑和增加资源消耗。因此，如果我们要促进、支持和维持亲环境行为，就必须更全面地调查社会心理对气候信息和信息的反应。然而，跨学科环境研究设计通常缺乏对这些反应的考虑。特别相关的是社会心理学的恐惧管理理论(TMT)的研究表明，人们抑制死亡显著性(MS)或意识的努力显著影响他们的态度、信仰和行为。关于MS对气候变化信念的影响的研究正在取得进展，但迄今为止，还没有对文献进行系统的范围审查。在此，我们提供这样的回顾。我们建议将TMT的见解和方法更好地整合到研究设计中，以指导气候沟通，并产生解决社会气候问题所需的全面文化和行为变化。我们为跨学科研究人员引入了一个方法框架，将TMT纳入他们的研究设计中，并帮助从业者预测他们的死亡率信息如何引发无意的社会心理反应，从而降低气候传播策略。

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引用次数: 10

Communication strategies for moral rebels: How to talk about change in order to inspire self‐efficacy in others 道德叛逆者的沟通策略:如何谈论改变以激发他人的自我效能感

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.781

Claire Brouwer, J. Bolderdijk, G. Cornelissen, T. Kurz

Current carbon‐intensive lifestyles are unsustainable and drastic social changes are required to combat climate change. To achieve such change, moral rebels (i.e., individuals who deviate from current behavioral norms based on ethical considerations) may be crucial catalyzers. However, the current literature holds that moral rebels may do more harm than good. By deviating from what most people do, based on a moral concern, moral rebels pose a threat to the moral self‐view of their observers who share but fail to uphold that concern. Those observers may realize that their behavior does not live up to their moral values, and feel morally inadequate as a result. Work on “do‐gooder derogation” demonstrates that rebel‐induced threat can elicit defensive reactance among observers, resulting in the rejection of moral rebels and their behavioral choices. Such findings suggest that advocates for social change should avoid triggering moral threat by, for example, presenting nonmoral justifications for their choices. We challenge this view by arguing that moral threat may be a necessary ingredient to achieve social change precisely because it triggers ethical dissonance. Thus, instead of avoiding moral justifications, it may be more effective to harness that threat. Ethical dissonance may offer the fuel needed for observers to engage in self‐improvement after being exposed to moral rebels, provided that observers feel capable of changing. Whether or not observers feel capable of changing, however, depends on how rebels communicate their moral choices to others—how they talk about change.

目前的碳密集型生活方式是不可持续的，需要进行剧烈的社会变革来应对气候变化。为了实现这种改变，道德叛逆者(即，基于道德考虑而偏离当前行为规范的个人)可能是关键的催化剂。然而，目前的文献认为，道德反叛可能弊大于利。通过背离大多数人的行为，基于道德关注，道德叛逆者对他们的观察者的道德自我观点构成了威胁，他们分享但没有坚持这种关注。这些观察者可能会意识到他们的行为不符合他们的道德价值观，并因此感到道德上的不足。关于“做好事的贬损”的研究表明，反叛者诱导的威胁会引起观察者的防御反应，从而导致对道德反叛者及其行为选择的排斥。这些发现表明，社会变革的倡导者应该避免引发道德威胁，例如，为他们的选择提出非道德的理由。我们挑战这一观点，认为道德威胁可能是实现社会变革的必要因素，正是因为它引发了道德失调。因此，与其回避道德辩护，不如利用这种威胁可能更有效。如果观察者觉得自己有能力改变，那么道德失调可能会为观察者在面对道德叛逆者后进行自我完善提供所需的燃料。然而，观察者是否觉得有能力改变，取决于反叛者如何向他人传达他们的道德选择——他们如何谈论改变。

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引用次数: 3

The need for stewardship of lands exposed by deglaciation from climate change 对因气候变化导致的冰川消融而暴露的土地进行管理的必要性

IF 9.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change

Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.753

Anaïs Zimmer, T. Beach, J. Klein, J. Recharte Bullard

Alpine glaciers worldwide will lose most of their volume by the end of the 21st century, placing alpine ecosystems and human populations at risk. The new lands that emerge from retreating glaciers provide a host of challenges for ecological and human adaptation to climate change. In these novel proglacial landscapes, ecological succession and natural hazards interplay with local agriculture, hydroelectric production, mining activities, and tourism. Research has emphasized the importance of understanding adaptation around socio‐environmental systems, but regional and global management efforts that support local initiatives and connect novel proglacial landscapes to ecological, social, and cultural conservation opportunities are rare and nascent. The characteristics of these emerging lands reflect the nexus of alpine ecosystems with socio‐political histories. Often overlooked in glacial‐influenced systems are the interdependencies, feedbacks, and tradeoffs between these biophysical systems and local populations. There is no coordinated strategy to manage and anticipate these shifting dynamics, while affirming local practices and contexts. There is an opportunity to initiate a new conversation and co‐create a governance structure around these novel landscapes and develop a new framework suitable to the Anthropocene era. This article first synthesizes the rapid socio‐environmental changes that are occurring in proglacial landscapes. Second, we consider the need for integrating “bottom‐up” with “top‐down” approaches for the sustainable management of proglacial landscapes. Finally, we propose establishing a transdisciplinary initiative with policy‐related goals to further dialogues around the governance and sustainable management of proglacial landscapes. We call for increased cooperation between actors, sectors, and regions, favoring multiscale and integrated approaches.

到21世纪末，全世界的高山冰川将失去大部分体积，使高山生态系统和人类面临风险。冰川退缩后出现的新土地为生态和人类适应气候变化带来了一系列挑战。在这些新颖的前冰川景观中，生态演替和自然灾害与当地农业、水电生产、采矿活动和旅游业相互作用。研究强调了理解社会环境系统适应的重要性，但支持地方举措并将新的冰川前景观与生态、社会和文化保护机会联系起来的区域和全球管理工作是罕见的。这些新兴土地的特征反映了高山生态系统与社会政治历史的联系。在受冰川影响的系统中，这些生物物理系统和当地人口之间的相互依赖性、反馈和权衡往往被忽视。没有协调一致的战略来管理和预测这些不断变化的动态，同时肯定当地的做法和背景。有机会发起一场新的对话，围绕这些新颖的景观共同创建一个治理结构，并制定一个适合人类世时代的新框架。本文首先综合了冰川前景观中发生的快速社会环境变化。其次，我们认为有必要将“自下而上”和“自上而下”的方法相结合，对冰川前景观进行可持续管理。最后，我们建议建立一个具有政策相关目标的跨学科倡议，以围绕冰川前景观的治理和可持续管理进一步开展对话。我们呼吁加强行动者、部门和区域之间的合作，支持多尺度和综合方法。

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引用次数: 9